Nonlinear Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction in Earthquake Engineering

Ce travail détaille une approche de calcul pour la résolution de problèmes dynamiques qui combinent des discrétisations en temps et dans le domaine de Laplace reposant sur une technique de sous-structuration. En particulier, la méthode développée cherche à remplir le besoin industriel de réaliser des calculs dynamiques tridimensionnels pour le risque sismique en prenant en compte des effets non-linéaires d'interaction sol-structure (ISS). Deux sous-domaines sont considérés dans ce problème. D'une part, le domaine de sol linéaire et non-borné qui est modélisé par une impédance de bord discrétisée dans le domaine de Laplace au moyen d'une méthode d'éléments de frontière ; et, de l'autre part, la superstructure qui fait référence pas seulement à la structure et sa fondation mais aussi, éventuellement, à une partie du sol présentant un comportement non-linéaire. Ce dernier sous-domaine est formulé dans le domaine temporel et discrétisé avec la méthode des éléments finis (FE). Dans ce cadre, les forces liées à l'ISS s'écrivent sous la forme d'une intégrale de convolution en temps dont le noyau est la transformée de Laplace inverse de la matrice d'impédance de sol. Pour pouvoir évaluer cette convolution dans le domaine temporel à partir d'une impédance de sol définie dans le domaine de Laplace, une approche basée sur des Quadratures de Convolution (QC) est présentée : la méthode hybride Laplace-Temps (L-T). La stabilité numérique de son couplage avec un schéma d'intégration de type Newmark est ensuite étudiée sur plusieurs modèles d'ISS en dynamique linéaire et non-linéaire. Finalement, la méthode L-T est testée sur un modèle numérique plus complexe, proche d'une application sismique de caractère industriel, et des résultats satisfaisants sont obtenus par rapport aux solutions de référence.The present work addresses a computational methodology to solve dynamic problems coupling time and Laplace domain discretizations within a domain decomposition approach. In particular, the proposed methodology aims at meeting the industrial need of performing more accurate seismic risk assessments by accounting for three-dimensional dynamic soil-structure interaction (DSSI) in nonlinear analysis. Two subdomains are considered in this problem. On the one hand, the linear and unbounded domain of soil which is modelled by an impedance operator computed in the Laplace domain using a Boundary Element (BE) method; and, on the other hand, the superstructure which refers not only to the structure and its foundations but also to a region of soil that possibly exhibits nonlinear behaviour. The latter subdomain is formulated in the time domain and discretized using a Finite Element (FE) method. In this framework, the DSSI forces are expressed as a time convolution integral whose kernel is the inverse Laplace transform of the soil impedance matrix. In order to evaluate this convolution in the time domain by means of the soil impedance matrix (available in the Laplace domain), a Convolution Quadrature-based approach called the Hybrid Laplace-Time domain Approach (HLTA), is thus introduced. Its numerical stability when coupled to Newmark time integration schemes is subsequently investigated through several numerical examples of DSSI applications in linear and nonlinear analyses. The HLTA is finally tested on a more complex numerical model, closer to that of an industrial seismic application, and good results are obtained when compared to the reference solutions.CHATENAY MALABRY-Ecole centrale (920192301) / SudocSudocFranceF

