Induction of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) Envelope Specific Cell-Mediated Immunity by a Non-Homologous Synthetic Peptide

Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye

The ultrafiltration coefficient: this old 'grand inconnu' in dialysis

International audienc

Quantum adiabatic elimination at arbitrary order for photon number measurement

International audienceAdiabatic elimination is a perturbative model reduction technique based on timescale separation and often used to simplify the description of composite quantum systems. We here analyze a quantum experiment where the perturbative expansion can be carried out to arbitrary order, such that: (i) we can formulate in the end an exact reduced model in quantum form; (ii) as the series provides accuracy for ever larger parameter values, we can discard any condition on the timescale separation, thereby analyzing the intermediate regime where the actual experiment is performing best; (iii) we can clarify the role of some gauge degrees of freedom in this model reduction technique

Probabilistic exposure assessment to face and oral care cosmetic products by the French population

International audienceCosmetic exposure data for face and mouth are limited in Europe. The aim of the study was to assess the exposure to face cosmetics using recent French consumption data (Ficheux et al., 2016b, 2015). Exposure was assessed using a probabilistic method for thirty one face products from four lines of products: cleanser, care, make-up and make-up remover products and two oral care products. Probabilistic exposure was assessed for different subpopulation according to sex and age in adults and children. Pregnant women were also studied. The levels of exposure to moisturizing cream, lip balm, mascara, eyeliner, cream foundation, toothpaste and mouthwash were higher than the values currently used by the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS). Exposure values found for eye shadow, lipstick, lotion and milk (make-up remover) were lower than SCCS values. These new French exposure values will be useful for safety assessors and for safety agencies in order to protect the general population and the at risk populations. © 201

Seaweed consumption in France: Key data for exposure and risk assessment

Background: The dermatologist has to deal with many situations where the patient feels pain and must therefore know how to manage it. Summary: The aim of this review was to explore the treatments available to manage pain in dermatology in different circumstances, with an emphasis on pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions specifically studied in dermatology

Rapid response of a long-lived species to improved water and grazing management: the case of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) in the Camargue, France.

7 pagesInternational audienceAmong human activities, the effect of habitat management by grazing on population viability is ambiguous. Indeed, beneficial effects of grazing are expected by maintaining open meadows, but overgrazing is supposed to increase mortality by trampling. Grazing has been shown to negatively impact the survival of European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis) in the Camargue. Consequently, a new management plan was defined. We investigated the consequences of this management using capture-recapture methods to estimate variations of population sizes in this managed site and a control site over a 17 years period. Results show an increase of the number of adults and juveniles on the managed site after the management change. Our results suggest that improved water management with flooding in autumn provided better hibernation conditions, and that reduced grazing intensity in autumn/winter likely decreased the risk of trampling. Population size significantly increased in less than 4 years following the management change, probably by the relaxation of density-dependence. It is an original result for a long lived-species supposed to have an important time of resilience to perturbations

Physiological effects of repeated transport in pregnant goats and their offspring

Although pregnant farm animals can encounter different stressors on numerous occasions, studies on the physiological effects of repeated stress during gestation on females and their offspring are quite recent and still scarce. The present experiment was performed to study the effects of repeated transportations on some physiological parameters in pregnant goats and to determine whether repeated exposure to prenatal stress resulted in alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and the sympatho-adrenomedullary (SAM) system of their offspring. Twenty-six goats were assigned to one of two treatments during the last five weeks of gestation: 9 series of 55 min of transport (n = 13) or no transport (n = 13). During transport, the goats were physically and visually isolated from their congeners. Transport in isolation induced a large increase in plasma concentrations of cortisol, glucose and non-esterified fatty acids, which confirms that it is a very stressful situation for goats. Moreover, the goats did not become accustomed to the stressor. Gestation length, birth weight, litter weight and growth of the kids were not modified by treatment. Cortisol concentrations tended to be higher in prenatally stressed kids than in control kids 1 h after birth ($P < 0.10$) and the opposite was observed at 48 h of age ($P < 0.10$). Indeed, the decrease in cortisol concentrations between 1 and 48 h was greater in prenatally stressed kids than in control kids (time $\times$ treatment interaction, $P < 0.01$). The effect of prenatal stress on the HPA axis did not persist, since in older kids cortisol concentrations were not modified by treatment. At one month of age, prenatally stressed kids showed a higher medulla weight ($P < 0.05$) and tended to show a higher phenylethanolamine N-methyl transferase activity ($P < 0.10$) than control kids. Therefore, repeated transport in isolation is an important stressor in pregnant goats and can affect the HPA axis and the SAM system of their offspring.Effets physiologiques de transports répétés pendant la gestation chez la chèvre et le jeune chevreau. Alors que les animaux d'élevage rencontrent fréquemment des agents stressants pendant leur gestation, ce sujet a reçu peu d'attention. Nous avons étudié les effets de transports répétés sur certains paramètres physiologiques de chèvres gestantes et tenté de déterminer si l'exposition répétée à un stress prénatal entraîne des altérations de l'axe corticotrope et du système catécholaminergique de leurs chevreaux. Vingt-six chèvres ont été réparties dans deux traitements pendant les 5 dernières semaines de gestation : 9 transports de 55 min en étant physiquement et visuellement isolées de leurs congénères (n = 13) ou absence de transport (n = 13). Le transport en isolement a induit une augmentation importante des concentrations plasmatiques en cortisol, glucose et acides gras non-estérifiés, ce qui confirme que c'est un agent stressant important pour la chèvre. De plus, les chèvres ne se sont pas habituées au traitement. La durée de gestation, le poids de naissance et de portée et la croissance des chevreaux n'ont pas été modifiés. Les concentrations de cortisol ont eu tendance à être plus élevées chez les chevreaux stressés prénatalement (SPN) que chez les témoins 1 h après la naissance ($P < 0,10$) et l'inverse a été observé chez les chevreaux âgés de 48 h ($P < 0,10$). La diminution des concentrations de cortisol entre 1 h et 48 h a été plus importante chez les chevreaux SPN que chez les témoins (interaction temps $\times$ traitement : $P < 0,01$). L'effet du stress prénatal sur l'axe corticotrope n'a pas persisté chez les chevreaux plus âgés. À l'âge d'un mois, le poids de la médullo-surrénale a été plus élevé ($P < 0,05$) et l'activité de la phényléthanolamine N-méthyl transférase a eu tendance à être augmentée ($P < 0,10$) chez les chevreaux SPN par rapport aux témoins. Par conséquent, le transport répété en isolement est un agent stressant important chez la chèvre gestante et peut modifier l'axe corticotrope et le système catécholaminergique des chevreaux