El ajo en el norte de Buenos Aires : ensayo de rendimiento, manejo y comportamiento del cultivo

El cultivo de ajo en el territorio demanda semilla con identificación varietal, la elección de las variedades más adaptadas, y ajo semilla libre de dormición. Bajo estas consideraciones y con el propósito de sistematizar tecnologías agroecológicas en producción de semillas en un faro de investigación y extensión agroecológica local; se iniciaron ensayos a campo en la Escuela Agrotécnica de Inchausti ubicada en la localidad de 25 de Mayo, en el marco del convenio INTA– Universidad Nacional de La Plata.EEA PergaminoFil: Filippi, Mónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Agencia de Extensión Rural Chivilcoy; Argentin

Avances sobre el manejo de arvenses en la huerta agroecológica

En la agricultura convencional el barbecho químico es una práctica eficiente para contrarrestar el efecto de arvenses en el cultivo, aunque con riesgos de impacto ambiental. La agroecología propone prácticas de manejo amigables con el ambiente para reducir su competencia. La técnica del acolchado o “mulch” ha demostrado ser eficiente y constituye una opción de manejo agroecológico frente al uso de herbicidas. Este trabajo para evaluar el efecto de una cubierta de polietileno previo al cultivo (barbecho) y durante el cultivo a manera de coberturas (mulch de paja y polietileno) sobre la biomasa de arvenses en un sistema de huerta agroecológica. Las arvenses presentes fueron identificadas como anuales diferenciadas en gramíneas y latifoliadas; y las especies perennes encontradas fueron cebollín (Cyperus rotundus L.). Se implantaron dos asociaciones de cultivo: acelga-puerro y habas-lechuga en un diseño de parcelas distribuidas al azar (Test de Tukey 0,05%). Se evaluó el efecto sobre las arvenses de las dos asociaciones combinadas el tratamiento “barbecho” con polietileno y las coberturas durante el cultivo. En las condiciones del ensayo las asociaciones de cultivos no influyeron en el crecimiento de las arvenses (p=0,6). No se detectó interacción entre los ambientes precultivos y los tratamientos de cobertura en la biomasa de arvenses anuales: gramíneas y latifoliadas (p=0,6). Las coberturas de suelo durante el cultivo, paja y polietileno negro, fueron igualmente efectivas para disminuir la biomasa de arvenses anuales, independientemente de su tipo (p=0,003). La combinación de la práctica de barbecho anterior con polietileno y mulch de paja durante el cultivo terminó la biomasa de gramón (p=0,01) y cebollín (p=0,02) aunque no tuvo efecto sobre el crecimiento de lágrima (p= 0,5).In conventional agriculture, chemical fallow is an efficient practice to counteract the effect of weeds on the crop, although with risks of environmental impact. Agroecology proposes environmentally friendly management practices to reduce competition. The mulch technique has proven to be efficient and constitutes an agroecological manage ment option against the use of herbicides. This work proposed to evaluate the effect of a polyethylene cover prior to cultivation (“fallow”) and during cultivation as a cover (straw and polyethylene mulch) on weed biomass in an agroecological garden system. The weeds present were identified as annual: differentiating them into grasses and broadleaved and the perennial species found were: chives (Cyperus rotundus L.), gramón (Cynodon dactylon L.) and teardrop (Nothoscordum gracile). Two cultivation associations were implanted: (chard-leek) and (broad beans-lettuce) in a randomly distributed plot design (Tukey’s test < 0.05%). covers during cultivation. Under the test conditions, crop associations did not influence weed growth (p=0.6). No interaction was detected between the pre-cultivation envi ronments and cover treatments in the biomass of annual weeds: grasses and broadleafs (p=0.6). Ground cover during cultivation: straw and black polyethylene, were equally effective in reducing the biomass of annual weeds, regardless of their type (p=0.003). The combination of prior fallow practice with polyethylene and straw mulch during cultivation crop, decreased the biomass of grass (p=0.01) and chives (p=0.02) although they had no effect on tear growth (p=0.5).EEA PergaminoFil: Filippi, Mónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Agencia de Extensión Rural Chivilcoy; ArgentinaFil: Godoy, Ines. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino; ArgentinaFil: Rossi, Ana Laura. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Centro Regional Buenos Aires Norte; ArgentinaFil: Marcozzi, Paula. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Pedro. Agencia de Extensión Rural San Pedro; Argentin

Post-ABVD/pre-radiotherapy 18F-FDG-PET provides additional prognostic information for early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma: A retrospective analysis on 165 patients

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic role of both interim fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (i-(18)F-FDG-PET) and end-of-chemotherapy fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (eoc-(18)F-FDG-PET) in patients with early-stage Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). METHODS: We screened 257 patients with early-stage HL treated with combined modality therapy between March 2003 and July 2011. All were staged using fluorine-18 fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ((18)F-FDG-PET) before chemotherapy and after two doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine cycles (i-(18)F-FDG-PET); 165 patients were also evaluated by (18)F-FDG-PET at the end of chemotherapy (eoc-(18)F-FDG-PET). RESULTS: After revision, 85% of patients were negative for i-(18)F-FDG-PET and 15% were positive. After eoc-(18)F-FDG-PET revision, 23 patients had a positive scan. The median follow-up was 56 months. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for the whole cohort were 97.5% and 95.6%, respectively. For i-(18)F-FDG-PET-negative and i-(18)F-FDG-PET-positive patients, the 5-year PFS rates were 98% and 84%, respectively; for eoc-(18)F-FDG-PET-negative and eoc-(18)F-FDG-PET-positive patients, the 5-year PFS rates were 97% and 78%, respectively. Combining the i-(18)F-FDG-PET and eoc-(18)F-FDG-PET results, the 5-year PFS were 97%, 100% and 82% in negative/negative, positive/negative and positive/positive groups, respectively. The 5-year OS rates were 98% and 83% in eoc-(18)F-FDG-PET-negative and eoc-(18)F-FDG-PET-positive patients, respectively; the 5-year OS was 98%, 100% and 83% in negative/negative, positive/negative and positive/positive groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: This study provides additional information on the prognostic role of i-(18)F-FDG-PET and eoc-(18)F-FDG-PET in early-stage HL. As data are accumulating and the clinical scenario is rapidly evolving, we might need to rethink the use of (18)F-FDG-PET as a prognostic marker for early-stage HL in the near future. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE: This study provides additional information on the prognostic role of i-(18)F-FDG-PET and eoc-(18)F-FDG-PET in early-stage HL. On the basis of the present data, we may suggest to use eoc-(18)F-FDG-PET as a strong prognostic marker, especially for patients with i-(18)F-FDG-PET positivity

Producción agroecológica de batata para el gran cultivo y la huerta familiar

El cultivo de batata resulta de interés tanto para la producción familiar y autoconsumo como para su comercialización. Desde el punto de vista alimenticio tiene un enorme potencial como proveedor de energía, vitaminas y minerales, además de sus propiedades funcionales (prevención de enfermedades) gracias a su contenido de fibra y antioxidantes. Está considerado un alimento “casi perfecto” pues provee una comida ideal cuando se combina con proteínas y lípidos. La presente publicación ha sido elaborada como herramienta de capacitación y consulta. En la misma encontrarán información acerca de la producción del cultivo de batata en condiciones agroecológicas, dirigida tanto a la producción familiar de autoconsumo como a la pequeña empresa familiaEEA San PedroFil: Martí, Héctor Rubén. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Pedro; ArgentinaFil: Mitidieri, Mariel Silvina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Pedro; ArgentinaFil: Di Feo, Liliana del Valle. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Instituto de Investigación Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Segade, Gonzalo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Pedro; ArgentinaFil: Constantino, Armando. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria San Pedro; ArgentinaFil: Chiandussi, María Carla. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Coordinación Nacional ProHuerta; ArgentinaFil: Filippi, Mónica. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Pergamino. Agencia de Extensión Rural Chivilcoy; Argentin