DINÂMICA ESPAÇO-TEMPORAL DA COBERTURA DA TERRA NO PARQUE ESTADUAL DE CORUMBIARA/RONDÔNIA

SPACE-TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF THE LAND USE OF PARK OF CORUMBIARA/RONDÔNIA STATEDINÁMICA ESPACIO-TEMPORAL DE LA CUBIERTA DE LA TIERRA EN EL PARQUE ESTADUAL DE CORUMBIARA/ESTADO DE RONDONIANo Brasil, em especial no estado de Rondônia, a territorialização, impulsionada pelos programas do Governo Federal nos anos 70, resultou na degradação dos recursos naturais. Com isso, o governo do estado criou áreas de proteção ambiental. A partir de tal constatação o trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a dinâmica espacial e temporal da cobertura da terra do Parque Estadual de Corumbiara, em quatro períodos distintos. Para isso, utilizaram-se imagens de sensoriamento remoto orbital dos anos de 1990, 2000, 2014 e 2017, que foram manipuladas em Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIGs), onde empregaram-se técnicas de processamento digital de imagens. Os resultados revelaram as alterações da vegetação ao longo do período analisado e indicou consolidação da área antropizada, que passou de 5.814 hectares, no ano de 1990 para 22.796, no ano de 2017, a uma taxa de crescimento de 74,49% e o fator determinante para tal crescimento foi a redução da área do parque no ano de 2002.Palavras-chave: Áreas Especiais; Amazônia Ocidental; Mapeamento da Vegetação.ABSTRACTIn Brazil, especially in the State of Rondônia, the occupation of territory, driven by programs of the federal government in the 70's, has resulted in the degradation of natural resources. With this, the State Government created environmental protection areas. From such finding, the work aimed to characterize the occupation of physical environment of the Corumbiara State Park, as well as their buffer zone in three distinct periods. For this, it was used remote sensing images of years 1990, 2000, 2014 and 2017, which were handled in Geographic Information Systems (GIS), where techniques of digital image processing were employed. The results revealed vegetation changes during the analyzed period and indicated consolidation of the anthropic area, from 5,814 hectares in 1990 to 22,796 in 2017, at a growth rate of 74.49% and the factor was the reduction of the park area in 2002. The results revealed vegetation changes during the analyzed period and indicated consolidation of the anthropic area, from 5.814 hectares, in the year 1990 to 22.796, in the year 2017, at a growth rate of 74.49% and the determining factor for such growth was the reduction of the park area in the year 2002. Keywords: Special Areas; Western Amazon; Vegetation Mapping.RESUMENEn Brasil, en especial en el estado de Rondônia, la territorialización, impulsada por los programas del gobierno federal en los años 70, resultó en la degradación de los recursos naturales. Con ello, el gobierno del estado creó áreas de protección ambiental. A partir de tal constatación el trabajo tuvo como objetivo caracterizar la dinámica espacial y temporal de la cobertura de la tierra del Parque Estadual de Corumbiara, en cuatro períodos distintos. Para ello, se utilizaron imágenes de teledetección de los años 1990, 2000, 2014 y 2017, que fueron manipuladas en Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIGs), donde se emplearon técnicas de procesamiento digital de imágenes. Los resultados revelaron las alteraciones de la vegetación a lo largo del período analizado e indicó la consolidación del área antropizada, que pasó de 5.814 hectáreas, en el año de 1990 a 22.796, en el año 2017, a una tasa de crecimiento del 74,49% y el factor determinante para tal crecimiento fue la reducción del área del parque en el año 2002.Palabras clave: Áreas Especiales; Amazonia Occidental; Mapeo de la Vegetación

La efectividad de los sistemas de salud para la protección del derecho de salud mental en la población de Paita, 2022

RESUMEN La presente tesis titulada “La efectividad de los sistemas de salud para la protección del derecho de salud mental en la población de Paita ,2022”, cuyo objetivo general Determinar la eficacia del sistema de salud en los tratamientos para proteger el derecho de salud mental, cuyo objetivo general Determinar la eficacia del sistema de salud en los tratamientos para proteger el derecho de salud mental; asimismo , Se aplicó un diseño no experimental con enfoque cuantitativo, nivel básico, descriptivo correlacional, a una muestra de 27 familiares de los pacientes y 24 trabajadores del centro de salud, instrumento un cuestionario, sometido al programa SPSS, para su confiabilidad y se obtuvo como resultado parte de los familiares el 55,6 % deficiente la financiación los centros de salud para una atención de calidad y de los trabajadores el 66,7% el sis y essalud brinda un servicio deficiente: el impacto actual es deficiente ya que solo existe un centro de tratamientos mentales, para atender la demanda de la población de Paita, ante ello se refleja que es insuficiente estos sistemas de salud, así mismo los sistemas no cuenta con los profesionales necesario para rehabilitar a los pacientes

Las combinaciones fijas en hipertensión: análisis de impacto presupuestario para el Sistema Nacional de Salud Español de la comercialización de la combinación fija de olmesartan/amlodipino

