Progesterone-Related Issues and Coping Strategies for Women Undergoing Assisted Reproductive Treatment

Objective:This study aims to identify the problems experienced by women undergoing assisted reproductive treatment due to progesterone use, as well as their coping strategies.Methods:The study included 145 women who were admitted to an infertility outpatient clinic of a university hospital between July 25 and August 8, 2022. The researchers collected data using a questionnaire designed to assess the problems that might arise due to the use of various types of progesterone-containing drugs and coping methods. The data were evaluated using descriptive statistics in the SPSS program.Results:The mean age of the women was 30.76±5.53 years, and the mean duration of their marriages was 6.6±4.51 years. Of women 64.8% had primary infertility and 68.3% of women underwent assisted reproductive treatment (ART) at least once before. Women who received intramuscular progesterone treatment during ART frequently experienced pain, swelling, abscess, redness at the injection site. Women who received progesterone treatment vaginally experienced vaginal wetness, drying of the drug in the vagina, lumps, the drug leaving the body, the drug not being completely absorbed, vaginal itching. Women who received progesterone treatment orally experienced sleepiness, nausea, dizziness, headache, fatigue. Women coped with these problems using various methods.Conclusion:The study revealed that women undergoing ART experienced many problems related to the use of progesterone and they attempted to address these issues through their own means. It is necessary to inform patients and to plan nursing interventions to minimize/eliminate these problems

Gebelerin doğum yöntemi tercihlerini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesi

