Impacts of Lake Victoria Level Fluctuations to Livelihoods Missungwi District Case Study

Lake Victoria experienced drastic levels changes in 2005 causing great inconveniences to lakeside communities. This study investigated effects of these changes on livelihoods through questionnaire surveys, focused group discussions, interviews and analysis of fish catches, diseases, crops, and lake levels data. Results indicate recession of levels had various socio-economic impacts. The changes caused severe water shortage due to drying up of shallow wells and a remarkable increase in prevalence of schistosomiasis because of increased utilization of lake water. There was no evidence for impact of level changes on malaria and diarrhea. Decline of water levels caused decline in fish catches due to retreat of water from breeding sites. However receding waters created a new land for cultivation which helped to boost Maize and sweet potatoes production. The results emphasize on ensuring stability of lake levels to avoid negative impacts on livelihoods and to maintain ecological integrity of the lake

ICT AN INDISPENSABLE TOOL IN EFFECTIVE GUIDANCE/COUNSELLING SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE EDUCATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN THE 21ST CENTURY IN IMO STATE, NIGERIA

The study investigated ICT as an indispensable tool in effective guidance/counselling services for sustainable educational development in secondary schools in the 21st century in Imo State, Nigeria. Three research questions with corresponding three null hypotheses were formulated for the study. The population of the study is the 314 guidance/counsellors in the 314 public secondary schools in Imo State, Nigeria. The purposive sampling technique was adopted in order to use the population as the sample. A self-designed instrument titled “ICT as an Indispensable Tool for Effective Guidance and Counselling Scale” (ICTITGCS). Face and content validities were ensured. The Cronbach alpha statistics was used to establish the reliability coefficient of 0.84. Mean, standard deviation was used to answer the research question while z-test statistics was used to test the null hypotheses at an alpha level of 0.05. It was found out that: ICT is used to get related information on students’ problems, ICT is used for quick analysis of students problems, ICT is used to interview students in order to elicit information, ICT allows quick access to students as needed, ICT provides on the spot report of interpretation of students problem, Students that are shy can convey their problems to the counsellor through ICT. Moreso, ICT use is hindered by lack of fund, lack of power supply, lack of ICT complaint guidance/counsellors. It was recommended among others that: Guidance and counselling centres in the school should endeavour to channel efforts in the use of ICT for information retrieval, interpretation of students problems and as well as to report  back to students  Article visualizations

PENGEMBANGAN KOMODITAS TANAMAN PANGAN POKOK SEHUBUNGAN DENGAN PERKEMBANGAN PERMUKIMAN KAWASAN IBUKOTA KABUPATEN KUPANG

This research has been conducted in East Kupang District, Kupang Regency with the aim of knowing the superior staple food crop commodities and analyzing the zone dynamics of staple food crops as a result of changes in residential areas (housing and infrastructure) in 2013 and 2018 using the Geographical Information System (GIS). . The results showed that rice and green beans were the main staple crops in East Kupang District with an average LQ coefficient of 2.36 for rice and 1.29 for green beans, assuming there was no change in technology. The dynamics of the land zone for staple food crop commodities in East Kupang Subdistrict in the period 2013 and 2018, showed changes in residential land use covering an area of ​​1,104.37 hectares or the growth rate for settlements increased by 0.084% while the rate of decline in agricultural land for staple food crops was 0.0095% which means the rate of settlement increase is faster than the rate of decline in agricultural land for staple food crops

Experiences With Surgical Treatment of Chronic Lower Limb Ulcers at a Tertiary Hospital in Northwestern Tanzania: A Prospective Review of 300 Cases.

