Use of Eye Tracking as an Innovative Instructional Method in Surgical Human Anatomy

Tobii glasses can record corneal infrared light reflection to track pupil position and to map gaze focusing in the video recording. Eye tracking has been proposed for use in training and coaching as a visually guided control interface. The aim of our study was to test the potential use of these glasses in various situations: explanations of anatomical structures on tablet-type electronic devices, explanations of anatomical models and dissected cadavers, and during the prosection thereof. An additional aim of the study was to test the use of the glasses during laparoscopies performed on Thiel-embalmed cadavers (that allows pneu- moinsufflation and exact reproduction of the laparoscopic surgical technique). The device was also tried out in actual surgery (both laparoscopy and open surgery)

Aproximación a la situación actual de la formación del profesorado de Educación Infantil

This article is a review of the situation regarding the training of teachers in early childhood education from the challenges that are facing the teacher and changes in educational systems. The process of reform in the teaching profession, started before the Bologna process, meant a good opportunity to review the curricula and rethink the initial training adapted to the real needs of each context. The professional teacher training required to provoke reflection on, envelope and to practice to adapt to situations classroom, the center and the educational community in which the teacher is immersed En este artículo se realiza una revisión de la situación de la formación del profesorado de Educación Infantil a partir de los retos a los que se debe enfrentar el docente y los cambios de los sistemas educativos. El proceso de reforma en la profesión docente, iniciado antes del Proceso de Bolonia, suponía una buena oportunidad para revisar los planes de estudios y repensar la formación inicial adaptándose a las necesidades reales de cada contexto. La formación de los profesionales docentes requiere provocar la reflexión en, sobre y para la práctica para adaptarse a las situaciones del aula, del centro y de la comunidad educativa en la que está inmerso el maestr

PPAR<i>γ</i> agonist-loaded PLGA -PEG nanocarriers as a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease: in vitro and in vivo studies

Objective: The first aim of this study was to develop a nanocarrier that could transport the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist, pioglitazone (PGZ) across brain endothelium and examine the mechanism of nanoparticle transcytosis. The second aim was to determine whether these nanocarriers could successfully treat a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: PGZ-loaded nanoparticles (PGZ-NPs) were synthesized by the solvent displacement technique, following a factorial design using poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG). The transport of the carriers was assessed in vitro, using a human brain endothelial cell line, cytotoxicity assays, fluorescence-tagged nanocarriers, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, confocal and transmission electron microscopy. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed in APP/PS1 mice in a behavioral assay and by measuring the cortical deposition of β-amyloid. Results: Incorporation of PGZ into the carriers promoted a 50x greater uptake into brain endothelium compared with the free drug and the carriers showed a delayed release profile of PGZ in vitro. In the doses used, the nanocarriers were not toxic for the endothelial cells, nor did they alter the permeability of the blood–brain barrier model. Electron microscopy indicated that the nanocarriers were transported from the apical to the basal surface of the endothelium by vesicular transcytosis. An efficacy test carried out in APP/PS1 transgenic mice showed a reduction of memory deficit in mice chronically treated with PGZ-NPs. Deposition of β-amyloid in the cerebral cortex, measured by immunohistochemistry and image analysis, was correspondingly reduced. Conclusion: PLGA-PEG nanocarriers cross brain endothelium by transcytosis and can be loaded with a pharmaceutical agent to effectively treat a mouse model of AD

Combining object-based image analysis with topographic data for landform mapping: a case study in the semi-arid Chaco ecosystem, Argentina

This paper presents an object-based approach to mapping a set of landforms located in the fluvio-eolian plain of Rio Dulce and alluvial plain of Rio Salado (Dry Chaco, Argentina), with two Landsat 8 images collected in summer and winter combined with topographic data. The research was conducted in two stages. The first stage focused on basic-spectral landform classifications where both pixel- and object-based image analyses were tested with five classification algorithms: Mahalanobis Distance (MD), Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM), Maximum Likelihood (ML), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Decision Tree (DT). The results obtained indicate that object-based analyses clearly outperform pixel-based classifications, with an increase in accuracy of up to 35%. The second stage focused on advanced object-based derived variables with topographic ancillary data classifications. The combinations of variables were tested in order to obtain the most accurate map of landforms based on the most successful classifiers identified in the previous stage (ML, SVM and DT). The results indicate that DT is the most accurate classifier, exhibiting the highest overall accuracies with values greater than 72% in both the winter and summer images. Future work could combine both, the most appropriate methodologies and combinations of variables obtained in this study, with physico-chemical variables sampled to improve the classification of landforms and even of types of soil.EEA Santiago del EsteroFil: Castillejo González, Isabel Luisa. Universidad de Córdoba. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica y Geomática; EspañaFil: Angueira, Maria Cristina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Santiago del Estero; ArgentinaFil: García Ferrer, Alfonso. Universidad de Córdoba. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica y Geomática; EspañaFil: Sánchez de la Orden, Manuel. Universidad de Córdoba. Departamento de Ingeniería Gráfica y Geomática; Españ

