Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a non-invasive alternative method used in the diagnosis and follow-up of acute branch retinal artery occlusion to show changes secondary to ischemia. We report a case with acute branch retinal artery occlusion. A 52-year-old man presented with a complaint of sudden-onset visual loss in the right lower quadrant of the left eye for the previous three days. Best-corrected visual acuity was 0.4 temporally. Inferonasal visual field deficit was detected with confrontation. Pupillary light reactions were normal in both eyes and there was no relative afferent pupillary defect. Dilated fundus examination revealed retinal lesion suggesting superior temporal branch retinal artery occlusion. He was treated with dextran 40 and pentoxifylline. Follow-up fundus fluorescein angiography could not performed because of chronic renal failure; OCTA demonstrated superficial and deep capillary non-perfusion areas and telangiectases in areas corresponding to the artery occlusion

The influence of vaginal progesterone on Uterine Artery Pulsatility Index

Objectives: Uterine artery Doppler is frequently used in the first trimester and it is one of the more effective measurement methods in the prediction of preeclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Progesterone is a hormone that is used quite frequently in various indications in obstetrics and gynecologic practice. We aimed to investigate the influence of progesterone on the uterine artery Doppler pulsatility index (PI) at 11–14 gestational weeks. Material and methods: This study is a retrospective case-control study conducted in Selcuk University Faculty of Medicine between January and December 2019. Uterine artery Doppler PI values of patients using progesterone were compared with PI values of patients not using progesterone. Uterine artery PI was measured two times, left and right. Then the mean PI was calculated. All measurements were made by two operators and by the same ultrasonography machine. Results: A total of 288 patients, 140 patients using progesterone and 148 patients not using progesterone were included in the study. Demographic characteristics were similar between the groups (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences between the groups in the right and left uterine artery PI values. There was no significant difference for average uterine artery PI between the groups (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Progesterone has no significant influence on uterine artery PI. However, more prospective studies in which all potential confounding factors are considered including serum progesterone levels are needed for this subject

Effect of re-approximation of the rectus muscles on diastasis recti abdominis at cesarean section — a prospective cross-sectional study

Objectives: Caesarean section (CS) is one of the most frequently performed surgical procedures in the world and Turkey. Inthis study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between re-approximation of the rectus muscles during CS and the severityof diastasis recti abdominis in the first postoperative month. To investigate the relationship between re-approximationof the rectus muscles during CS and the severity of diastasis recti abdominis in the first postoperative month.Material and methods: The study was designed as a prospective cross-sectional study. Patients were divided into twogroups: parietal peritoneum closure only (Group 1), and closure of the parietal peritoneum and re-approximation of rectusmuscle (Group 2). The distance between the rectus muscles and the thickest rectus muscle thickness were measuredone month after CS from three anatomic regions using superficial ultrasonography by the same blinded physician. Theanatomic regions were described as xiphoid, 3 cm above the umbilicus, and 2 cm below the umbilicus. The relation of themeasurements between the groups was evaluated.Results: There was a total of 128 patients, 64 in Group 1 and 64 in Group 2. There were no statistical differences betweenthe groups in terms of the distance between rectus muscles and the thickness of rectus muscle at the described anatomicregions (p > 0.05).Conclusion: Re-approximation of rectus muscles has no effect on the prevention of diastasis recti, which is an importantcosmetic problem

Evaluation of effectiveness of the containing energized oxygen molecules herbal product on the wound healing

Son yıllarda, tıbbi ve aromatik bitkilerin kullanımıyla ilgili ileri formülasyon teknolojilerinin gelişmesi ile birlikte bitkisel içerikli medikal ürünlere olan ilgi giderek artmaktadır. Geliştirilen bu ürünler, yara ve yanıkların tedavisini hızlı ve etkili bir şekilde gerçekleştirebilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, ilk kez enerjilendirilmiş oksijen molekülü içeren bitkisel içerikli ürünün yara iyileşme üzerindeki etkinliği in vitro ve in vivo çalışmalar ile değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, Hypericum perforatum L. tıbbi yağı ve enerjilendirilmiş oksijen molekülü içeren bazın biyolojik etkinliği belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışma sonuçları, enerjilendirilmiş oksijen molekülleri içeren bazın ve Hypericum perforatum L. tıbbi yağının patojen test mikroorganizmaları üzerinde antimikrobiyal etkinliğinin bulunduğunu ve insan dermal fibroblast hücreleri üzerinde toksik bir etkisinin bulunmadığını göstermiştir. Enerjilendirilmiş oksijen molekülü içeren bitkisel içerikli ürünün ikinci derece derin yanıklarda etkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Ürünün yara iyileştirici etkinliğinin antimikrobiyal, antifungal, antioksidan ve hücre proliferasyonunu artırıcı etkisi sayesinde gerçekleştiği düşünülmektedir. İleride yapılacak klinik çalışmalar doğrultusunda ürün ikinci derece yanıkların tadavisinde kullanılabilme potansiyeline sahiptir.In recent years, the interest in herbal medicinal products has been increasing with the development of advanced formulation technologies related to the use of the medicinal and aromatic plants. These developed products are used to treat wounds and burns quickly and effectively. In this study, the effectiveness of containing energized oxygen molecules herbal product on wound healing was evaluated by in vitro and in vivo studies for the first time. Within the scope of the study, the biological activities of Hypericum perforatum L. medicinal oil, energized oxygen molecules base were determined. Results of this study showed that the base containing energized oxygen molecules and the medicinal oil of Hypericum perforatum L. had antimicrobial activity on pathogen test microorganisms and did not have a toxic effect on human dermal fibroblast cells. It has been determined that the herbal product containing energized oxygen molecule is effective in second degree deep burns. It is thought that the wound-healing effect of the product is realized thanks to its antimicrobial, antifungal, antioxidant and cell proliferation-increasing effect. In line with future clinical studies, the product has the potential to be used in the treatment of second-degree burns

2D-Quantitative structure-activity relationship modeling for risk assessment of pharmacotherapy applied during pregnancy

PMID: 37082782WOS:000978986300001The risk evaluation for pharmacological therapy during pregnancy is critical for maternal and fetal health. The initial risk assessment stage, the risk measurement, begins with pregnancy-labeling categories (A, B, C, D, and X) for pharmaceuticals defined by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Recently, in silico methods have been preferred in toxicology studies to eliminate ethical issues before conducting clinical toxicology studies and animal experiments. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling is one of the in silico methodologies. The research focuses on creating a QSAR model that predicts the five FDA pregnancy categories of medications. Our dataset included 868 pharmaceuticals, containing nearly every pharmacological group collected from the FDA. 2D-molecular descriptors were calculated using PaDEL software. Twenty-four QSAR models were developed, and the best four models were discussed. The results of the models were compared according to sensitivity, accuracy, F-score, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) values, and Matthews correlation coefficient. Considering the statistical results, random forest is the best model for determining the pregnancy risk category of drugs. The accuracy of the model was 76.49% for internal and 93.58% for external validation. According to the kappa statistics, there is an average agreement of 0.583 for internal validation and a perfect agreement of 0.893 for external validation. Because the error rates of the model are very close to 0, the model is highly accurate. Consequently, our novel QSAR model gives guidance on the safe use of pharmaceuticals during pregnancy without requiring animal tests or clinical trials on pregnant women

In silico QSAR modeling to predict the safe use of antibiotics during pregnancy

WOS:000843089800001 PubMed ID:35993594The use of medicines during pregnancy is a growing public health concern due to the risk of developmental toxicity. Healthcare providers heavily rely on the FDA pregnancy risk categories (A, B, C, D, and X). Antibiotics are among the most prescribed drugs during pregnancy and are often listed under category B or C. However, the risk-benefit assessment may be lacking due to challenges in the clinical toxicology studies on pregnant women, such as ethical concerns. The primary focus of this study is to generate a model that predicts the safe use of antibiotics during pregnancy by using in silico approaches. Thus, a QSAR model was created to assess the FDA pregnancy category (B or C) of antibiotics. The dataset consisted of 97 antibiotics obtained from the FDA. A total of 6420 molecular descriptors were determined via multiple software and various machine learning algorithms were utilized. The performance of the models was measured using internal and external validation. The accuracy (ACC) values of the most successful model were 83.82% for the internal and 94.11% for the external validation. Sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), MCC, and ROC values were 0.878, 0.778, 0.68, and 0.892 for the internal validation and 0.9, 1, 0.887, and 0.936 for the external validation, respectively. Kappa statistics also indicate that there was a substantial agreement for internal validation with 0.6765 and an almost perfect agreement for external validation with 0.8811. In conclusion, our model can be used as an initial step before pre-clinical and clinical studies to predict the safe use of antibiotics in pregnancy

Arapça Aslından Yapılan İlk İngilizce Kur'ân Tercümesi: George Sale'in The Koran’ı

Bu makalede Arapça aslından İngilizceye yapılan ilk Kur’ân tercümesi olarak literatüre geçen İngiliz oryantalist George Sale’in The Koran adlı çalışması analiz edilmektedir. Makale, İngilizce Kur’ân tercümelerinin analizine dair Türkçe literatürde yok denecek kadar az çalışma bulunduğu tespitinden hareket etmektedir. Çalışmanın varsayımı, İslam’ın temel kaynağı Kur’ân’ın İngilizce tercümelerinin, ortaya çıktığı dönemin İslam ve Kur’ân algısına ilişkin önemli veriler sunacağı gibi bu literatürün müteakip dönemi de etkileme potansiyeline sahip olduğudur. Buradan hareketle, kronolojik bir okumanın gerekliliği de düşünülerek, içerdiği 187 sayfalık geniş mukaddimesi ile birlikte The Koran’ın tetkik edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Sale’in tercümesinin kronolojik önceliğe sahip olmasının yanı sıra müteakip literatürü de etkilediği yönündeki veriler, bu makalenin önemini ortaya koyan hususlar olarak öne çıkmıştır. Böylece sonraki dönemlerde daha akademik bir zeminde gerçekleştirilen İslam’a ve Kur’ân’a yönelik oryantalist araştırmalara etki etmesi muhtemel eserlerin mercek altına alınmayı hak ettiği, haklı bir tez olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu arka planda öncelikle Sale’in hayatına dair sınırlı bilgiler ve tercümesinde atıf yaptığı geniş literatür paylaşılmaktadır. Tercümede Latince, Arapça, İngilizce ve Fransızca çok sayıda kaynağa referans verilmektedir. Buna rağmen söz konusu kaynakların tamamının Sale’in elinde bulunmadığı, onun bu noktada özellikle Ludovico Marracci tarafından kaleme alınan Latince tercümeden yararlandığı yönündeki tespitler ele alınmaktadır. Sale tercümede literal çeviriye büyük oranda bağlı kalmakta ve ayetlere yaptığı ilâve izahları metnin aslından ayırmak amacıyla italik olarak vermektedir. Ancak onun ilave izahları italik olarak verme hassasiyetini zaman zaman koruyamadığı fark edilmektedir. Tercümenin, her sayfasında yer alan detaylı dipnotlarıyla bir “meal-tefsir” özelliğine sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca ayetlerin izahında gerek Kitâb-ı Mukaddes’e gerekse bazı mitolojik anlatılara yapılan atıflar, Sale’in bazen metinlerarası bir perspektifle izahlar yaptığını göstermektedir. Eserin mukaddime kısmı, Kur’ân tercümesinde izlenilen metoda ilişkin bir bilgi vermemektedir. Cahiliye dönemi Araplarının dinî, sosyokültürel ve ekonomik durumları, İslam’ın gelmesiyle birlikte ortaya çıkan gelişmeler, imanın ve İslam’ın şartları, Kur’ân’ın kelime anlamı, genel özellikleri, edebî yapısı, cem’i ve istinsahı gibi pek çok konuya ayrıntılı olarak değinilmektedir. Bu itibarla mukaddimenin Kur’ân tercümesine yazılan bir içerikten daha fazlasını ifade ettiği gözlenmektedir. Mukaddimede Kur’ân özelinde yapılan değerlendirmelere bakıldığında, Kur’ân’ın yapısal özelliklerinden ritüellere kadar pek çok konuda Yahudilikten etkilendiği tezi ortaya atılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda makalenin önemli bulgularından birisi de mukaddimede ortaya atılan Yahudi köken iddialarının tercüme ve dipnotlara hemen hiç yansımaması olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Söz gelimi abdest, teyemmüm, hurûf-ı mukatta‘a gibi pek çok konuya ilişkin ayetlerin dipnotlarında mukaddime kısmında değinilen Yahudi köken iddialarına dair hemen hiçbir veri yer almamakta yalnızca mukaddimedeki ilgili bölüme atıfla yetinilmektedir. Diğer yandan Sale pek çok yerde Envâru’t-Tenzîl, Celâleyn, Keşşâf gibi tefsirlerdeki izahları neredeyse motamot vermektedir. Sale’in teslis ve Garânîk olayıyla ilişkilendirilen ayetlerin izahında bile aynı tutumu sergilediği açıkça görülmektedir. Gerek tercüme kısımda yer alan italik izahlarda gerekse dipnotlarda Beydâvî’ye verdiği referanslarda mütercimin elinde bulunan Beydâvî tefsirini kullandığı anlaşılmaktadır. Elinde bulunmayan diğer tefsirlere yönelik atıflarının ise içerik olarak Marracci’nin tercümesindeki atıflarla örtüşmesi, Sale’in tercümesindeki Marracci etkisini gösteren önemli bir bulgu olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yine de Sale’in tercümesini Marracci’nin “Kur’ân’a reddiye” amacıyla kaleme aldığı Latince tercümesinin İngilizceye çevirisi mesabesine indirgemenin doğru olmadığını ifade etmeliyiz. Zira her sureye müstakil bir reddiye kısmı ekleyen Marracci’nin aksine Sale’in gerek tercümede gerekse dipnotlarda ilmî bir içerik ve üslup gözetme gayreti içinde olduğu açıkça görülmektedir. Bu bağlamda tercümenin mukaddimesi ile tercüme kısmı arasında iki farklı Sale ortaya çıkmaktadır: Oryantalist Sale ve mütercim Sale. Neticede İngilizce Kur’ân tercümelerinin tarihî serencamına dair bir incelemenin ilk inisiyatifini ifade eden bu makale, Sale’in tercümesinin müteakip tercümelere ya da daha genel anlamda oryantalistik literatüre etkisinin de araştırılmayı hak eden bir konu olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Bu bağlamda tercüme literatürüne ilişkin yapılacak müteakip çalışmaların Batı’nın Kur’ân algısında Kur’ân tercümelerinin yerine dair daha kapsamlı veriler sunacağı öngörülmektedir

Doludizgin Aysel Gürel

Ankara : İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent Üniversitesi İktisadi, İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, 2018.This work is a student project of the Department of History, Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences, İhsan Doğramacı Bilkent University.The History of Turkey course (HIST200) is a requirement for all Bilkent undergraduates. It is designed to encourage students to work in groups on projects concerning any topic of their choice that relates to the history of Turkey. It is designed as an interactive course with an emphasis on research and the objective of investigating events, chronologically short historical periods, as well as historic representations. Students from all departments prepare and present final projects for examination by a committee, with 10 projects chosen to receive awards.Includes bibliographical references (page 14).by Abdürrahim Özer

Determination of distress, emotional eating and internalized weight bias levels of Turkish pregnant women

This study was conducted to determine the stress, emotional eating and weight bias levels of Turkish pregnant women. The study sample was composed of 210 pregnant women, who met the research inclusion criteria and admitted to the obstetrics and gynaecology outpatient clinics of Bingol Hospital for Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Research data were collected between December 2018 and June 2019, using face-to-face interview technique. Personal Information Form, Tilburg Pregnancy Distress Scale (TPDS), Internalised Weight Bias Scale (IWBS), and Emotional Eating sub-scale items of the Netherlands Eating Behaviour Questionnaire used to collect data. In our study, 47.9% of pregnant women were found to be overweight or obese according to the pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) average. Pregnant women experience a moderate level of stress, emotional eating and weight bias. It was found that there was a statistically significant relationship between the weight bias score averages and the emotional eating and stress score averages of the pregnant women (p < .05). In our study, stress, emotional eating and weight bias score averages of pregnant women in the 3rd trimester were found to be higher than that of the pregnant women in the 2nd trimester (p < .05). It has been determined that nearly 1in 2 pregnant women was overweight or obese, when BMI level of the women increased, weight stigma and emotional eating of them also increased.IMPACT STATEMENT What is already known on this subject? To be overweight or obese pre-pregnancy is risk for pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes. What do the results of this study add? It is important to inform nurses about the relationship between stress, weight bias, eating disorders, and obesity; moreover, care should be providing with the awareness that pregnant women with obesity are at greater risk in terms of these factors. It is of great importance to provide the necessary training and counselling by nurses to ensure the psychological adaptation of pregnant women to childbirth and the postpartum period. Besides, any disadvantage or disparity between overweight and obese pregnant women in the care process should be eliminated, and all pregnant women, regardless of their body size, should have equal access to supportive prenatal and postnatal care. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? It is of great importance to providing training and consultation by nurses on coping with stress and stigma and eating during pregnancy in order to ensure psychological adjustment of the pregnant women to childbirth and the postpartum period, which are at risk in terms of stress, emotional eating and weight bias factors