A História da Alimentação: balizas historiográficas

Os M. pretenderam traçar um quadro da História da Alimentação, não como um novo ramo epistemológico da disciplina, mas como um campo em desenvolvimento de práticas e atividades especializadas, incluindo pesquisa, formação, publicações, associações, encontros acadêmicos, etc. Um breve relato das condições em que tal campo se assentou faz-se preceder de um panorama dos estudos de alimentação e temas correia tos, em geral, segundo cinco abardagens Ia biológica, a econômica, a social, a cultural e a filosófica!, assim como da identificação das contribuições mais relevantes da Antropologia, Arqueologia, Sociologia e Geografia. A fim de comentar a multiforme e volumosa bibliografia histórica, foi ela organizada segundo critérios morfológicos. A seguir, alguns tópicos importantes mereceram tratamento à parte: a fome, o alimento e o domínio religioso, as descobertas européias e a difusão mundial de alimentos, gosto e gastronomia. O artigo se encerra com um rápido balanço crítico da historiografia brasileira sobre o tema

"Expanding the Frontiers of Civil Rights"

Although historians have devoted a great deal of attention to the development of federal government policy regarding civil rights in the quarter century following World War II, little attention has been paid to the equally important developments at the state level. Few states underwent a more dramatic transformation with regard to civil rights than Michigan did. In 1948, the Michigan Committee on Civil Rights characterized the state of civil rights in Michigan as presenting "an ugly picture." Twenty years later, Michigan was a leader among the states in civil rights legislation. "Expanding the Frontiers of Civil Rights" documents this important shift in state level policy and makes clear that civil rights in Michigan embraced not only blacks but women, the elderly, native Americans, migrant workers, and the physically handicapped

Laissez Faire And The General-welfare State In American Thought, 1865-1901.

PhDHistoryUniversity of Michigan, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studieshttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/179026/2/0001102.pd

A Simple Device for Making Successive Photomicrographic Records of Large Groups of Developing Organisms

In our analysis of the effect of ionizing radiation upon the cleavage of sea urchin zygotes we found it necessary to take successive photomicrographs of a large number of eggs, in different samples, which had been exposed to graded doses of ionizing radiation (Hsiao and Daniel, 1960). In order to estimate the rate of cleavage of the irradiated samples of fertilized eggs it is highly desirable to follow the cleavage of each egg in every sample and make photomicrographic records for later analysis. In other words, we need to take time-lapse pictures of the developing eggs subjected to different amounts of radiation so as to calculate the rate of cleavage and correlate it with dosage. After some preliminary trials we have put together, using commonly available materials, a simple device capable of taking photomicrographs repeatedly from the same field in a series of samples of irradiated eggs at specified time intervals. By lining up, according to time, prints made from each field, each egg can be identified and its cleavage followed from the first to the last frame in the series, and its rate of cleavage can be calculated. It occurs to us that investigators who have occasion to record developmental and other recurrent phenomena may find this simple device useful. A brief description of its method of construction and manipulation is reported in this paper