181 research outputs found

    Prioritisation in medicine – discussion of a reality

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    Welche gesellschaftlichen ZwĂ€nge wirken auf die Medizin und ihre Anwender ein? Wie ist das VerhĂ€ltnis von Ökonomie und medizinisch Gebotenem? Wie steht es mit der Finanzierung der nicht evidenzbasierten Behandlung? Stellen Rationierung und Rationalisierung die möglichen Prinzipien der Priorisierung dar? FĂŒhrt die Priorisierung zur QualitĂ€tsminderung oder gar Sorgfaltsverletzung? Diese Fragen behandelte der 4. Ärztetag am Dom in Frankfurt am Main. ...Which social constraints have an effect on medical care and its users? What is the relationship between economy and what is medically indicated? What about the financing of non-evidence-based treatment? Are rationing and rationalisation the possible principles of prioritisation? Does prioritisation lead to diminished quality or even to gross negligence? All of these questions were addressed at the "4. Ärztetag am Dom" in Frankfurt/Main. ..

    Hierarchical approach to the process planning problem

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    AbstractA hierarchical approach to the process planning problem in manufacturing systems is presented. The model developed consists of the following three subproblems: (1) the tool path selection, (2) the tool path sequencing and (3) the process selection. These problems lead to three distinct combinatorial optimization problems which are characterized and for which solution procedures are discussed

    ProblÚmes d'ordonnancement sur des machines parallÚles avec des périodes de maintenance et un effet de détérioration : Minimisation de la charge totale des machines

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    National audienceLa planification de pĂ©riodes d'indisponibilitĂ©, souvent considĂ©rĂ©es comme des pĂ©riodes de maintenance, est trĂšs importante et vise Ă  amĂ©liorer l'efficacitĂ© de l'entreprise en termes de coĂ»ts de production et de dĂ©lais de livraison. Par exemple dans (Singh et Arvinderjit, 2013), la planification de maintenances permet de rĂ©duire les temps d'arrĂȘt de 13,64% et d'augmenter les bĂ©nĂ©fices de l'entreprise. Cependant les problĂšmes classiques d'ordonnancement considĂšrent que les machines sont toujours disponibles. Or cette hypothĂšse n'est pas toujours vraie. Depuis le dĂ©but des annĂ©es 1990, plusieurs travaux ont Ă©tĂ© menĂ©s sur l'ordonnancement en prĂ©sence de pĂ©riodes d'indisponibilitĂ©. La plupart de ces travaux considĂšre que la durĂ©e de ces pĂ©riodes est fixe. L'Ă©tude de l'ordonnancement simultanĂ© de tĂąches et de maintenances de durĂ©e variable a Ă©tĂ© initiĂ©e par Kubzin et Strusevich en 2005. En effet, dans certains secteurs d'activitĂ©, plus la pĂ©riode sĂ©parant deux maintenances est importante plus la maintenance Ă  rĂ©aliser est lourde et donc plus sa durĂ©e est importante. D'autre part, l'Ă©tat de la machine peut affecter les performances de la production. Ces variations sont gĂ©nĂ©ralement modĂ©lisĂ©es par un effet de dĂ©tĂ©rioration ou un effet d'apprentissage.Dans l'ordonnancement avec un effet de dĂ©tĂ©rioration, introduit initialement par Browne et Yechiali (1990), plus la date d'exĂ©cution d'une tĂąche est tardive plus la durĂ©e d'exĂ©cution est importante. Cette durĂ©e est expliquĂ©e par le vieillissement de la machine. D'oĂč l'importance des pĂ©riodes de maintenance pour contrer la dĂ©tĂ©rioration de la machine et pour rĂ©tablir les conditions initiales de la machine. Dans la littĂ©rature, la dĂ©tĂ©rioration de la machine est exprimĂ©e par plusieurs fonctions analytiques.Nous considĂ©rons dans ce travail que durant la pĂ©riode de fonctionnement les machines suivent un effet de dĂ©tĂ©rioration. Les activitĂ©s de maintenance permettent de contrer l'effet de dĂ©tĂ©rioration, d'Ă©viter les pannes et de rĂ©tablir les conditions initiales de la machine. Dans ce papier, nous nous intĂ©ressons aux problĂšmes d'ordonnancement sur des machines parallĂšles en prĂ©sence d'un effet de dĂ©tĂ©rioration et de maintenances de durĂ©e variable, dont le but est de minimiser la charge totale des machines