Estudio y Rentabilización Económica del Patrimonio Inmobiliario Universitario Publico. Praxis Aplicada a la Escuela de Arquitectura Técnica de Madrid

Se presenta la síntesis de un Trabajo liderado por el Grupo de Investigación para el Estudio de la Problemática del Patrimonio Edificado de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, en el entorno de las alternativas socio-económicas en la vía de intensificación rentabilización económica del Patrimonio Inmobiliario Universitario Públic

PPAR<i>γ</i> agonist-loaded PLGA -PEG nanocarriers as a potential treatment for Alzheimer’s disease: in vitro and in vivo studies

Objective: The first aim of this study was to develop a nanocarrier that could transport the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist, pioglitazone (PGZ) across brain endothelium and examine the mechanism of nanoparticle transcytosis. The second aim was to determine whether these nanocarriers could successfully treat a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: PGZ-loaded nanoparticles (PGZ-NPs) were synthesized by the solvent displacement technique, following a factorial design using poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG). The transport of the carriers was assessed in vitro, using a human brain endothelial cell line, cytotoxicity assays, fluorescence-tagged nanocarriers, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, confocal and transmission electron microscopy. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed in APP/PS1 mice in a behavioral assay and by measuring the cortical deposition of β-amyloid. Results: Incorporation of PGZ into the carriers promoted a 50x greater uptake into brain endothelium compared with the free drug and the carriers showed a delayed release profile of PGZ in vitro. In the doses used, the nanocarriers were not toxic for the endothelial cells, nor did they alter the permeability of the blood–brain barrier model. Electron microscopy indicated that the nanocarriers were transported from the apical to the basal surface of the endothelium by vesicular transcytosis. An efficacy test carried out in APP/PS1 transgenic mice showed a reduction of memory deficit in mice chronically treated with PGZ-NPs. Deposition of β-amyloid in the cerebral cortex, measured by immunohistochemistry and image analysis, was correspondingly reduced. Conclusion: PLGA-PEG nanocarriers cross brain endothelium by transcytosis and can be loaded with a pharmaceutical agent to effectively treat a mouse model of AD

Female upper reproductive tract harbors endogenous microbial profiles

The vaginal milieu is known to have an active microbiome (>90% of Lactobacillus), but the microbial composition of the upper reproductive tract is not well established, especially in the Fallopian tubes. The first studies on the Fallopian tubes from women diagnosed with a benign disease or for prophylaxis suggest that this site supports an endogenous microbiome. However, today we lack the knowledge of the microbial composition in Fallopian tubes in the non-diseased conditions (as collecting samples from these sites may hamper the tissue and future fertility). Our study includes 24 fertile women with benign uterine pathology submitted to abdominal hysterectomy or tubal ligation at Hospital Universitario Virgen de Arrixaca Murcia, which endometrial and Fallopian tube samples were collected between January and July 2019. After DNA extraction, “Ion 16S Metagenomics Kit” (Ion S5™ System) was used to exploit the V5 to V9 regions of the 16S rRNA gene. Primary data analysis was performed with Torrent Suite™ Software v5.12.1 and advanced analysis using Ion Reporter™ software v5.18.0.2. In our study, distinct microbial community profiles in the Fallopian tubes confirm that this genital tract site harbors an endogenous microbiome and in big part is shared with the endometrial microbial profile (69% of the detected taxa). Nevertheless, 17 bacterial taxa were exclusively detected in the Fallopian tubes that included Enhydrobacter, Granulicatella, Haemophilus, Rhizobium, Alistipes y Paracoccus, among others, while 10 were found only in the endometrium, including Klebsiella, Olsenella, Oscillibacter and Veillonella (FDR <0.05). Regarding the endometrium samples, our study shows that method collection has an influence in results, where there is a Lactobacillus-dominance in fertile women with samples obtained transcervically while Acinetobacter, Arthrobacter, Coprococcus, Methylobacterium, Prevotella, Roseburia, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus were less abundant in patients which samples are collected by methods with lower vaginal and cervical contamination. Although upper reproductive tract is a low microbial biomass site, our results suggest that this upper reproductive site supports an endogenous microbiome that could be characteristic of each individual

