1,023 research outputs found
Things change: Women’s and men’s marital disruption dynamics in Italy during a time of social transformations, 1970-2003
We study women’s and men’s marital disruption in Italy between 1970 and 2003. By applying an event-history analysis to the 2003 Italian variant of the Generations and Gender Survey we found that the spread of marital disruption started among middle-highly educated women. Then in recent years it appears that less educated women have also been able to dissolve their unhappy unions. Overall we can see the beginning of a reversed educational gradient from positive to negative. In contrast the trend in men’s marital disruption risk appears as a change over time common to all educational groups, although with persisting educational differentials.determinants, educational differences, event history analysis, gender difference, Italy, marital disruption
O IMPACTO DA MUDANÇA DO PROCESSO DE ENSINOAPRENDIZAGEM TRADICIONAL PARA A METODOLOGIA ATIVA: UM RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA
As Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais propõe aos cursos de medicina um currĂculo baseado em competĂŞncias, onde os conteĂşdos das ciĂŞncias básicas e clinicas sĂŁo desenvolvidos de forma integrada com os problemas de saĂşde da população, alĂ©m de conter orientações para a adoção de metodologias de ensino centradas no aluno. Dessa forma, a Universidade do Grande Rio (Unigranrio) implementou em seu sistema de ensino os mĂ©todos ativos, uma concepção educativa na qual o estudante Ă© o principal agente na construção do conhecimento, cabendo ao professor o papel de ativador/mediador no processo de ensino-aprendizagem.Sendo assim, o presente estudo do tipo relato de experiĂŞncia teve como objetivos descrever a mudança do mĂ©todo tradicional de ensino para o ativo contemporâneo. Relatar a participação dos alunos no novo mĂ©todo e o compromisso do corpo docente na sua aplicação, alĂ©m de descrever e caracterizar a metodologia ativa aplicada. Constatou-se que as principais modificações feitas, em comparação ao mĂ©todo tradicional de ensino, foram a utilização de casos clĂnicos atravĂ©s de uma adaptação do mĂ©todo do Arco de Charles Maguerez, a avaliação de imagens radiolĂłgicas e a utilização de peças anatĂ´micas sintĂ©ticas. Alem disso, a análise histologia tornou-se informatizada mediante a utilização de programas. Foi tambĂ©m inaugurado o laboratĂłrio de vivencias, o que fez com que os acadĂŞmicos despendessem muito mais tempo nas atividades práticas do que em sala de aula. Os investimentos feitos pela universidade, tanto em metodologia de ensino como em recursos, promoveram a curiosidade discente, o incentivo Ă autonomia e Ă interdisciplinaridade, o desenvolvimento do espĂrito de equipe e a aplicação prática da teoria
History of adversity, health and psychopathology among prisoners: comparison between men and women
Adversity in childhood, risk behaviors
and psychopathology are highly prevalent phenomena
in inmate populations and have a strong
impact on health. Knowing the differences in these
variables between the sexes is most important in
order to develop appropriate intervention strategies
in a prison context. By administering the
Socio-demographic and Life History Questionnaire
and the Brief Symptoms Inventory, we
sought to characterize adverse childhood experiences
and relate them to risk behaviors and to
psychopathological symptoms, and study the differences
between the 65 male and 42 female detainees
in Portuguese prison establishments. Men
and women report a complex web of adversity in
childhood. In a range of ten possible categories, a
medium value of 5.05 (DP = 2.63) in total adversity
for women and 2.63 (DP = 2.18) for men was
encountered, with the prevalence being significantly
higher within the female population (Z =
-4.33; p = .000). A high prevalence of risk behaviors
and psychopathological symptoms was found
in both groups, the latter being higher among females.
We concluded that the differences between
men and women calls for in depth studies in order
to provide guidelines for intervention projects
in specific populations.Adversidade na infância, comportamentos
de risco e psicopatologia sĂŁo fenĂłmenos muito
prevalentes na população reclusa e com forte impacto
na saúde. Conhecer as diferenças entre sexos,
no que diz respeito a tais variáveis, é de elevada
importância no sentido de adequar estraté-
gias de intervenção em contexto prisional. Utilizando
o Questionário Sociodemográfico e Histó-
ria de Vida, o Questionário de Adversidade na
Infância e o Brief Symptons Inventory, procuramos
caracterizar a adversidade na infância, os
comportamentos de risco e as dimensões psicopatológicas,
e averiguar as diferenças entre 65 homens
e 42 mulheres reclusos em estabelecimentos
prisionais Portugueses. Homens e mulheres relatam
um quadro complexo de adversidade na infância.
