Capsaicin’s Inhibition Effects on Biofilm Aerococcus Viridans

Introduction: Aerococci has colony shape with Streptococcus viridans, so that it is usually missdiagnosed between of them. It has high difficulty on its identification, because it is rarely to be found and resistant of Antibiotic grup, called penicilin and vancomycin. Material and Method: This research used two kinds of samples, such as: fried food sold on the road and toothbrush obtained from ten respondens. Then, it needs inducing its biofilm and measuring by Tissue Culture Plate (TCP) methode and ELISA. Result: ANOVA one-way revealed that extract capsaicin has anti biofilm effect on 12.5% concentration with p=0,0000 (p<0,05) among each group. Conclusion: Extract capsaicin can be used as an alternative herbal agent to treat infection caused by Aerococcus viridans because it has antibiofilm effect. As known before, biofilm causes antibiotic resistance to treat Aerococcus viridans’s infection

Functional differences between human NKp44- and NKp44+ RORC+ innate lymphoid cells

Human RORC+ lymphoid tissue inducer cells are part of a rapidly expanding family of innate lymphoid cells (ILC) that participate in innate and adaptive immune responses as well as in lymphoid tissue (re) modeling. The assessment of a potential role for innate lymphocyte-derived cytokines in human homeostasis and disease is hampered by a poor characterization of RORC+ innate cell subsets and a lack of knowledge on the distribution of these cells in adults. Here we show that functionally distinct subsets of human RORC+ innate lymphoid cells are enriched for secretion of IL-17a or IL-22. Both subsets have an activated phenotype and can be distinguished based on the presence or absence of the natural cytotoxicity receptor NKp44. NKp44+ IL-22 producing cells are present in tonsils while NKp44- IL-17a producing cells are present in fetal developing lymph nodes. Development of human intestinal NKp44+ ILC is a programmed event that is independent of bacterial colonization and these cells colonize the fetal intestine during the first trimester. In the adult intestine, NKp44+ ILC are the main ILC subset producing IL-22. NKp44- ILC remain present throughout adulthood in peripheral non-inflamed lymph nodes as resting, non-cytokine producing cells. However, upon stimulation lymph node ILC can swiftly initiate cytokine transcription suggesting that secondary human lymphoid organs may function as a reservoir for innate lymphoid cells capable of participating in inflammatory responses

Repeat Placental Growth Factor-Based Testing in Women With Suspected Preterm Preeclampsia: A Stratified Analysis of the PARROT-2 Trial

BACKGROUND: PlGF (placental growth factor)-based testing reduces severe maternal adverse outcomes. Repeat PlGF-based testing is not associated with improved perinatal or maternal outcomes. This planned secondary analysis aimed to determine whether there is a subgroup of women who benefit from repeat testing. METHODS: Pregnant individuals with suspected preterm preeclampsia were randomized to repeat revealed PlGF-based testing, compared with usual care where testing was concealed. Perinatal and maternal outcomes were stratified by trial group, by initial PlGF-based test result, and by PlGF-based test type (PlGF or sFlt-1 [soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1]/PlGF ratio). RESULTS: A total of 1252 pregnant individuals were included. Abnormal initial PlGF-based test identified a more severe phenotype of preeclampsia, at increased risk of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Repeat testing was not significantly associated with clinical benefit in women with abnormal initial results. Of women with a normal initial result, 20% developed preeclampsia, with the majority at least 3 to 4 weeks after initial presentation. Repeat test results were more likely to change from normal to abnormal in symptomatic women (112/415; 27%) compared with asymptomatic women (163/890; 18%). A higher proportion of symptomatic women who changed from normal to abnormal were diagnosed with preeclampsia, compared with asymptomatic women. CONCLUSIONS: Our results do not demonstrate evidence of the clinical benefit of repeating PlGF-based testing if the initial result is abnormal. Judicious use of repeat PlGF-based testing to stratify risk may be considered at least 2 weeks after a normal initial test result, particularly in women who have symptoms or signs of preeclampsia. REGISTRATION: URL: XXX; Unique identifier: ISRCTN85912420