Chronic lower limb ulcers constitute a major public health problem of great important all over the world and contribute significantly to high morbidity and long-term disabilities. There is paucity of information regarding chronic lower limb ulcers in our setting; therefore it was necessary to conduct this study to establish the patterns and outcome of chronic lower limb ulcers and to identify predictors of outcome in our local setting. This was a descriptive prospective study of patients with chronic lower limb ulcers conducted at Bugando Medical Centre between November 2010 and April 2012. Ethical approval to conduct the study was sought from relevant authorities. Statistical data analysis was done using SPSS version 17.0 and STATA version 11.0. A total of 300 patients were studied. Their ages ranged from 3 months to 85 years (median 32 years). The male to female ratio was 2:1. The median duration of illness was 44 days. Traumatic ulcer was the most frequent type of ulcer accounting for 60.3% of patients. The median duration of illness was 44 days. The leg was commonly affected in 33.7% of cases and the right side (48.7%) was frequently involved. Out of 300 patients, 212 (70.7%) had positive aerobic bacterial growth within 48 hours of incubation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.5%) was the most frequent gram negative bacteria isolated, whereas gram positive bacteria commonly isolated was Staphylococcus aureus (13.7%). Twenty (6.7%) patients were HIV positive with a median CD4+ count of 350 cells/μl. Mycological investigation was not performed. Bony involvement was radiologically reported in 83.0% of cases. Histopathological examination performed in 56 patients revealed malignancy in 20 (35.7%) patients, of which malignant melanoma (45.0%) was the most common histopathological type. The vast majority of patients, 270 (90.0%) were treated surgically, and surgical debridement was the most common surgical procedure performed in 24.1% of cases. Limb amputation rate was 8.7%. Postoperative complication rate was 58.3% of which surgical site infection (77.5%) was the most common post-operative complications. The median length of hospital stay was 23 days. Mortality rate was 4.3%. Out of the two hundred and eighty-seven (95.7%) survivors, 253 (91.6%) were treated successfully and discharged well (healed). After discharge, only 35.5% of cases were available for follow up at the end of study period. Chronic lower limb ulcers remain a major public health problem in this part of Tanzania. The majority of patients in our environment present late when the disease is already in advanced stages. Early recognition and aggressive treatment of the acute phase of chronic lower limb ulcers at the peripheral hospitals and close follow-up are urgently needed to improve outcomes of these patients in our environment

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PRODUKSI KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogaea L.) DI KECAMATAN KUPANG BARAT KABUPATEN KUPANG

This research was conducted in West Kupang District, particularly in Oenesu Subdistric and Kuanheun Village in November 2019. This research aimed to determine the amount of peanut production and the factors that affect the production of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The location of the research was purposively determined with respondents from 64 peanut farmers using the Slovenian formula.  The type of data collected was primary and secondary data. The collected data was then analyzed descriptively to find out the first object and using the analysis of the cobb-douglas function to find out the second object. The results showed that: (1) The total peanut production of the respondents in West Kupang subdistrict was 76. 70 kg for a total area of ​​6.137 acres with the highest production at 2.200 kg and the lowest at 500 kg with a productivity of 1.2 tons/ha (2) Based on the results of Cobb-Douglas production function analysis, land area and seed had a significant effect on peanut production. While labour, the age, education level and agricultural experience of the farmer had no significant influence on peanut production

Stress concentration factors of concrete-filled T-joints under in-plane bending : experiments, FE analysis and formulae

Experimental and numerical investigations on seven cold-formed steel square hollow section (SHS) T-joints with concrete-filled chords were conducted for the determination of stress concentration factors (SCFs). The SCFs were experimentally determined using strain gauges and then numerically determined using Abaqus finite element analysis (FEA) software under static in-plane brace bending. Good agreement was observed between the two investigations. After validating the FEA results, a parametric study was conducted on the SCFs of concrete-filled SHS-SHS T-joints using Abaqus FEA to evaluate the effects of the non-dimensional parameters on the SCFs. Subsequently, design formulae for predicting the SCF of concrete-filled SHS-SHS T-joints subjected to in-plane bending were proposed. Comparable results were obtained between the numerical SCFs with SCFs calculated from the proposed design equations. The maximum SCF of concrete-filled SHS T-joints under in-plane brace bending occurred at different locations. The overall mean of the experimental reduction percentage in peak SCF due to concrete infill is 22% and the overall mean of the numerical reduction percentage in peak SCF due to concrete infill is 19%. The determination of SCFs in concrete-filled SHS-SHS T-joints under in-plane bending has been the subject of little research, and more information regarding the behavior of concrete-filled T-joints with SHS under in-plane bending needs to be provided to practicing engineers

EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK DAUN SENDUDUK (Melastoma malabathricum L.) PADA PEMBUATAN ES BATU TERHADAP KEMUNDURAN MUTU IKAN TAMBAN (Sardinella fimbriata) DISIANGI DAN TIDAK DISIANGI

