The social dimension of sustainable development

The chapter describes the main challenges for the social dimension of sustainable development, such as inequality, labour conditions and wages, meeting basic needs: food, housing, water, energy, education and health and power relations: political voice and peace and justice. Referring to Doughnut economics an additional difficulty is meeting the above-mentioned challenges without exceeding the ecological ceilings. The chapter in particular discusses issues related to the measurement of the social foundations of sustainable development. The study reviews the basic non-aggregated indicators describing the social dimension. These indicators are components for highly aggregated measures that take into account the social perspective, such as Happy Planet Index (HPI), Sustainable Development Index (SDI), Sustainable Society Index (SSI) or Better Life Index (BLI). The chapter presents both the methodological aspects of measurement and the current data for selected measures of social well-being

MIGRATION POLICY AS A FUNCTIONAL PLATFORM OF ECONOMIC INTEGRATION WITHIN THE EURASIAN ECONOMIC COMMUNITY

The article aims to analyze the effects of integration in the Eurasian Economic Community (Rus. Евразийское экономическое сообщество, ЕврАзЭС) through the prism of one of the functional areas, namely the migration policy, and treating it as a potential generator of spill-over effects. Signing and entry into force of the agreement on the legal status of migrant workers and members of their families, and the agreement on cooperation in the prevention of illegal migration from the third countries, marked the transition to a qualitatively new level of interstate relations. The removal of the borders within the Customs Union among Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus with the prospect of Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan joining in, will cause the borders and customs control to be moved to the external borders of EurAsEC. For successful and effective cooperation in this regard, not only some coordinating bodies should be created, but also there will be a need for coordinated work of national parliaments and the executive authority.</p

Labour productivity simulations in Ukrainian regions : analysis based on a gravitational growth model

The purpose of the article is to build a gravitational growth model of Ukrainian economy. The correlation of the labour productivity macroeconomic indicator and its empirical verification is considered. The article looks at recent research dealing with data analysis of region groups as of 2004-2017. To determine the conditions for economic development of the regions, the magnitude and the possible influence of the main macroeconomic factors were assessed. The methodology of gravity modelling makes it possible to study the significance of each individual factor on the basis of statistical information and to predict these factors within the context of possible scenarios. Methods of statistical analysis and econometric modelling were used to build a gravity model and to assess its statistical significance and forecasting ability for economy. The methodological principles of the gravity theory in the context of the set tasks involve studying both regional GDP indicators and the geographical location and remoteness from the capital. The paper presents the influence of two macroeconomic aggregates on the dynamics of economic development - labour productivity and physical capital per worker, with account of their relationship to gravitational effects. The economic analysis uses regional statistical data available on the website of the State Statistical Service of Ukraine. As a result, three main conclusions were formulated. First, 2001-2008 was the most favourable period for the development of Ukrainian economy (after the restoration of Ukraine's independence in 1991). Second, future strong positions of the Northern Ukraine were identified (Kyiv city, Kyiv region with account taken of the expected side effect). Third, a long-term one, to implement the regional development policy the volume of regional investment should be increased. In turn, investment attractiveness of the remote regions, with a relatively low expected economic polarization, will also increase

Comparative analysis of the Eastern European countries as participants of the new silk road

The chinese one belt one road (obor) initiative often referred to as the new silk road (nsr), seems to be the greatest endeavour of our times in terms of economy, politics and logistics. the study aimed to examine the potential of poland, belarus, lithuania, latvia, estonia and russia to participate in the nsr. the method applied was comparative analysis including both quantitative and qualitative studies. the juxtaposition of data from the intensity of global integration enabled assessment of the potential negative consequences of non-participation of the countries in the nsr. in turn, the analysis of specific indicators of trade integration, the intensity of global integration and the logistics performance of the researched part of europe has made it possible to answer the question about the most promising variants of the nsr

4C Mortality Score correlates with in-hospital functional outcome after COVID-19-associated ischaemic stroke

Aim of the study. The 4C Mortality Score was created to predict mortality in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 and has to date been evaluated only in respiratory system disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate its application in patients with COVID-19-associated acute ischaemic stroke (AIS).Clinical rationale for study. COVID-19 is a risk factor for AIS. COVID-19-associated AIS results in higher mortality and worse functional outcome. Predictors of functional outcome in COVID-19-associated AIS are required.Materials and methods. This was a retrospective observational study of patients with AIS hospitalised in seven neurological wards in Małopolska Voivodship (Poland) between August and December 2020. We gathered data concerning the patients’ age, sex, presence of cardiovascular risk factors, type of treatment received, and the presence of stroke-associated infections (including pneumonia, urinary tract infection and infection of unknown source). We calculated 4C Mortality Score at stroke onset, and investigated whether there was a correlation with neurological deficit measured using the National Health Institute Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and functional outcome assessed using the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) at discharge.Results. The study included 52 patients with COVID-19-associated AIS. The 4C Mortality Score at stroke onset correlated with mRS (rs = 0.565, p &lt; 0.01) at discharge. There was also a statistically significant difference in the mean 4C Mortality Score between patients who died and patients who survived the stroke (13.08 ± 2.71 vs. 9.85 ± 3.47, p = 0.04).Conclusions and clinical implications. 4C Mortality Score predicts functional outcome at discharge in COVID-19-associated AIS patients

Simulation of trajectories of labour productivity in polish regions : analysis based on gravity model of economic growth

The paper presents the essence of the gravity model of economic growth and the way of calibrating its parameters for the voivodeships in the years 2000-2014. Using the calibrated parameters of the model, numerical simulations were performed. These simulations were used to set the trajectories of labor productivity in the voivodeships in the years 2015-2050. Four different scenarios were considered in the numerical analysis (concerning the structure of investment rates in voivodeships and GDP growth rates of countries bordering Poland). Regardless of the scenario adopted in this analysis, a divergence of labor productivity at the level of the voivodeships would take place. This process would be stronger if the structure of investment rates were to remain at the level of the average for years 2000-2014 in individual voivodships, than if the investment rates were the same for all voivodeships. In addition, numerical simulations confirmed the hypothesis that faster economic growth of countries bordering Poland leads to faster labor productivity growth in all voivodeships.Dans cet article on présente l’essence du modèle de croissance économique gravitationnel de la croissance et la manière d’étalonner ses paramètres pour les voïvodies polonaises dans les années 2000-2014. En utilisant les paramètres calibrés du modèle on a utilisé des simulations numériques pour déterminer la trajectoire de la productivité du travail dans les voïvodies polonaises en période 2015-2050. Des analyses numériques ont été effectuées sur quatre scénarios différents concernant l’évolution des taux d’investissement dans les voïvodies polonaises et les taux de croissance du PIB des pays limitrophes de la Pologne. Quel que soit le scénario adopté en Pologne, il y aurait une divergence de la productivité du travail au niveau des voïvodies. Ce processus serait beaucoup plus efficace si la structure des taux d’investissement restait au niveau de la moyenne 2000-2014 pour les voïvodies individuelles par rapport à l’adoption des mêmes taux d’investissement pour toutes les voïvodies. De plus, des simulations numériques ont confirmé l'hypothèse selon laquelle une croissance économique plus rapide des pays limitrophes de la Pologne se traduirait par une croissance plus rapide de la productivité du travail dans toutes les voïvodies