Análisis de los componentes del tiempo de reacción

En el presente trabajo se hacen una serie de consideraciones sobre la utilización de la técnica de los tiempos de reacción en diferentes campos de investigación, ejemplijicándose con experimentos en el campo de la percepción auditiva, en el estudio de los anteperiodos y en el establecimiento de la relación entre diferencias individuales, inteligencia y personalidad, y tiempos de reacción. A lo largo del trabajo se realizan varios comentarios sobre la necesidad de utilizar la información complementaria que puede obtenerse de una situación prototípica de registro de los tiempos de reacción como, por ejemplo, anticipaciones, lapsus, errores o medidas parciales. Se proponen también una serie de consejos prácticos a tener en cuenta para optimizar las medidas de los tiempos de reacción

Porous organic polymers containing active metal centers for Suzuki–Miyaura heterocoupling reactions

Producción CientíficaA new generation of confined palladium(II) catalysts covalently attached inside of porous organic polymers (POPs) has been attained. The synthetic approach employed was straightforward, and there was no prerequisite for making any modification of the precursor polymer. First, POP-based catalytic supports were obtained by reacting one symmetric trifunctional aromatic monomer (1,3,5-triphenylbenzene) with two ketones having electron-withdrawing groups (4,5-diazafluoren-9-one, DAFO, and isatin) in superacidic media. The homopolymers and copolymers were made using stoichiometric ratios between the functional groups, and they were obtained with quantitative yields after the optimization of reaction conditions. Moreover, the number of chelating groups (bipyridine moieties) available to bind Pd(II) ions to the catalyst supports was modified using different DAFO/isatin ratios. The resulting amorphous polymers and copolymers showed high thermal stability, above 500 °C, and moderate–high specific surface areas (from 760 to 935 m2 g–1), with high microporosity contribution (from 64 to 77%). Next, POP-supported Pd(II) catalysts were obtained by simple immersion of the catalyst supports in a palladium(II) acetate solution, observing that the metal content was similar to that theoretically expected according to the amount of bipyridine groups present. The catalytic activity of these heterogeneous catalysts was explored for the synthesis of biphenyl and terphenyl compounds, via the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction using a green solvent (ethanol/water), low palladium loads, and aerobic conditions. The findings showed excellent catalytic activity with quantitative product yields. Additionally, the recyclability of the catalysts, by simply washing it with ethanol, was excellent, with a sp2–sp2 coupling yield higher than 95% after five cycles of use. Finally, the feasibility of these catalysts to be employed in tangible organic reactions was assessed. Thus, the synthesis of a bulky compound, 4,4′-dimethoxy-5′-tert-butyl-m-terphenylene, which is a precursor of a thermal rearrangement monomer, was scaled-up to 2 g, with high conversion and 96% yield of the pure product.Agencia Estatal de Investigación (projects PID2019-109403RB-C22, MAT2016-76413-C2-R2, CTQ2017-89217- P and MAT2016-76413-C2-R1)Junta de Castilla y León (project VA038G18

PPARγ agonist-loaded PLGA-PEG nanocarriers as a potencial treatment for Alzheimer's disease: in vitro and in vivo studies.

Objective: The first aim of this study was to develop a nanocarrier that could transport the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonist, pioglitazone (PGZ) across brain endothelium and examine the mechanism of nanoparticle transcytosis. The second aim was to determine whether these nanocarriers could successfully treat a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods: PGZ-loaded nanoparticles (PGZ-NPs) were synthesized by the solvent displacement technique, following a factorial design using poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG). The transport of the carriers was assessed in vitro, using a human brain endothelial cell line, cytotoxicity assays, fluorescence-tagged nanocarriers, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, confocal and transmission electron microscopy. The effectiveness of the treatment was assessed in APP/PS1 mice in a behavioral assay and by measuring the cortical deposition of β-amyloid. Results: Incorporation of PGZ into the carriers promoted a 50x greater uptake into brain endothelium compared with the free drug and the carriers showed a delayed release profile of PGZ in vitro. In the doses used, the nanocarriers were not toxic for the endothelial cells, nor did they alter the permeability of the blood-brain barrier model. Electron microscopy indicated that the nanocarriers were transported from the apical to the basal surface of the endothelium by vesicular transcytosis. An efficacy test carried out in APP/PS1 transgenic mice showed a reduction of memory deficit in mice chronically treated with PGZ-NPs. Deposition of β-amyloid in the cerebral cortex, measured by immunohistochemistry and image analysis, was correspondingly reduced. Conclusion: PLGA-PEG nanocarriers cross brain endothelium by transcytosis and can be loaded with a pharmaceutical agent to effectively treat a mouse model of AD