The Advertisement Calls and Distribution of Two Sympatric Species of Chiasmocleis (Méhely 1904) (Anura, Microhylidae, Gastrophryninae) from the Atlantic Forest

The advertisement calls of Chiasmocleis cordeiroi and C. crucis are described for populations from the municipalities of Igrapiúna and Camacan, respectively, state of Bahia, Brazil. Both calls consist of multipulsed notes produced in series. Differences between the two calls are: dominant frequency, higher in C. cordeiroi (range 4500–4898 Hz; C. crucis range 4069–4435 Hz); note rate, higher in C. cordeiroi (range 6.20–7.46 s/note; C. crucis range 5.17–5.59 s/note); pulse rate, higher in C. cordeiroi (151.82–194.83 s/note; C. crucis range 125.30– 142.12 s/note); and the structure of the modulation patterns of the notes. Moreover, the advertisement calls of C. crucis and C. cordeiroi are more similar than the calls of all syntopic congeners. Furthermore, the current distribution of both species was extended

Whey Protein Isolate-Supplemented Beverage, Fermented by Lactobacillus casei BL23 and Propionibacterium freudenreichii 138, in the Prevention of Mucositis in Mice

Mucositis is a clinically important gastrointestinal inflammatory infirmity, generated by antineoplastic drugs cytotoxic effects. The inflammatory process caused by this disease frequently leads to derangements in the alimentary tract and great malaise for the patient. Novel strategies are necessary for its prevention or treatment, as currently available treatments of mucositis have several limitations in relieving its symptoms. In this context, several research groups have investigated the use of probiotic bacteria, and in particular dairy bacterial strains. Compelling evidences reveal that milk fermented by certain probiotic bacteria has the capacity to ameliorate intestinal inflammatory disorders. In addition, innovative probiotic delivery strategies, based on probiotics incorporation into protective matrices, such as whey proteins, were able to increase the therapeutic effect of probiotic strains by providing extra protection for bacteria against environmental stresses. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the role of the whey protein isolate (WPI), when added to skim milk fermented by Lactobacillus casei BL23 (L. casei BL23) or by Propionibacterium freudenreichii CIRM-BIA138 (P. freudenreichii 138), as a protective matrix against in vitro stress challenges. In addition, we investigated the therapeutic effect of these fermented beverages in a murine model of mucositis induced by 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Our results demonstrated that milk supplementation with 30% (w/v) of WPI increases the survival rate of both strains when challenged with acid, bile salts, high temperature and cold storage stresses, compared to fermented skim milk without the addition of WPI. Moreover, treatment with the probiotic beverages prevented weight loss and intestinal damages in mice receiving 5-FU. We conclude that the presence of WPI maximizes the anti-inflammatory effects of L. casei BL23, but not for P. freudenreichii 138, suggesting that whey protein enhancement of probiotic activity might be strain-dependent

PHYTOCHEMISTRY INVESTIGATION OF CASEARIA ARBOREA (RICH.) URB. (SALICACEAE) AND ANTIMICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF ITS DITERPENE

A phytochemical investigation from aerial parts of Casearia arborea (Rich.) Urb. (Salicaceae) led to isolation and identification of: sitosterol, 4-en-stigmast-3-one, 13-hydroxy-trans-ent-cleroda-3,14-diene,3-hydroxy-2-oxo-trans-ent-cleroda-3,14-diene (kolavelone), a mixture of 13-hydroxy-trans-ent-cleroda-3,14-diene and an ester ethyl hexadecanoate, kaempferol-3-O-a-L-arabinofuranoside and 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavone (tricin). The compounds have been described for the first time in this species. Five trihydroxy-flavone-hexoside derivatives have been identified by LC-ESI-HR-MS. The antimicrobial activity of kolavelone was evaluated against strains of Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Shigella and Candida spores, and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. The results showed the antimicrobial activity of kolavelone against several bacteria and Candida tropicalis indicating its potential use as antimicrobial agent

PHYTOCHEMISTRY INVESTIGATION OF CASEARIA ARBOREA (RICH.) URB. (SALICACEAE) AND ANTIMICROBIAL ANALYSIS OF ITS DITERPENE

<div><p>A phytochemical investigation from aerial parts of Casearia arborea (Rich.) Urb. (Salicaceae) led to isolation and identification of: sitosterol, 4-en-stigmast-3-one, 13-hydroxy-trans-ent-cleroda-3,14-diene,3-hydroxy-2-oxo-trans-ent-cleroda-3,14-diene (kolavelone), a mixture of 13-hydroxy-trans-ent-cleroda-3,14-diene and an ester ethyl hexadecanoate, kaempferol-3-O-a-L-arabinofuranoside and 4',5,7-trihydroxy-3',5'-dimethoxyflavone (tricin). The compounds have been described for the first time in this species. Five trihydroxy-flavone-hexoside derivatives have been identified by LC-ESI-HR-MS. The antimicrobial activity of kolavelone was evaluated against strains of Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Shigella and Candida spores, and its minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined. The results showed the antimicrobial activity of kolavelone against several bacteria and Candida tropicalis indicating its potential use as antimicrobial agent.</p></div

Determinação do período mais propício às ocorrências de incêndios em vegetação na área urbana de Juiz de Fora, MG Determination of the most favorable period for the occurrences of vegetation fires in the urban area of Juiz de Fora, MG

Os incêndios em vegetação podem provocar severos danos ao ambiente, além de consequências econômicas consideráveis, como a destruição de hábitats, a queima de madeira e os custos para o seu combate. Para estabelecer políticas de controle e prevenção, faz-se necessário conhecer o perfil dos incêndios. As estatísticas de ocorrência dos incêndios em vegetação são as principais ferramentas para se traçar seu perfil. Com esses dados, pode-se planejar o controle de modo mais eficiente, diminuindo gastos, tempo e riscos em seu combate. O objetivo deste estudo visou à determinação da época do ano e horário de maiores ocorrências de incêndios em vegetação no Município de Juiz de Fora, MG. Para isso, foi utilizada uma série temporal de 10 anos (1995 -2004), com dados de ocorrências de incêndios e elementos climáticos na área urbana do município. De acordo com os resultados, foi caracterizado o período de junho a outubro como a estação normal do fogo. Em relação às horas do dia, o período das 10 às 20 h foi o que concentrou o maior número de ocorrências, tendo seu pico entre 15 e 16 h.<br>Vegetation fires can provoke severe damage to the environment as well as considerable economic consequences, such as the destruction of habitats, the burning of wood and costs for combating them. To establish politics for control and prevention, it is necessary to know the profile of fire. The statistics of occurrence of vegetation fires are the main tools to draw your profile. With this data, we can plan to control them more efficiently by reducing costs, time and risk in their combat. The objective of this study seeks to determine the period of the year and schedule of larger occurrences of vegetation fires in the city of Juiz de Fora (MG). For that a 10 year temporary series was used (1995 - 2004) with data of occurrences of fires and climatic elements in the city. According to the results, the period from June to October as the normal fire season was characterized. Hourly, from 10:00 to 20:00 hours the largest number of occurrences was concentrated and peaks were between 15:00 and 16:00 h