AVALIAÇÃO DA ATIVIDADE ESTROGÊNICA EM EFLUENTE DA PECUÁRIA LEITEIRA: FASE SÓLIDA E LÍQUIDA

O efluente de dejetos em sistemas de confinamento animal pode ser responsável por um impacto ambiental, uma vez que, além desse efluente conter alta carga orgânica e nutrientes, ele pode apresentar micropoluentes como os Desreguladores Endócrinos. Essas substâncias são capazes de interagir com o sistema endócrino de seres humanos e animais, causando danos de diferentes magnitudes. Assim, este trabalho busca caracterizar as fases sólida e líquida do efluente da pecuária leiteira quanto à presença desses compostos e sua remoção no sistema de tratamento. O efluente analisado provém da fazenda experimental Embrapa Gado de Leite, localizada em Coronel Pacheco – MG, o qual foi submetido à um tratamento com biodigestor, seguido de lagoa de estabilização, sendo este recirculado para a limpeza da instalação. Foram realizadas 10 amostragens no período de Setembro de 2017 à Setembro de 2018 da fração liquida e sólida do efluente bruto e tratado. Para a quantificação da atividade estrogênica, foi utilizado o ensaio Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES). Verificou-se concentrações elevadas de estrogenicidade nos efluentes bruto e tratado, tanto da fase líquida quanto da fase sólida. Portanto, deve-se ter cautela no manejo desses efluentes necessitando de mais estudos para avaliar o potencial de contaminação do ambiente

Remoção da Atividade Estrogênica por Carvão Ativado

Endocrine Disrupters (ED) are substances that can affect human and animal health, even at low doses. Several studies conducted in environmental matrices have found these compounds in surface water and water treatment plants. The conventional water treatment most used method in Brazil has its limitations in the removal of some ED, although it is possible to promote the removal of ED when it’s allied to other technologies. Thus, in this study, the potential of granular activated carbon (GAC) was investigated as a technology for the removal of estrogenic activity in water. Characterization of the GAC was conducted regarding the methylene blue index, iodine number, and  zero charge point pH, in addition to physical-chemical analyzes of the water, which was doped with a mix of endocrine disruptors (estrone, 17ẞ-estradiol, 17-α-ethinylestradiol, and 4-n-nonylphenol). Batch adsorption tests were performed with the sample, with pre-defined mixtures of ED and GAC mass. The estrogenic activity was quantified after solid-phase extraction and subsequent Yeast Estrogen Screen test (YES). The studied coal had a deficiency in micro and mesopores. In addition, there was noticeable turbidity growth with the increase in the mass of the adsorbent used, even after sample filtration. There was a greater removal of estrogenic activity in proportion to the addition of greater amounts of GAC. It was concluded that the granular activated carbon is capable of removing estrogenic activity, however, it is necessary to seek an optimization of the system, by using smaller amounts of GAC for higher removal rates.Os Desreguladores Endócrinos (DE) fazem parte de uma classe de substâncias passíveis de causarem efeitos à saúde humana e de outros animais, mesmo em baixas concentrações. Diversos estudos conduzidos em matrizes ambientais já constataram a presença desses compostos em águas superficiais e em estações de tratamento de água. O tratamento de água convencional, método mais utilizado no país, possui limitações na remoção de alguns DE. Aliando-se a outras tecnologias, é possível promover a remoção dos DE. Assim, neste estudo, investigou-se o potencial do carvão ativado granular (CAG) como tecnologia     para a remoção da atividade estrogênica da água. Foi feita uma caracterização do CAG quanto ao Índice de Azul de Metileno, Número de Iodo e pH do Ponto de Carga Zero, além de análises físico-químicas da água, a qual foi dopada com uma mistura de desreguladores endócrinos (estrona, 17ẞ-estradiol, 17-α-etinilestradiol e 4-n-nonilfenol). Ensaios de adsorção em batelada foram realizados com a amostra, com concentrações pré-definidas da mistura de DE e massa de CAG. A atividade estrogênica das amostras foi quantificada após à extração em fase sólida e posterior bioensaio Yeast Estrogen Screen (YES). O carvão estudado apresentou deficiência em micro e mesoporos. Além disso, constatou-se aumento de turbidez com o aumento da massa de adsorvente empregado, mesmo após filtração da amostra. Houve maior remoção de atividade estrogênica proporcionalmente à adição de maiores quantidades de CAG. Conclui-se que o carvão ativado granular é capaz de remover a atividade estrogênica, contudo, é necessário buscar a otimização do sistema, ao usar menores quantidades de CAG para maiores taxas de remoção

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil

Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora