Synthesis of heterogeneous enzyme-metal nanoparticle biohybrids in aqueous media and their applications in C-C bond formation and tandem catalysis

The straightforward synthesis of novel enzyme-metalNP nanobiohybrids in aqueous medium was developed. These new nanobiohybrids were excellent multivalent catalysts combining both activities in various sets of synthetic reactions even at ultra-low concentrations (ppb amount). © 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry.This research was supported by The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). Authors thank European Community (FP7-MULTIFUN) for the contract of M.M.Peer Reviewe

Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis in Childhood Vasculitis: A Perspective Comparative Pilot Study

Kawasaki disease (KD) and Henoch–Schönlein purpura (HSP) are the most frequent vasculitis in childhood. For both, a multifactorial mechanism has been hypothesised, with an abnormal immune response in genetically predisposed children. Gut microbiota (GM) alterations might trigger the hyperimmune reaction. Our aim was to explore the GM in KD and compare it with the GM of HSP and febrile children. Children diagnosed with KD, HSP and non-KD febrile illness (F) were enrolled. GM was profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and compared with the profiles of healthy children from previous studies. We enrolled 13 KD, 10 HSP and 12 F children. Their GM significantly differed from controls, with an overall reduction in the relative abundance of beneficial taxa belonging to the Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae families. Potential KD and HSP signatures were identified, including smaller amounts of Dialister in the former, and Clostridium and Akkermansia in the latter. Notably, the GM structures of KD, HSP and F patients stratified by abdominal involvement, with more severe dysbiosis in those suffering from intestinal symptoms. This is the first study analysing GM in a mostly Caucasian cohort of KD and HSP children. Our data could open up new opportunities for childhood vasculitis treatment

Simulation of wave propagation in three-dimensional random media

Quantitative error analysis for simulation of wave propagation in three dimensional random media assuming narrow angular scattering are presented for the plane wave and spherical wave geometry. This includes the errors resulting from finite grid size, finite simulation dimensions, and the separation of the two-dimensional screens along the propagation direction. Simple error scalings are determined for power-law spectra of the random refractive index of the media. The effects of a finite inner scale are also considered. The spatial spectra of the intensity errors are calculated and compared to the spatial spectra of intensity. The numerical requirements for a simulation of given accuracy are determined for realizations of the field. The numerical requirements for accurate estimation of higher moments of the field are less stringent

Combination of fecal calprotectin and initial coronary dimensions to predict coronary artery lesions persistence in Kawasaki disease

Kawasaki Disease (KD) is systemic vasculitis involving medium-sized vessels in children. The aim of our study is to determine if fecal calprotectin (FC) could be useful in predicting the development or persistence of coronary artery lesions (CALs) in KD. We conducted a prospective monocentric study including all consecutive diagnoses of. Clinical, laboratory, echocardiographic data were recorded during the acute and subacute phase, including FC. Correlations among laboratory values, FC, clinical manifestations, IVIG-responsiveness and CALs development were investigated. We enrolled 26 children (76.9% boys; median age 34.5 months). The combination of FC > 250 microg/g and z-score > 2 during the acute phase was associated with the persistence of CALs (p = 0.022). A z-score > 2 alone during the acute phase was not related to CALs during the subacute stage (p > 0.05). A neutrophil percentage > 70% and WBC > 15,000/mmc during the acute phase significantly correlated with the presence of CALs during the subacute phase (p = 0.008). C-reactive protein (CRP) > 13 mg/dL at KD onset was significantly associated with the presence of CALs during the acute (p = 0.017) and subacute phase (p = 0.001). The combination of FC > 250 microg/g and a z-score > 2 during the acute phase of KD may be used as a predictor of CALs persistence. It can be useful especially in children with an initial CRP < 13 mg/dl

Effects of Ti6Al4V mechanical and thermal surface modification on the adhesion of a chitosan-bioactive glass coating

Biomedical implants interact with human tissues introducing significant perturbation into the body. Implant surfaces can be then functionalized enabling better biocompatibility. At the same time, the additional use of a coating provides further functions such as corrosion protection, osteointegration, and drug delivery. In this context, a composite made of chitosan and bioactive glass nanoparticles has been used for coating Ti6Al4V alloy samples processed beforehand using different processes, i.e., polishing, milling, grit blasting, and electrical discharge machining. Experiments have been carried out to correlate substrate surface conditions and coating effectiveness in terms of scratch resistance with the final aim to obtain suitable guidelines to improve substrate-coating performances

Digital Drug Safety Surveillance: Monitoring Pharmaceutical Products in Twitter

Background: Traditional adverse event (AE) reporting systems have been slow in adapting to online AE reporting from patients, relying instead on gatekeepers, such as clinicians and drug safety groups, to verify each potential event. In the meantime, increasing numbers of patients have turned to social media to share their experiences with drugs, medical devices, and vaccines. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the level of concordance between Twitter posts mentioning AE-like reactions and spontaneous reports received by a regulatory agency. Methods: We collected public English-language Twitter posts mentioning 23 medical products from 1 November 2012 through 31 May 2013. Data were filtered using a semi-automated process to identify posts with resemblance to AEs (Proto-AEs). A dictionary was developed to translate Internet vernacular to a standardized regulatory ontology for analysis (MedDRA®). Aggregated frequency of identified product-event pairs was then compared with data from the public FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) by System Organ Class (SOC). Results: Of the 6.9 million Twitter posts collected, 4,401 Proto-AEs were identified out of 60,000 examined. Automated, dictionary-based symptom classification had 72 % recall and 86 % precision. Similar overall distribution profiles were observed, with Spearman rank correlation rho of 0.75 (p < 0.0001) between Proto-AEs reported in Twitter and FAERS by SOC. Conclusion: Patients reporting AEs on Twitter showed a range of sophistication when describing their experience. Despite the public availability of these data, their appropriate role in pharmacovigilance has not been established. Additional work is needed to improve data acquisition and automation

Desigualdades sociais e medidas de ação afirmativa: entre avanços, resistências, incompreensões e novos desafios

A igualdade, diversidade e inclusão social tornaram-se objetivos das sociedades ocidentais, promovidos e reivindicados por várias organizações e coletivos da sociedade civil, corroborados por estudos académicos e formalizados por diversas convenções e legislações. No entanto, as desigualdades persistem e as ideologias dominantes têm permanecido relativamente bem instaladas, contribuindo para a manutenção de sistemas estruturais de opressão, como o sexismo, o racismo, o classismo, a homofobia, o capacitismo, entre outros. Nestes termos, em diferentes contextos e regiões geográficas, os grupos denominados como minorias sociais têm-se organizado e desenvolvido ações políticas importantes que são contempladas nos debates sobre políticas públicas, quaisquer que sejam elas, desde que comprometidas com as suas exigências e trajetórias singulares. Estas reivindicações colocam a tónica na dimensão redistributiva (Fraser 2006) e de reconhecimento identitário (Phillips 2009), a fim de consolidar uma noção de justiça social (Fraser 2013).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Circulating Endothelial Cells: A New Possible Marker of Endothelial Damage in Kawasaki Disease, Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Acute SARS-CoV-2 Infection

Background: Kawasaki Disease (KD) and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) are pediatric diseases characterized by systemic inflammation and vascular injury, potentially leading to coronary artery lesions (CALs). Data on vascular injury occurring during acute COVID-19 (AC19) in children are still lacking. The aim of our study was to investigate endothelial injury in KD-, MIS-C- and AC19-dosing circulating endothelial cells (CECs). Methods: We conducted a multicenter prospective study. CECs were enumerated by CellSearch technology through the immunomagnetic capture of CD146-positive cells from whole blood. Results: We enrolled 9 KD, 20 MIS-C and 10 AC19. During the acute stage, the AC19 and KD patients had higher CECs levels than the MIS-C patients. From the acute to subacute phase, a significant CEC increase was observed in the KD patients, while a mild decrease was detected in the MIS-C patients. Cellular clusters/syncytia were more common in the KD patients. No correlation between CECs and CALs were found in the MIS-C patients. The incidence of CALs in the KD group was too low to investigate this correlation. Conclusions: Our study suggests a possible role of CECs as biomarkers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in KD and MIS-C and different mechanisms of vascular injury in these diseases. Further larger studies are needed

Morbid obesity and thyroid cancer rate. A review of literature

In the past three decades, several recent studies have analyzed the alarming increase of obesity worldwide, and it has been well established that the risk of many types of malignancies is increased in obese individuals; in the same period, thyroid cancer has become the fastest growing cancer of all malignancies. We investigated the current literature to underline the presence of a connection between excess body weight or Body Mass Index (BMI) and risk of thyroid cancer. Previous studies stated that the contraposition between adipocytes and adipose-resident immune cells enhances immune cell production of multiple pro-inflammatory factors with subsequent induction of hyperlipidemia and vascular injury; these factors are all associated with oxidative stress and cancer development and/or progression. Moreover, recent studies made clear the mitogenic and tumorigenic action of insulin, carried out through the stimulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphoinositide-3 kinase/AKT (PI3K/AKT) pathways, which is correlated to the hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia found in obese population. Our findings suggest that obesity and excess body weight are related to an increased risk of thyroid cancer and that the mechanisms that combine overweight with this cancer should be searched for in the adipokine pathways and chronic inflammation onset