Num total possĂvel de dez categorias, verificamos
uma média de adversidade total de 5.05
(DP = 2.63) para as mulheres e de 2.63 (DP =
2.18) para os homens, sendo a prevalĂŞncia significativamente
mais elevada junto da população
feminina (Z = -4.33; p = .000). Foi ainda encontrada
uma elevada prevalĂŞncia de comportamentos
de risco e de sintomatologia psicopatolĂłgica
em ambos os grupos, sendo esta Ăşltima superior
nas mulheres. ConcluĂmos que as diferenças entre
sexos devem ser estudadas para guiarem a adequação
dos projetos
Blockade of insulin-like growth factors increases efficacy of paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer.
Breast cancer remains the leading cause of cancer death in women owing to metastasis and the development of resistance to established therapies. Macrophages are the most abundant immune cells in the breast tumor microenvironment and can both inhibit and support cancer progression. Thus, gaining a better understanding of how macrophages support cancer could lead to the development of more effective therapies. In this study, we find that breast cancer-associated macrophages express high levels of insulin-like growth factors 1 and 2 (IGFs) and are the main source of IGFs within both primary and metastatic tumors. In total, 75% of breast cancer patients show activation of insulin/IGF-1 receptor signaling and this correlates with increased macrophage infiltration and advanced tumor stage. In patients with invasive breast cancer, activation of Insulin/IGF-1 receptors increased to 87%. Blocking IGF in combination with paclitaxel, a chemotherapeutic agent commonly used to treat breast cancer, showed a significant reduction in tumor cell proliferation and lung metastasis in pre-clinical breast cancer models compared to paclitaxel monotherapy. Our findings provide the rationale for further developing the combination of paclitaxel with IGF blockers for the treatment of invasive breast cancer, and Insulin/IGF1R activation and IGF+ stroma cells as potential biomarker candidates for further evaluation
Effect of severe plastic deformation on the biocompatibility and corrosion rate of pure magnesium
Analytical Validation and Clinical Qualification of a New Immunohistochemical Assay for Androgen Receptor Splice Variant-7 Protein Expression in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer.
Background The androgen receptor splice variant-7 (AR-V7) has been implicated in the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and resistance to abiraterone and enzalutamide.Objective To develop a validated assay for detection of AR-V7 protein in tumour tissue and determine its expression and clinical significance as patients progress from hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC) to CRPC.Design, setting, and participants Following monoclonal antibody generation and validation, we retrospectively identified patients who had HSPC and CRPC tissue available for AR-V7 immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis.Outcome measurements and statistical analysis Nuclear AR-V7 expression was determined using IHC H score (HS) data. The change in nuclear AR-V7 expression from HSPC to CRPC and the association between nuclear AR-V7 expression and overall survival (OS) was determined.Results and limitations Nuclear AR-V7 expression was significantly lower in HSPC (median HS 50, interquartile range [IQR] 17.5-90) compared to CRPC (HS 135, IQR 80-157.5; p<0.0001), and in biopsy tissue taken before (HS 80, IQR 30-136.3) compared to after (HS 140, IQR 105-167.5; p=0.007) abiraterone or enzalutamide treatment. Lower nuclear AR-V7 expression at CRPC biopsy was associated with longer OS (hazard ratio 1.012, 95% confidence interval 1.004-1.020; p=0.003). While this monoclonal antibody primarily binds to AR-V7 in PC biopsy tissue, it may also bind to other proteins.Conclusions We provide the first evidence that nuclear AR-V7 expression increases with emerging CRPC and is prognostic for OS, unlike antibody staining for the AR N-terminal domain. These data indicate that AR-V7 is important in CRPC disease biology; agents targeting AR splice variants are needed to test this hypothesis and further improve patient outcome from CRPC.Patient summary In this study we found that levels of the protein AR-V7 were higher in patients with advanced prostate cancer. A higher level of AR-V7 identifies a group of patients who respond less well to certain prostate cancer treatments and live for a shorter period of time
Evaluation of quality of life and photoplethysmography in patients with chronic venous insufficiency treated with foam sclerotherapy
Water-induced modulation of Helicobacter pylori virulence properties
While the influence of water in Helicobacter pylori culturability and membrane integrity has been extensively studied, there are little data concerning the effect of this environment on virulence properties. Therefore, we studied the culturability of water-exposed H. pylori and determined whether there was any relation with the bacterium’s ability to adhere, produce functional components of pathogenicity and induce inflammation and alterations in apoptosis in an experimental model of human gastric epithelial cells. H. pylori partially retained the ability to adhere to epithelial cells even after complete loss of culturability. However, the microorganism is no longer effective in eliciting in vitro host cell inflammation and apoptosis, possibly due to the non-functionality of the cag type IV secretion system. These H. pylori-induced host cell responses, which are lost along with culturability, are known to increase epithelial cell turnover and, consequently, could have a deleterious effect on the initial H. pylori colonisation process. The fact that adhesion is maintained by H. pylori to the detriment of other factors involved in later infection stages appears to point to a modulation of the physiology of the pathogen after water exposure and might provide the microorganism with the necessary means to, at least transiently, colonise the human stomach.FCT (SFRH/BD/24579/2005) (to NMG
- …