Gebelik ve doğum fizyolojik bir olay olmasına rağmen kadın için önemli bir stres kaynağıdır. Kadınlar bu dönemde doğum yönteminin nasıl olacağı ile ilgili endişe yaşarlar. Bu endişe özellikle ilk doğumda daha da belirgindir ve doğum yöntemi gebelik döneminde karar verilmesi gereken önemli konulardan biri olarak karşımıza çıkar. Doğum yöntemi tıbbi endikasyonların yanı sıra gebenin sosyal, psikolojik ve çevresel faktörleri tarafından da etkilenmektedir. Anne adayları gebelik boyunca doğum yöntemi ile ilgili yaşadıkları kararsızlık sonucu vajinal doğumun yanında alternatif doğum yöntemleri aramaktadırlar. Gebelerin gebelik, doğum algısı, doğum yöntemi tercihleri ve etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla planlanan bu araştırmada; nicel ve nitel araştırma yöntemleri bir arada kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada, gebelerin gebelik, annelik, doğuma ilişkin algıları, doğum deneyimleri, memnuniyetleri, doğum yöntemi tercihleri ve tercihlerini etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla araştırmaya alınma kriterlerine uyan ve katılmayı kabul eden 14 gebe ile üç ayrı niteliksel görüşme ( Gebeliğin birinci trimesteri, üçüncü trimester ve doğum sonrası postpartum dönem) yapılmış ve son görüşmede gebelere doğum memnuniyetlerini ölçmek amacıyla Doğumda Anne Memnuniyetini Değerlendirme Ölçeği uygulanmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda: Gebelerin yaş ortalamasının 25±3.2, çoğunluğunun 19-22 yaş arasında evlendiği, lise ve yüksekokul mezunu, yarısının ev hanımı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Nitel verilerin analizi sonucu, gebelerin çoğunun eşinin baskısı ile gebe kaldığı, gebeliğin planlı olmasının gebeliğe ilişkin duyguları etkilediği ve gebelik ile ilgili duyguların gebelik süresince değiştiği, gebelerin çoğunun doğum tercihi olarak daha sağlıklı olduğunu düşündükleri için vajinal doğum istediği ve bu tercihlerinin gebelik süresince değişmediği, gebelerin tümünün doğumdan korktuğu ve doğum korkusunun doğum tercihini etkilediği, doğum sonrasında yapılan görüşmelerde gebelerin yarısının vajinal yarısının sezaryen ile doğum yaptığı saptanmıştır. Vajinal doğum yapan 3 gebenin puanı ölçeğin kesme noktası puanından (146,5) yüksek olduğu için sezaryen ile doğumda hastanede aldıkları bakımdan memnuniyet düzeyleri yüksek olarak belirlenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Gebelik, doğum, doğum yöntemi, doğum yöntemi tercihi, doğumda anne memnuniyeti değerlendirme ölçeği SUMMARY Determination of factors effecting the delivery method preferences of pregnant women Although pregnancy and delivery are physiological events, they are important stress factors for women. Women have concerns about the delivery method in that period. This concern is especially significant in the first delivery and delivery method becomes an important issue to be decided in the pregnancy period. Delivery method is effected by medical indications as well as social, psychological and environmental factors of the pregnant women. Mother candidates seek for alternative delivery methods other than vaginal delivery as a result of the uncertainty they faced during pregnancy. In this research aiming to determine the pregnancy, delivery perception, delivery method perceptions and effecting factors qualitative and quantitative research model, phenomenalogic approach (fact science) pattern (mixed method) are used together. In the research three different qualitative interviews (the first trimester of pregnancy, third trimester and postpartum period after delivery) were made with 14 pregnant women (fulfilling the criteria for participating to the research and also who accepted to participate) for the aim of determining their perceptions related with pregnancy, motherhood and delivery, delivery experiences, satisfaction levels, delivery method preferences and factors effecting these preferences. In the last interview Scale for Measuring Maternal Satisfaction in Birth scale was applied to pregnant women in order to measure their maternal satisfactions. At the end of the research it was determined that the age averages of pregnant women are 25±3,2, that the majority of them married between ages of 19 and 22, that are graduated from lycee and high school and that half of them are housewives. As a result qualitative data analysis it was understood that most of the pregnant women became pregnant due to the pressure of their spouse, that emotions related with pregnancy was related with the fact that pregnancy was planned or not, that emotions related with pregnancy changed during pregnancy, that most of the pregnant women preferred vaginal delivery as they think it is healthier and that this preference did not change during pregnancy, that all pregnant women were afraid of delivery and that fear of childbirth effected the delivery preference and in the interviews made after delivery it was determined that half of the pregnant women gave birth by caesarean delivery. Pregnant women who delivered vaginally three points are cut-off point score of the scale (146,5) their satisfaction related with the care given during the caesarean delivery was determined to be high. Key words: Pregnancy, delivery, delivery method, delivery method preference, Scale for Measuring Maternal Satisfaction in Birt

Primigravida Gebelerin Doğum Tercihlerini Etkileyen Faktörler: Niteliksel Bir Araştırma

Objective: The objective was to identify factors affecting the pregnancy, pregnancyperception and preference of delivery method of primigravida women, and to evaluate their experiencesand satisfaction regarding their deliveries. Material and Methods: This is a descriptivestudy using a qualitative method. The study was carried out at the gynecology and obstetrics departmentof a university hospital in Turkey. The study group was composed of 14 primigravidawomen 18-35 years old who had not undergone IVF treatment. All had become pregnant spontaneouslyand none had a high-risky pregnancy, pregnancy is not risky. Data were collected viasemi-structured interviews after which thematic analyses were performed. Results: At the endof interviews with pregnant women, three main themes (perception of pregnancy, perceptionof childbirth and experience of childbirth) and seven subthemes (state of willingness for pregnancy,emotional state during pregnancy, preference of childbirth and affecting factors, fearfrom childbirth, method and experience of childbirth) were generated. Conclusion: As a resultof research; it was found that a planned pregnancy affected the attitude towards pregnancy. Inaddition, feelings of the women towards their pregnancy changed throughout the pregnancy,while their delivery choices did not change; most wanted vaginal deliveries since they believedit was healthier. All of the pregnant women were afraid of delivery and this fear of childbirthaffected the preference of delivery.Amaç: Çalışmanın amacı Primigravida gebelerin gebelik, doğum algısı, doğum yöntemi tercihlerinietkileyen faktörler, doğumlarına ilişkin deneyimleri ve memnuniyetlerini belirlemek.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma niteliksel yöntemin kullanıldığı tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır.Araştırma, Türkiye’de bir üniversite hastanesinin Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Polikliniğindeyapılmıştır. İVF tedavisi görmeyen/kendiliğinden gebe kalan, 18-35 yaş aralığında, gebeliği riskli olmayan14 primigravida çalışma grubunu oluşturmuştur. Veriler, yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmelerletoplanmış ve tematik analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: Gebeler ile yapılan görüşmeler sonucundaüç ana tema (gebelik algısı, doğum algısı ve doğum deneyimi), yedi alt tema (gebeliğin istenmedurumu, gebelikteki duygusal durum, doğum tercihi ve etkileyen faktörler, doğum korkusu,doğum yöntemi ve doğum deneyimi) ortaya çıkmıştır. Sonuç: Araştırma sonucunda; gebeliğin planlıolmasının gebeliğe ilişkin duyguları etkilediği, gebelik ile ilgili duyguların gebelik süresince değiştiği,gebelerin çoğunun daha sağlıklı olduğunu düşündükleri için vajinal doğum istediği ve gebelikboyunca tercihlerinin değişmediği, gebelerin tümünün doğumdan korktuğu ve doğum korkusunundoğum tercihini etkilediği bulunmuştur

Complementary and alternative medicine used by infertile women in Turkey

This study was carried out to determine the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) methods by women diagnosed with infertility who had undergone assisted reproduction methods to conceive a child. The study was descriptive and cross-sectional in design. The study was composed of 310 women admitted to the infertility clinic of a Women‘s and Children's Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Data were collected via a questionnaire form that was prepared based on the literature. Data were assessed by percentage calculation. The ratio of CAM use among the women in the study was 51%. The most commonly used practices involved the consumption of onions (65.1%) and figs (45.2%), insertion of sheep tail fat into the vagina (42.9%) and eating walnuts (41.7%). The most commonly known practice was the use of onions (81.9%), followed by figs (56. 3%), amulets (34.1%), parsley (30.67%) and prayers (30.3%). Participants stated that only three methods had been beneficial, with onions (two individuals), diet (one individual), and psychotherapy (one individual), considered as successful practices. Evidence-based studies on the most well-known and practiced methods are needed. Therefore, it is essential to perform meta-analyses and randomized controlled studies. Keywords: complementary and alternative medicine, infertility, assisted reproduction techniques, Turke

Complementary and Alternative Medicine Used by Infertile Women in Turkey

WOS: 000438891200004PubMed: 30052332This study was carried out to determine the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) methods by women diagnosed with infertility who had undergone assisted reproduction methods to conceive a child. The study was descriptive and cross-sectional in design. The study was composed of 310 women admitted to the infertility clinic of a Women's and Children's Hospital in Istanbul, Turkey. Data were collected via a questionnaire form that was prepared based on the literature. Data were assessed by percentage calculation. The ratio of CAM use among the women in the study was 51%. The most commonly used practices involved the consumption of onions (65.1%) and figs (45.2%), insertion of sheep tail fat into the vagina (42.9%) and eating walnuts (41.7%). The most commonly known practice was the use of onions (81.9%), followed by figs (56.3%), amulets (34.1%), parsley (30.67%) and prayers (30.3%). Participants stated that only three methods had been beneficial, with onions (two individuals), diet (one individual), and psychotherapy (one individual), considered as successful practices. Evidence-based studies on the most well-known and practiced methods are needed. Therefore, it is essential to perform meta-analyses and randomized controlled studies

Türk Hemşirelik Öğrencilerinin İnfertilite Algısı

Objective: This study was performed to determine feelings, thoughts and perceptions of thebachelor nursing students, who had a basic information regarding infertility, about infertility and the factorsaffecting their perceptions. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive study using qualitative methods.The data of the study were collected during two phases. A structured questionnaire was used duringthe first phase; and focus group discussions were used in the second phase. Content analysis was performedto analyze study data. The study was performed in the Nursing Department of Health School in Duzce Universitywhich is located in Western Blacksea Region in Turkey. Out of 42 students who were studying inthe 3rd year of bachelor program of Nursing Department in Health School, 38 students who were volunteerswere selected as the study group. Results: In this study aiming to determine infertility perceptions ofnursing students in Turkey, it was found that students were giving meanings to conceiving a child such asthe purpose/meaning of life and continuation of generation; and expressed that especially female studentsmay experience intensive emotional problems when they learn that they can not have a child. It was observedthat students may cope with such a situation by staying unmarried/divorcing, preferring to escape,adopting a child, focusing on the religion or looking for some other activities; and female students have approachedto adopting a child more negatively than the male students. The students have stated that theirculture had a negative sense for infertility, and their meanings for infertility and their emotional/behavioralresponses were directly associated with the culture that they were living in. Conclusion: It was recommendedto carry out more intensive research for the determination of emotions, thoughts and perceptionsof the young people regarding infertility, activities aiming to increase their awareness about this topic (suchas research, education, written and visual media, etc) and studies for strengthening positive effects of theculture by altering its negative effects on thoughts and perceptions regarding infertility in our country.Amaç: Bu çalışma infertilite ile ilgili temel bilgiye sahip lisans hemşirelik öğrencilerinin infertilitehakkındaki duygu, düşünce ve algılarını ve bu algılarını etkileyen faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu araştırma kalitatif yöntemlerin kullanıldığı tanımlayıcı bir çalışmadır Araştırmadaveriler iki aşamada toplanmıştır. Birinci aşamada yapılandırılmış soru formu kullanılmış ikinci aşamada iseodak grup görüşmesi yapılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin analizinde içerik analizi uygulanmıştır. AraştırmaTürkiye’nin Batı Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yer alan Düzce Üniversitesi Sağlık Yüksekokulu Hemşirelik Bölümü’ndeyapılmıştır. Sağlık Yüksekokulu Hemşirelik Bölümü Lisans Programı 3. sınıfında okuyan ve“Yardımcı Üreme Teknikleri ve Hemşireliği” dersini alan 42 öğrenciden gönüllü olan 38’i çalışma grubu olarakseçilmiştir. Bulgular: Türk hemşirelik öğrencilerinin infertilite algılarını belirlemek üzere yapılan bu çalışmada,öğrencilerin çocuk sahibi olmaya, hayatının amacı/anlamı, neslin devamı gibi anlamlar yükledikleri,çocuk sahibi olamayacaklarını öğrendiklerinde özellikle kız öğrencilerin yoğun duygusal sorunlar yaşayabilecekleriniifade ettikleri bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin böyle bir durumda evlenmeyerek/boşanarak, kaçmayıtercih ederek, evlat edinerek, dine yönelerek veya başka uğraşlar bularak baş edebilecekleri, kızöğrencilerin erkeklere göre evlat edinmeye olumsuz yaklaştıkları görülmüştür. Öğrenciler ait oldukları kültürüninfertiliteye olumsuz baktığını ve infertiliteye verdikleri anlamların, duygusal/davranışsal yanıtlarıniçinde yaşadıkları kültürle doğrudan ilişkili olduğunu ifade etmişlerdir. Sonuç: Ülkemizde gençlerin infertiliteile ilgili duygu düşünce ve algılarını belirlemeye yönelik daha kapsamlı araştırmaların, gençlerin bukonudaki farkındalıklarını arttırmak amaçlı etkinliklerin ve kültürün infertiliteye ilişkin düşünce ve algılarüzerine olan olumsuz etkilerini değiştirerek olumlu etkilerini güçlendirmeye yönelik çalışmaların yapılmasıönerilmiştir