Brachypodium Genomics

Brachypodium distachyon (L.) Beauv. is a temperate wild grass species; its morphological and genomic characteristics make it a model system when compared to many other grass species. It has a small genome, short growth cycle, self-fertility, many diploid accessions, and simple growth requirements. In addition, it is phylogenetically close to economically important crops, like wheat and barley, and several potential biofuel grasses. It exhibits agricultural traits similar to those of these target crops. For cereal genomes, it is a better model than Arabidopsis thaliana and Oryza sativa (rice), the former used as a model for all flowering plants and the latter hitherto used as model for genomes of all temperate grass species including major cereals like barley and wheat. Increasing interest in this species has resulted in the development of a series of genomics resources, including nuclear sequences and BAC/EST libraries, together with the collection and characterization of other genetic resources. It is expected that the use of this model will allow rapid advances in generation of genomics information for the improvement of all temperate crops, particularly the cereals

Effects of the phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitor tadalafil on nociception, morphine analgesia and tolerance in rats

Aim: Tadalafil is a potent, selective and reversible inhibitor of phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) enzyme breakdowning cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of tadalafil on nociception, morphine analgesia and tolerance. Methods: In this study, 54 Wistar Albino (230-250 g) male rats were used. First of all, four different doses (2, 4, 8, 16 mg/kg) were used to determine the optimum effective dose of tadalafil on nociception. Optimum activity was found at 8 mg/kg and animals were divided into six groups: Saline (S), 8mg/kg tadalafil, 5mg/kg morphine (M), M+ tadalafil, morphine tolerance (MT) and MT+ tadalafil. Saline was given to the control group, tadalafil intraperitoneally and morphine subcutaneously administered at the indicated doses. To develop tolerance to morphine, 10mg/kg morphine was injected daily in the morning and evening for five days and tolerance was evaluated with single dose of morphine on sixth days. The resulting analgesic effect was measured with hot plate and tail flick analgesia tests and recorded at 30th, 60th, 90th and 120th minutes. Results: Tadalafil showed anti-nociceptive effect when given alone at different doses (p<0.05). However, tadalafil significantly decreased the analgesic effect of morphine (p<0.05). In addition, tadalafil significantly increased the tolerance to morphine (p<0.05). Conclusions: The phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor tadalafil have anti-nociceptive properties and it decreases analgesic effect of morphine, in addition improves tolerance development. These effects probably may occur via NO/cGMP pathway. &nbsp

Diploid brachypodium distachyon of Turkey: molecular and morphological analysis

Brachypodium distachyon is a model species for the grass family, Poaceae, which includes major cereal crops such as wheat and barley. The aim of this study were to assess morphological and phylogenetic relationships among diploid accessions of Brachypodium representing diverse geographic regions of Turkey based on Sequence related Amplified Polymorphism (SRAP) analyses. The similarity matrix indicated close relation among species used in the section using SRAP primer combinations, produced 156 fragment bands, of which 120 were polymorphic. Genetic distance ranged from 0.03 to 0.62. Plant genotypes were grouped into two major clusters based on SRAP analysis. There was a high level of diversity among the native diploid Brachypodium genotypes. These genotypes can be used for a better understanding of grass genomics

Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries

Background: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures.Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge.Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to side-effects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (beta coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and low- and middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not.Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely

Growth And Reproductive Biology Of Gobio Gymnostethus (Ladiges, 1960) In Melendiz Stream, Anatolia, Turkey

The age and size composition, growth rate and reproductive biology of a cyprinid fish Gobio gymnostethus which is endemic species were studied in Aksaray-Melendiz Creek. The minimum and maximum fork length for female and male were 39.25-145 and 39.10-132.2 mm, respectively. Age distribution of Gobio gymnostethus populations living in Melendiz Creek ranged between 0 to VII. Sexual maturation age of Gobio gymnostethus for male and female was I year age and reproduction period of this species were April to July.WoSScopu