    Defining the critical hurdles in cancer immunotherapy

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    Scientific discoveries that provide strong evidence of antitumor effects in preclinical models often encounter significant delays before being tested in patients with cancer. While some of these delays have a scientific basis, others do not. We need to do better. Innovative strategies need to move into early stage clinical trials as quickly as it is safe, and if successful, these therapies should efficiently obtain regulatory approval and widespread clinical application. In late 2009 and 2010 the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC), convened an "Immunotherapy Summit" with representatives from immunotherapy organizations representing Europe, Japan, China and North America to discuss collaborations to improve development and delivery of cancer immunotherapy. One of the concepts raised by SITC and defined as critical by all parties was the need to identify hurdles that impede effective translation of cancer immunotherapy. With consensus on these hurdles, international working groups could be developed to make recommendations vetted by the participating organizations. These recommendations could then be considered by regulatory bodies, governmental and private funding agencies, pharmaceutical companies and academic institutions to facilitate changes necessary to accelerate clinical translation of novel immune-based cancer therapies. The critical hurdles identified by representatives of the collaborating organizations, now organized as the World Immunotherapy Council, are presented and discussed in this report. Some of the identified hurdles impede all investigators; others hinder investigators only in certain regions or institutions or are more relevant to specific types of immunotherapy or first-in-humans studies. Each of these hurdles can significantly delay clinical translation of promising advances in immunotherapy yet if overcome, have the potential to improve outcomes of patients with cancer

    Defining the Critical Hurdles in Cancer Immunotherapy

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    ABSTRACT: Scientific discoveries that provide strong evidence of antitumor effects in preclinical models often encounter significant delays before being tested in patients with cancer. While some of these delays have a scientific basis, others do not. We need to do better. Innovative strategies need to move into early stage clinical trials as quickly as it is safe, and if successful, these therapies should efficiently obtain regulatory approval and widespread clinical application. In late 2009 and 2010 the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC), convened an "Immunotherapy Summit" with representatives from immunotherapy organizations representing Europe, Japan, China and North America to discuss collaborations to improve development and delivery of cancer immunotherapy. One of the concepts raised by SITC and defined as critical by all parties was the need to identify hurdles that impede effective translation of cancer immunotherapy. With consensus on these hurdles, international working groups could be developed to make recommendations vetted by the participating organizations. These recommendations could then be considered by regulatory bodies, governmental and private funding agencies, pharmaceutical companies and academic institutions to facilitate changes necessary to accelerate clinical translation of novel immune-based cancer therapies. The critical hurdles identified by representatives of the collaborating organizations, now organized as the World Immunotherapy Council, are presented and discussed in this report. Some of the identified hurdles impede all investigators, others hinder investigators only in certain regions or institutions or are more relevant to specific types of immunotherapy or first-in-humans studies. Each of these hurdles can significantly delay clinical translation of promising advances in immunotherapy yet be overcome to improve outcomes of patients with cancer

    Recherche opérationnelle et gestion de la production

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    Depuis leurs origines, la recherche opĂ©rationnelle et la gestion de la production entretiennent des relations privilĂ©giĂ©es. Historiquement, la gestion de la production et les domaines connexes de la logistique industrielle ont d'ailleurs rapidement supplantĂ© la gestion des opĂ©rations militaires comme champ d’action principal et, simultanĂ©ment, comme catalyseur du dĂ©veloppement de la recherche opĂ©rationnelle. L'article offre un trĂšs bref aperçu des applications de la recherche opĂ©rationnelle en gestion de la production. Il est organisĂ© autour de trois thĂšmes principaux, Ă  savoir: planification de la production et programmation mathĂ©matique, gestion des stocks et conception de systĂšmes

    Operations Research and Networks

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    scheduling chemical experiments: from practice to theory

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    Operations Research and Networks

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    International audienc
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