Exploring in vivo multiple sclerosis brain microstructural damage through T1w/T2w ratio: a multicentre study

Objectives: To evaluate white matter and grey matter T1-weighted (w)/T2w ratio (T1w/T2w ratio) in healthy controls and patients with multiple sclerosis, and its association with clinical disability. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 270 healthy controls and 434 patients with multiple sclerosis were retrospectively selected from 7 European sites. T1w/T2w ratio was obtained from brain T2w and T1w scans after intensity calibration using eyes and temporal muscle. Results: In healthy controls, T1w/T2w ratio increased until 50-60 years both in white and grey matter. Compared with healthy controls, T1w/T2w ratio was significantly lower in white matter lesions of all multiple sclerosis phenotypes, and in normal-appearing white matter and cortex of patients with relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (p≤0.026), but it was significantly higher in the striatum and pallidum of patients with relapsing-remitting, secondary progressive and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (p≤0.042). In relapse-onset multiple sclerosis, T1w/T2w ratio was significantly lower in white matter lesions and normal-appearing white matter already at Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) <3.0 and in the cortex only for EDSS ≥3.0 (p≤0.023). Conversely, T1w/T2w ratio was significantly higher in the striatum and pallidum for EDSS ≥4.0 (p≤0.005). In primary progressive multiple sclerosis, striatum and pallidum showed significantly higher T1w/T2w ratio beyond EDSS=6.0 (p≤0.001). In multiple sclerosis, longer disease duration, higher EDSS, higher brain lesional volume and lower normalised brain volume were associated with lower lesional and cortical T1w/T2w ratio and a higher T1w/T2w ratio in the striatum and pallidum (β from -1.168 to 0.286, p≤0.040). Conclusions: T1w/T2w ratio may represent a clinically relevant marker sensitive to demyelination, neurodegeneration and iron accumulation occurring at the different multiple sclerosis phases

Epidemiology and economic burden of herpes zoster and post-herpetic neuralgia in Italy: A retrospective, population-based study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Data on the epidemiology and cost of herpes zoster (HZ) and post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) in Italy are limited. This retrospective, population-based study was designed to determine the incidence of HZ and the proportion developing PHN in Italy and the associated medical resource utilisation and costs. It focused primarily on immunocompetent patients aged ≥50 years who would be eligible for preventive vaccination.</p> <p>Method</p> <p>Data were extracted from a primary-care database and national hospital-discharge records covering four major regions in Italy for 2003-2005. Cases of HZ and PHN (1 and 3 months' duration; PHN1 and PHN3) were identified by ICD9-CM codes and, additionally for PHN, prescription of neuropathic pain medication.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Over 3 years, 5675 incident cases of HZ were documented in adults, of which 3620 occurred in immunocompetent patients aged ≥50 years (incidence of 6.31 per 1000 person-years [95% CI: 6.01-6.62]). Of the immunocompetent patients aged ≥50 years with HZ, 9.4% (95% CI: 8.2-10.7) and 7.2% (95% CI: 6.2-8.2) developed PHN1 and PHN3, respectively. Increasing age, female sex, and being immunologically compromised conferred increased risk for both HZ and PHN. Overall, about 1.3% of HZ and almost 2% of PHN cases required inpatient care, with 16.9% of all HZ-related hospitalisations due specifically to PHN. In patients aged ≥50 years, mean stay was 7.8 ± 5.4 days for HZ and 10.2 ± 8.6 days for PHN, and direct costs associated with inpatient care were more than 20 times outpatient costs per HZ case (mean ± SD: €2592 ± €1313 vs. €122.68 ± €97.51) and over 5 times more per episode of PHN (mean ± SD: €2806 ± €2641 vs. €446.10 ± €442.97). Total annual costs were €41.2 million, of which €28.2 million were direct costs and €13.0 million indirect costs.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>This study, the largest to date on the epidemiology and economic impact of HZ and PHN in Italy, confirms the considerable disease and economic burden posed by HZ. As HZ and PHN disproportionately affect the elderly, without intervention this problem is likely to grow as the proportion of elderly in the Italian population continues to increase.</p