Research priorities in regional anaesthesia: an international Delphi study

Background: Regional anaesthesia use is growing worldwide, and there is an increasing emphasis on research in regional anaesthesia to improve patient outcomes. However, priorities for future study remain unclear. We therefore conducted an international research prioritisation exercise, setting the agenda for future investigators and funding bodies. Methods: We invited members of specialist regional anaesthesia societies from six continents to propose research questions that they felt were unanswered. These were consolidated into representative indicative questions, and a literature review was undertaken to determine if any indicative questions were already answered by published work. Unanswered indicative questions entered a three-round modified Delphi process, whereby 29 experts in regional anaesthesia (representing all participating specialist societies) rated each indicative question for inclusion on a final high priority shortlist. If ≥75% of participants rated an indicative question as ‘definitely’ include in any round, it was accepted. Indicative questions rated as ‘definitely’ or ‘probably’ by &lt;50% of participants in any round were excluded. Retained indicative questions were further ranked based on the rating score in the final Delphi round. The final research priorities were ratified by the Delphi expert group. Results: There were 1318 responses from 516 people in the initial survey, from which 71 indicative questions were formed, of which 68 entered the modified Delphi process. Eleven ‘highest priority’ research questions were short listed, covering themes of pain management; training and assessment; clinical practice and efficacy; technology and equipment. Conclusions: We prioritised unanswered research questions in regional anaesthesia. These will inform a coordinated global research strategy for regional anaesthesia and direct investigators to address high-priority areas

Clinical and molecular consequences of disease-associated de novo mutations in SATB2

Purpose: To characterize features associated with de novo mutations affecting SATB2 function in individuals ascertained on the basis of intellectual disability. Methods: Twenty previously unreported individuals with 19 different SATB2 mutations (11 loss-of-function and 8 missense variants) were studied. Fibroblasts were used to measure mutant protein production. Subcellular localization and mobility of wild-type and mutant SATB2 were assessed using fluorescently tagged protein. Results: Recurrent clinical features included neurodevelopmental impairment (19/19), absent/near absent speech (16/19), normal somatic growth (17/19), cleft palate (9/19), drooling (12/19), and dental anomalies (8/19). Six of eight missense variants clustered in the first CUT domain. Sibling recurrence due to gonadal mosaicism was seen in one family. A nonsense mutation in the last exon resulted in production of a truncated protein retaining all three DNA-binding domains. SATB2 nuclear mobility was mutation-dependent; p.Arg389Cys in CUT1 increased mobility and both p.Gly515Ser in CUT2 and p.Gln566Lys between CUT2 and HOX reduced mobility. The clinical features in individuals with missense variants were indistinguishable from those with loss of function. Conclusion: SATB2 haploinsufficiency is a common cause of syndromic intellectual disability. When mutant SATB2 protein is produced, the protein appears functionally inactive with a disrupted pattern of chromatin or matrix association

Celebrating the state of the art and innovations in regional anaesthesia in the British Journal of Anaesthesia

To coincide with the annual scientific meeting of Regional Anaesthesia UK in London 2024, where there is a joint scientific session with the British Journal of Anaesthesia, a special regional anaesthesia edition of the journal has been produced. This editorial offers some highlights from the manuscripts contained within the special edition

Analisis Location Quotient dalam penentuan sektor unggulan pada 4 Kota di Propinsi Sulawesi Utara

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sektor apa saja yang menjadi sektor unggulan di 4 Kota yang ada di Propinsi Sulawesi Utara. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan teknik analisis location quotient dan menggunakan data sekunder yang di publikasikan oleh BPS Sulawesi Utara tahun 2022. Banyaknya sektor yang dianalisis adalah 17 Sektor dengan tahun amatan 2019,2020 dan 2021. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan Location Quotient ( LQ) pada 4 Kota di Propinsi Sulawesi Utara, untuk Kota Manado dengan 10 sektor unggulan yaitu : perdagangan besar dan eceran, transportasi dan pergudangan, penyediaan akomodasi dan makan minum, informasi dan komunikasi, jasa keuangan dan asuransi, jasa perusahaan, administrasi pemerintah, jasa pendidikan, jasa kesehatan dan jasa lainnya. Kota Kotamobagu dengan 9 sektor unggulan yaitu : pengadaan listrik dan gas, pengadaan air, konstruksi, perdagangan besar dan eceran, jasa keuangan dan asuransi, administrasi pemerintah, jasa pendidikan, jasa kesehatan, dan jasa lainnya. Kota Tomohon dengan 7 sektor unggulan yaitu : pertambangan, konstruksi, penyediaan akomodasi dan makan, minum, real estat, jasa kesehatan, jasa pendidikan dan jasa lainnya. Kota Bitung dengan 3 sektor unggulan yaitu : industri pengolahan, pengadaan air dan transportasi pengolahan. Kata kunci : Sektor Unggulan, Location Quotient, Propinsi Sulawesi Utar