ResumenObjetivoRealizar un análisis de impacto presupuestario (AIP) de la introducción en el Sistema Nacional de Salud (SNS) de la combinación fija (CF) de olmesartan/amlodipino (20/5, 40/5 y 40/10mg) en la indicación aprobada.DiseñoModelo de árbol de decisión que refleja el algoritmo de tratamiento más habitual en la práctica clínica de la hipertensión junto con sus probabilidades de ocurrencia.EmplazamientoPerspectiva del SNS para un período de 3 años (2010-2012).ParticipantesPoblación española hipertensa mayor de 35 años.IntervencionesIntroducción de la CF olmesartan/amlodipino en el mercado español.Mediciones principalesCostes financiados por el SNS (a PVP-IVA) para la población de pacientes susceptibles de ser tratados con la CF frente a los asumidos con la combinación libre (CL) olmesartan y amlodipino.ResultadosLa estimación del gasto farmacéutico con olmesartan y amlodipino en CL era de 25,2 M€ (primer año), 26,4 M€ el segundo año y 27,6 M€ el tercero, totalizando 79,2 M€. Según el modelo, la población susceptible de ser tratada con la CF es de 71.283 pacientes (primer año), con una tasa de crecimiento cercana al 4,8% en los sucesivos años, lo que supone un coste anual de 21,2 M€ (2010), 21,8 M€ (2011) y 22,4 M€ (2012), totalizando 65,4 M€. El AIP muestra un ahorro de 13,8 M€, siendo unos resultados robustos confirmados por los análisis de sensibilidad univariantes de tipo umbral.ConclusiónEl AIP de la CF de olmesartan/amlodipino podría generar unos ahorros netos para el SNS en 3 años de 13,8 M€.AbstractObjectiveTo carry out a budget impact analysis (BIA) of olmesartan/amlodipine (20/5, 40/5 and 40/10mg) marketed as a fixed combination (FC) in its approved indication for the National Health System (NHS).DesigWe developed a decision tree model in order to estimate usual hypertension treatment algorithm in Spanish clinical practice.SettingsThe BIA has been developed from the perspective of the NHS for a period of 3 years (years 2010-2012).ParticipantsSpanish hypertensive population ≥ 35 years old.InterventionsIntroduction into the market of a fixed combination (FC) olmesartan/amlodipine in Spain.Primary measuresExpected costs to be assumed by the Spanish NHS (RRP-VAT) for hypertensive population able to be treated with the FC versus currently assumed costs by the NHS with free combination olmesartan and amlodipine.ResultsEstimated pharmaceutical costs in hypertensive population treated with olmesartan and amlodipine (2 pills) would be €25.2M (1st year), €26.4M (2011), €27.6M (2012), with a total 3-year period of €79.2M. According to patient tree model, the population able to be treated with FC would be 71,283 patients (2010), with a growth rate of 4.8% in the successive years, which supposes an annual cost of €21.2M (2010), €21.8M (2011) and €22.4M (2012), with a total 3-year period of €65.4M. The BIA shows savings of €13.8M in a total 3-year period.ConclusionThe BIA of FC olmesartan/amlodipine could generate net savings of €13.8M for the NHS in the period ranging from years 2010 to 2012

Calcul des opérateurs d'impédance en Interaction Sol-Structure: méthode éléments de frontière accélérée par méthode multipôle rapide

International audienceLes effets de site, qu’ils soient d’origine topographique ou lithologique, influencent la propagation des ondes sismiques et peuvent provoquer une amplification ou atténuation du mouvement sismique, ainsi que la modification de son spectre. Ce travail concerne le développement d’une stratégie de calcul numérique pour la prise en compte des effets de sites dans les calculs d’Interaction Sol-Structure. Il repose sur une nouvelle stratégie de couplage des éléments finis aux éléments de frontière accélérés par la méthode multipôle rapide

Bacterial-based systems for expression and purification of recombinant Lassa virus proteins of immunological relevance

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is a significant requirement for the development and acquisition of reagents that will facilitate effective diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of Lassa fever. In this regard, recombinant Lassa virus (LASV) proteins may serve as valuable tools in diverse antiviral applications. Bacterial-based systems were engineered for expression and purification of recombinant LASV nucleoprotein (NP), glycoprotein 1 (GP1), and glycoprotein 2 (GP2).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Full-length NP and the ectodomains of GP1 and GP2 were generated as maltose-binding protein (MBP) fusions in the Rosetta strains of <it>Escherichia coli </it>(<it>E. coli</it>) using pMAL-c2x vectors. Average fusion protein yields per liter of culture for MBP-NP, MBP-GP1, and MBP-GP2 were 10 mg, 9 mg, and 9 mg, respectively. Each protein was captured from cell lysates using amylose resin, cleaved with Factor Xa, and purified using size-exclusion chromatography (SEC). Fermentation cultures resulted in average yields per liter of 1.6 mg, 1.5 mg, and 0.7 mg of purified NP, GP1 and GP2, respectively. LASV-specific antibodies in human convalescent sera specifically detected each of the purified recombinant LASV proteins, highlighting their utility in diagnostic applications. In addition, mouse hyperimmune ascitic fluids (MHAF) against a panel of Old and New World arenaviruses demonstrated selective cross reactivity with LASV proteins in Western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These results demonstrate the potential for developing broadly reactive immunological assays that employ all three arenaviral proteins individually and in combination.</p

