The Creation of an Experimental Camp of Protohistory at the Iberian Settlement of Estinclells (Verdú, Urgell, Catalonia)

The site of Estinclells is an Iberian Culture settlement in the Municipality of Verdú, Urgell (Catalonia) dating from thethird century BC (See Figures 1 and 2). Archaeological work was carried out between 2002 and 2014 under the auspices of the Regional Museum of Urgell (Museu Comarcal de l’Urgell) and the Archaeology Section of the Centre d’Estudis Lacetans in the framework of the research project entitled, "Economy and Evolution of the Iberian population in the Corb, Ondara and Sió River Valleys: Excavation of the Iberian Settlement of Estinclells, Verdú

Els materials ceràmics del poblat ibèric del Castellet de Banyoles (Tivissa). Col·lecció Salvador Vilaseca de Reus

L'objecte d'aquest treball és revisar i presentar adequadament els materials ceràmics recuperats en les excavacions de 1942-1943 per S. Vilaseca, per tal d'efectuar una primera valoració, basicament en dos sentits. En primer lloc, com a paradigma de la facies ceràmica indígena pròpia d'una àrea determinada, la Ilercavònia interior, i d'un moment determinat, el període Ibèric Ple (bàsicament segle III a.C). En segon lloc, atenent a les ceràmiques d'importació, com a font d'informació sobre la datació final del sector conegut d'aquest jaciment clau de la Ilercavònia ibèrica. ______________________________________________ Cet article présente une révision des céramiques livrées par les fouilles de S. Vilaseca en 1942-1943, dans le but d'obtenir deux types d'informations. En premier lieu, le facies de la céramique indigene d'Ilercavonie intérieure durant le lIle siecle ay. J.-C. Deuxiemement, a partir des céramiques importées, pour déceler la datation finale du secteur fouillé par Vilaseca dans ce site d'importance primordiale pour la connaissance de I'Ilercavonie ibérique

Cubic Liquid Crystalline Structures in diluted, concentrated and highly concentrated emulsions for topical application: influence on drug release and human skin permeation

Novel emulsions with a nanostructured continuous phase have been proposed as controlled drug delivery systems to enhance topical delivery of active ingredients avoiding systemic effects. In this study, oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions with two surfactant/water (S/W) weight ratios of 40:60 and 35:65, and oil concentrations of 10 wt% (diluted emulsion), 40 wt% (concentrated emulsion) and 85 wt% (highly concentrated emulsion) have been investigated to identify the presence of liquid crystalline structures and their influence on drug release and skin permeation. The emulsions have been characterized in terms of visual appearance, rheology and drug release. The presence of cubic liquid crystalline structures in emulsions with S/W 40:60 was confirmed by small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Rheology results showed a markedly different behaviour in emulsions with S/W 40:60 compared with nonstructured emulsions. A model drug, diclofenac sodium (DS) was successfully incorporated in the emulsions. DS release was studied with hydrophilic and lipophilic membranes, and the amount of DS in the receptor solution was significantly lower in the formulations containing cubic liquid structures. An in vitro skin permeation study with dermatomed human skin showed that emulsions with a nanostructured continuous phase are suitable formulations for topical delivery with DS retention in skin layers. The results indicate that the amount of drug retained in skin structures may be tuned by modification of liquid crystal concentration and emulsion structure

Formation of nanoemulsion containing ibuprofen by PIC method for topical delivery

This study reports the formation of nanoemulsions from palm-kernel oil esters (PKOE)/Cremophor EL/water systems intended for topical administration of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, ibuprofen. Nanoemulsions containing 2% ibuprofen, various oil:surfactant ratios (10:90, 20:80 and 30:70) and 80% of water were selected from the ternary system of PKOE/Cremophor EL/water and prepared by the phase inversion composition (PIC) method. The characterization of the nanoemulsions such as droplet size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, stability and the permeation of ibuprofen from nanoemulsions were evaluated. The prepared nanoemulsions exhibited good stability without any phase separation, sedimentation or creaming for the period of tested experimental time (6 months). The permeation study of ibuprofen was performed on Franz type-diffusion cells through human abdominal skin. The median values of the fluxes obtained as well as the median of the percentage of permeated amount at 24h were not statistically different. The mean profiles of permeated ibuprofen versus time from PKOE was greater (p < 0.05) than those obtained from Miglyol 812

Consens d’escales i eines per a la valoració multidimensional de les persones a Catalunya

Model d'atenció integral; Valoració multidimensional; DiagnòsticModelo de atención integral; Valoración multidimensional; DiagnósticoComprehensive care model; Multidimensional valuation; DiagnosisActualment no existeix a Catalunya un consens sobre quin hauria de ser el mínim comú denominador d’escales i eines d’elecció per a la valoració de les diferents dimensions de les persones grans amb multimorbiditat, fragilitat, cronicitat complexa o avançada. Aquest escenari fa evident la necessitat de disposar d’escales i eines consensuades i compartides que facilitin l’aproximació multidimensional a aquestes persones de forma objectiva i pragmàtica, amb l’objectiu d'ajudar els professionals en aquest procés d’individualització de l’atenció. És per aquest motiu que, impulsat per la Direcció General de Planificació i Recerca en Salut i per l’oficina eSalut, s’ha promogut i desenvolupat aquest consens i es vol assegurar que la proposta pugui ser suportada en l’entorn digital

Transdermal delivery of forskolin from emulsions differing in droplet size

The skin permeation of forskolin, a diterpene isolated from Coleus forsholii, was studied using oil in water (O/W) emulsions as delivery formulations and also an oil solution for comparative purposes. Two forskolin-loaded emulsions of water/Brij 72:Symperonic A7/Miglyol 812:Isohexadecane, at 0.075 wt% forskolin concentration were prepared with the same composition and only differing in droplet size (0.38 μm and 10 μm). The emulsions showed high kinetic stability at 25 °C. In vitro study of forskolin penetration through human skin was carried out using the MicroettePlus(®) system. The concentration of the active in the receptor solution (i.e. ethanol/phosphate buffer 40/60, v/v) was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. The obtained results showed that forskolin permeation from the emulsions and the oil solution, through human skin, was very high (up to 72.10%), and no effect of droplet size was observed.The research (work) was supported by the European Union through the European Social Fund within “Cracow University of Technology development program – top quality teaching for the prospective Polish engineers; University of the 21st century” project (contract no. UDA-POKL.04.01.01-00-029/10-00). Financial support from Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, MINECO (grant CTQ 2011-29336-CO3-01 and CTQ 2011-29336-CO3-03) is also acknowledged.Peer reviewe