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of senduduk leaf extract in making ice cubes against the deterioration of the quality of weeded and uncontrolled pond fish. The method used in this research is the experimental method, with three treatments of making ice cubes and the addition of 15%, 20%, and 25% of senduduk leaf extract. The parameters observed in the study were the organoleptic test to determine the appearance of the eyes, gills, meat, smell, texture, and mucus. Then analyzed the kruskall wallis test using SPSS 25 to show that there was an effect on the deterioration of the quality of the pond fish. The results showed that the given senduduk leaf extract had no significant effect on the deterioration of the quality of pond fish that was weeded and without weeding with an average at P3 as the best treatment. Based on the results of the analysis using SPSS 25, the effectiveness of senduduk leaf extract did not show any significant effect on the deterioration of the quality of pond fish with P> 0.05

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KETERSEDIAAN PANGAN RUMAH TANGGA PETANI DI DESA WEHALI DAN DESA KLETEK KECAMATAN MALAKA TENGAH, KABUPATEN MALAKA

This research aimed to determine the availability of food in agricultural households and the duration of food consumption in households based on the potential availability of food and the factors which affect the availability of food in agricultural households in the Malaka District. The data used in this research were secondary and primary data obtained from interviews based on questionnaires. The samples were determined step by step (multi-stage random sample), whereby determined the district area randomly, so that the Central Malaka district was selected among the 12 existing districts. Next was the determination of the sample villages, namely the Wehali village and the Kletek village, and the last one was the determination of the sample farm households (respondents) using the Slovenian formula, so that a total of 84 respondents were obtained. The analysis to determine the availability of food in the households of the farmers was carried out by adding the production, support and then reducing the sales, consumption, seeds and retail, which were previously converted to Kcal. Then, the duration of consumption was determined by dividing the total calories (calorie requirements per capita) by the number of household members. In addition to analyzing the factors that affect food availability in agricultural households, using the regression analysis. The results of the analysis showed that the total food availability of farm households in Wehali Village in terms of production, purchases and donations was 135441095,2Kcal, while the Kletek Village was 272385073,3 Kcal. The total duration of food consumption for each village was 444 days for the village of Wehali and 525 days for the village of Kletek. Based on the regression results, it was also known that the factorsn affecting the availability of food in agricultural households in both villages were land area and income, both of which had a positive impact, while age, number of dependent people and mother's education did not have an impact on the availability of food in agricultural households

Experimental investigation of retrofitting techniques for steel bridge girders subject to fatigue failure

Fatigue failure is major concern for infrastructure due to the increasing number of steel structures reaching the end of their design life each year. Increased loadings, deterioration due to weathering, climate change and human error also negatively impact the design life. Rehabilitating steel bridge girders rather than replacing the existing structure can provide an option for an economical and sustainable future. This paper presents the results of an experimental study which implements a simple retrofitting technique to combat fatigue failure. The retrofitting technique is applied to girders which have incurred fatigue cracking within the bottom flange. Experimental tests are performed on a riveted tapered 120-year-old girder and a new prefabricated hot rolled girder. The results from the experimental tests showed that fatigue cracking within the bottom flange of girders can be easily rehabilitated to increase the girder’s capacity to that of their original design. By utilising this simple designed retrofitting technique, existing structures do not need to be replaced. The technique shown herein is a viable method for increasing the service life of steel girders providing for a sustainable future

ANALISIS PENDAPATAN DAN KEUNTUNGAN RELATIVE USAHATANI SAWI HIJAU (Brassica Juncea L ) DI DESA PAPE KECAMATAN BAJAWA KABUPATEN NGADA

This research was conducted in Pape Village, Bajawa Sub District, Ngada Regency in April 2019. The objectives of this study were: To determine the income of green mustard (Brassica Juncea L)  farming in Pape Village, Bajawa Sub District, Ngada Regency, determine the relative advantages of green mustard farming in Pape Village. Bajawa Sub District, Ngada Regency: knowing the BEP Production and BEP Prices for green mustard farming in Pape Village, Bajawa District, Ngada Regency.The method used in this research is the census method. because the population is small, namely 60 vegetable farmers. The types of data collected are primary data and secondary data.The results showed that: 1) The average area of ​​land ownership for vegetable farming was 17 acres. The labor used is labor in the family, the average cost of the mustard farmers is Rp. 5,540,228.The average income of the respondents was Rp. 29,632,689, with an R / C Ratio of Rp. 6,34, while the BEP of mustard farming production in Pape Village is 788.08 kg, and BEP Price is Rp. 1108,04