Quantitative electroencephalography reveals different physiological profiles between benign and remitting-relapsing multiple sclerosis patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>A possible method of finding physiological markers of multiple sclerosis (MS) is the application of EEG quantification (QEEG) of brain activity when the subject is stressed by the demands of a cognitive task. In particular, modulations of the spectral content that take place in the EEG of patients with multiple sclerosis remitting-relapsing (RRMS) and benign multiple sclerosis (BMS) during a visuo-spatial task need to be observed.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The sample consisted of 19 patients with RRMS, 10 with BMS, and 21 control subjects. All patients were free of medication and had not relapsed within the last month. The power spectral density (PSD) of different EEG bands was calculated by Fast-Fourier-Transformation (FFT), those analysed being delta, theta, alpha, beta and gamma. Z-transformation was performed to observe individual profiles in each experimental group for spectral modulations. Lastly, correlation analyses was performed between QEEG values and other variables from participants in the study (age, EDSS, years of evolution and cognitive performance).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Nearly half (42%) the RRMS patients showed a statistically significant increase of two or more standard deviations (SD) compared to the control mean value for the beta-2 and gamma bands (F = 2.074, p = 0.004). These alterations were localized to the anterior regions of the right hemisphere, and bilaterally to the posterior areas of the scalp. None of the BMS patients or control subjects had values outside the range of ± 2 SD. There were no significant correlations between these values and the other variables analysed (age, EDSS, years of evolution or behavioural performance).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>During the attentional processing, changes in the high EEG spectrum (beta-2 and gamma) in MS patients exhibit physiological alterations that are not normally detected by spontaneous EEG analysis. The different spectral pattern between pathological and controls groups could represent specific changes for the RRMS patients, indicative of compensatory mechanisms or cortical excitatory states representative of some phases during the RRMS course that are not present in the BMS group.</p

Distinct Olfactory Cross-Modal Effects on the Human Motor System

BACKGROUND: Converging evidence indicates that action observation and action-related sounds activate cross-modally the human motor system. Since olfaction, the most ancestral sense, may have behavioural consequences on human activities, we causally investigated by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) whether food odour could additionally facilitate the human motor system during the observation of grasping objects with alimentary valence, and the degree of specificity of these effects. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In a repeated-measure block design, carried out on 24 healthy individuals participating to three different experiments, we show that sniffing alimentary odorants immediately increases the motor potentials evoked in hand muscles by TMS of the motor cortex. This effect was odorant-specific and was absent when subjects were presented with odorants including a potentially noxious trigeminal component. The smell-induced corticospinal facilitation of hand muscles during observation of grasping was an additive effect which superimposed to that induced by the mere observation of grasping actions for food or non-food objects. The odour-induced motor facilitation took place only in case of congruence between the sniffed odour and the observed grasped food, and specifically involved the muscle acting as prime mover for hand/fingers shaping in the observed action. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Complex olfactory cross-modal effects on the human corticospinal system are physiologically demonstrable. They are odorant-specific and, depending on the experimental context, muscle- and action-specific as well. This finding implies potential new diagnostic and rehabilitative applications

Search for heavy neutral lepton production in K+ decays

A search for heavy neutral lepton production in K + decays using a data sample collected with a minimum bias trigger by the NA62 experiment at CERN in 2015 is reported. Upper limits at the 10−7 to 10−6 level are established on the elements of the extended neutrino mixing matrix |Ue4| 2 and |Uμ4| 2 for heavy neutral lepton mass in the ranges 170–448 MeV/c2 and 250–373 MeV/c2, respectively. This improves on the previous limits from HNL production searches over the whole mass range considered for |Ue4|2 and above 300 MeV/c2 for |Uμ4|2