Evaluation of the association between gross motor function classification system levels and implementation of home programs in children with cerebral palsy

The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between gross motor function classification system levels and implementation of home programs in children with cerebral palsy. Material-Method: This study is a cross-sectional study. The study group consists of 247 cerebral palsy patients who referred to rehabilitation centers and who agreed to participate in the study and their relatives. Gross Motor Function Classification System was used to find out the severity of cerebral palsy. The state of implementing home program was questioned through the parents of the children within the rehabilitation program. 51.6% of the children in the study were male, while 48.4% were female. Average age of the participants was 9.5±0.5 years (min.:0, max.:21). When the reasons for cerebral palsy were examined, 17.5% were found to be prenatal, 54.2% were found to be natal and 27.3% were found to be postnatal. Distribution of the children in terms of Gross Motor Function Classification System levels was found as 4.9% in level 1, as 21.9% in level 2, 34.4% in level 3, 25.1% in level 4, and 13.8% in level 5. Average age of the participant parents was found as 36.4±12.4 years (min.:18, max.:73). 93.8% of the parents were mothers, while 6.2% were fathers. Home program given by physiotherapist was applied to only 35.6% of the children by the parent. In this study, statistically significant difference was found between Gross Motor Function Classification System levels and application of home programs (p [Med-Science 2019; 8(1.000): 221-4

Species Composition Of Fish Community In Kundu Estuary (Antalya-Turkey) And Their Length-Weight Relationships

This study describes the fish species composition and their length-weight relationships from Kundu Estuary (Antalya-Turkey). A total of 679 individuals (catch of 116.2 kg) representing 14 marine, freshwater and migratory fish species were caught by different nets from March, 2008 to February, 2009. Marine fish species represent the highest abundance (69.66%) and biomass (55.93%). Liza aurata was the most frequently captured species (38.9%), followed by cephalus (14.7%) and Dicentrarchus labrax (10.8%). The length-weight relationships displayed that six species grew positively allometric and four of them grew negatively allometric.WoSScopu

Fuzzy logic based performance analysis of educational mobile game for engineering students

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of an educational android mobile game on the attitude of engineering students. For this purpose, an educational mobile game is developed and a fuzzy logic based attitude determination system is modeled. The study is carried out with 30 students of mechatronic engineering. A mobile game which is called Select Box-Solve Question has been developed in the android studio environment. Besides this; to analyse the performance of the game on the success of education, a fuzzy logic-based attitude determination system, which consists of four number of inputs and outputs, is modeled. These input and output values constitute the factors of the attitude scale. The Triangular Membership Function is used as the Fuzzification step of the Fuzzy Logic Technique. Four different defuzzification methods are used and the results of these methods are compared and analysed

Investigation of Pelvic Floor Muscle Strength of the Women Admitted to the Gynecology Clinics and the Evaluation of Affecting Factors [Malatya Il Merkezinde Jinekoloji Polikliniklerine Basvuran Kadinlarin Pelvik Taban Kas Kuvvetinin Degerlendirilmesi ve Etkileyen Faktorlerin Incelenmesi]

The aim of this study is to investigate the factors affecting pelvic floor muscle strength of the women admitted to the gynecology clinics in Malatya by evaluating their pelvic floor muscle strengths with perineometry device. This study is of a cross-sectional type. In the sample selection, stratified cluster sampling method was used. 430 women between the ages of 20-50 were included in the study. In the analysis process; Chi-square and logistic regression were used. In our study, the mean value of pelvic floor muscle strength has been found to be 31.4±9.6 cmH2O. According to results of this research, it has been found out that there are primary relational factors between having a normal or mixed births (OR=5.546, CI=2.586-11.895), being at the age of 40 years and older (OR=3.484, CI=1.982-6.125) and pelvic floor muscle strength weakness (p [Med-Science 2015; 4(4.000): 2762-71