149 research outputs found
Characterization of aluminum, aluminum oxide and titanium dioxide nanomaterials using a combination of methods for particle surface and size analysis
International audienceThe application of appropriate analytical techniques is essential for nanomaterial (NM) characterization. In this study, we compared different analytical techniques for NM analysis. Regarding possible adverse health effects, ionic and particulate NM effects have to be taken into account. As NMs behave quite differently in physiological media, special attention was paid to techniques which are able to determine the biosolubility and complexation behavior of NMs. Representative NMs of similar size were selected: aluminum (Al 0) and aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3), to compare the behavior of metal and metal oxides. In addition, titanium dioxide (TiO 2) was investigated. Characterization techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) were evaluated with respect to their suitability for fast characterization of nanoparticle dispersions regarding a particle's hydrodynamic diameter and size distribution. By application of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the single particle mode (SP-ICP-MS), individual nanoparticles were quantified and characterized regarding their size. SP-ICP-MS measurements were correlated with the information gained using other characterization techniques, i.e. transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The particle surface as an important descriptor of NMs was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). NM impurities and their co-localization with biomolecules were determined by ion beam microscopy (IBM) and confocal Raman microscopy (CRM). We conclude advantages and disadvantages of the different techniques applied and suggest options for their complementation. Thus, this paper may serve as a practical guide to particle characterization techniques
High throughput toxicity screening and intracellular detection of nanomaterials
EC FP7 NANoREG (Grant Agreement NMP4-LA-2013-310584)Free PMC Article: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5215403/With the growing numbers of nanomaterials (NMs), there is a great demand for
rapid and reliable ways of testing NM safety—preferably using in vitro
approaches, to avoid the ethical dilemmas associated with animal research. Data
are needed for developing intelligent testing strategies for risk assessment of
NMs, based on grouping and read-across approaches. The adoption of high
throughput screening (HTS) and high content analysis (HCA) for NM toxicity
testing allows the testing of numerous materials at different concentrations and
on different types of cells, reduces the effect of inter-experimental variation, and
makes substantial savings in time and cost.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Risk Governance of Emerging Technologies Demonstrated in Terms of its Applicability to Nanomaterials
Nanotechnologies have reached maturity and market penetration that require nano-specific changes in legislation and harmonization among legislation domains, such as the amendments to REACH for nanomaterials (NMs) which came into force in 2020. Thus, an assessment of the components and regulatory boundaries of NMs risk governance is timely, alongside related methods and tools, as part of the global efforts to optimise nanosafety and integrate it into product design processes, via Safe(r)-by-Design (SbD) concepts. This paper provides an overview of the state-of-the-art regarding risk governance of NMs and lays out the theoretical basis for the development and implementation of an effective, trustworthy and transparent risk governance framework for NMs. The proposed framework enables continuous integration of the evolving state of the science, leverages best practice from contiguous disciplines and facilitates responsive re-thinking of nanosafety governance to meet future needs. To achieve and operationalise such framework, a science-based Risk Governance Council (RGC) for NMs is being developed. The framework will provide a toolkit for independent NMs' risk governance and integrates needs and views of stakeholders. An extension of this framework to relevant advanced materials and emerging technologies is also envisaged, in view of future foundations of risk research in Europe and globally
Differences of temporal dynamics and signal complexity of gamma band oscillations in first-episode psychosis during a working memory task
Distribution of common peptide YY-neuropeptide Y receptor along rat intestinal villus-crypt axis
Spontaneous neuronal hyperactivity in the medial and intralaminar thalamic nuclei of patients with deafferentation pain
The receptor potential and its functional relationship to the nerve impulse analysed in a sense organ by means of thermal and electrical stimuli
Dipeptidyl peptidase IV expression in rat jejunal crypt-villus axis is controlled at mRNA level
Methods for microstimulation and recording of single neurons and evoked potentials in the human central nervous system
- …