PRENOLIN project. Results of the validation phase at sendai site

One of the objectives of the PRENOLIN project is the assessment of uncertainties associated with non-linear simulation of 1D site effects. An international benchmark is underway to test several numerical codes, including various non-linear soil constitutive models, to compute the non-linear seismic site response. The preliminary verification phase (i.e. comparison between numerical codes on simple, idealistic cases) is now followed by the validation phase, which compares predictions of such numerical estimations with actual strong motion data recorded from well-known sites. The benchmark presently involves 21 teams and 21 different non-linear computations. Extensive site characterization was performed at three sites of the Japanese KiK-net and PARI networks. This paper focuses on SENDAI site. The first results indicate that a careful analysis of the data for the lab measurement is required. The linear site response is overestimated while the non-linear effects are underestimated in the first iteration. According to these observations, a first set of recommendations for defining the non-linear soil parameters from lab measurements is proposed. PRENOLIN is part of two larger projects: SINAPS@, funded by the ANR (French National Research Agency) and SIGMA, funded by a consortium of nuclear operators (EDF, CEA, AREVA, ENL)

Safety and feasibility of outpatient surgery in benign prostatic hyperplasia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Purpose: Most of endourological procedures along the urinary tract have been widely practiced as outpatient operations, including surgery for BPH. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess safety and feasibility of outpatient surgery for patients suffering from symptomatic BPH candidate for endoscopic disobstruction. Materials and methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase were searched up until March 30, 2020. MINORS tool was utilized to assess the quality of included studies and a pooled measure of failure or event rate (FR, ER) estimate was calculated. Further sensitivity analysis, subgroup analysis, and meta-regression were conducted to investigate contribution of moderators to heterogeneity. Results: Twenty studies with a total of 1626 patients treated according to outpatient criteria for endoscopic BPH surgery were included. In total, 18 studies reporting data on immediate hospital readmission and/or inability to discharge after endoscopic procedure presented FR estimates ranging from 1.7% to 51.1%. Pooled FR estimate was 7.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.2%-10.3%); Heterogeneity: Q=76.85; d.f.=17, p&lt;.001; I2= 75.12%. Subgroup analysis according to surgical technique revealed difference among the three approaches with pooled FR of 3% (95%CI: 1%-4.9%), 7.1% (95%CI: 3.9-10.4) and 11.8% (95%CI: 7-16.7%) for TURP, Green-light and HoLEP respectively (p&lt;.001). At meta-regression analysis, none of the retrieved covariates were able to significantly influence the cumulative outcomes reported. ER for postoperative complications and early outpatient visit showed a pooled estimate of 18.6% (95%CI: 13.2%-23.9%) and 7.7% (95%CI: 4.3%-11%) respectively. Conclusions: Our analysis revealed how transurethral procedures for BPH on an outpatient setting are overall reliable and safe. Of note, there were significant outcome differences between groups with regard of type of surgical procedure, perioperative prostate volume and discharge protocol suggesting the need for further prospective analysis to better elucidate the best strategy in such outpatient conduct

Impact of uni- or multifocal perineural invasion in prostate cancer at radical prostatectomy

Background: Aim of this study was to correlate perineural invasion (PNI) with other clinical-pathological parameters in terms of prognostic indicators in prostate cancer (PC) cases at the time of radical prostatectomy (RP). Methods: Prospective study of 288 consecutive PC cases undergoing RP. PNI determination was performed either in biopsy or in RP specimens classifying as uni- and multifocal PNI. The median follow-up time was 22 (range, 6-36) months. Results: At biopsy PNI was found in 34 (11.8%) cases and in 202 (70.1%) cases at the time of surgery. Among those identified at RP 133 (46.1%) and 69 (23.9%) cases had uni- and multi-PNI, respectively. Presence of PNI was significantly (P&lt;0.05) correlated with unfavorable pathological parameters such higher stage and grade. The percentage of extracapsular extension in PNI negative RP specimens was 18.6% vs. 60.4% of PNI positive specimens. However, the distribution of pathological staging and International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading did not vary according to whether PNI was uni- or multifocal. The risk of biochemical progression increased 2.3 times in PNI positive cases was significantly associated with the risk of biochemical progression (r=0.136; P=0.04). However, at multivariate analysis PNI was not significantly associated with biochemical progression [hazard ratio (HR): 1.87, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.68-3.12; P=0.089]. Within patients with intermediate risk disease, multifocal PNI was able to predict cases with lower mean time to biochemical and progression free survival (chi-square 5.95; P=0.04). Conclusions: PNI at biopsy is not a good predictor of the PNI incidence at the time of RP. PNI detection in surgical specimens may help stratify intermediate risk cases for the risk of biochemical progression