Comorbidities Associated With Epilepsy And Headaches [comorbidades Associadas às Epilepsias E Cefaleias]

Comorbidities are often associated with chronic neurological diseases, such as headache and epilepsy. Objectives: To identify comorbidities associated with epilepsy and headaches, and to determine possible drug interactions. Methods: A standardized questionnaire with information about type of epilepsy/headache, medical history, and medication was administered to 80 adult subjects (40 with epilepsy and 40 with chronic headache). Results: Patients with epilepsy had an average of two comorbidities and those with headache of three. For both groups, hypertension was the most prevalent. On average, patients with epilepsy were taking two antiepileptic medications and those with headache were taking only one prophylactic medication. Regarding concomitant medications, patients with epilepsy were in use, on average, of one drug and patients with headache of two. Conclusions: Patients with chronic neurological diseases, such as epilepsy and headaches, have a high number of comorbidities and they use many medications. This may contribute to poor adherence and interactions between different medications.704274277Hirtz, D., Thurman, D.J., Gwinn-Hardy, K., Mohamed, M., Chaudhuri, A.R., Zalutsky, R., How common are the "common" neurologic disorders? (2007) Neurology, 68, pp. 326-337Stovner, L.J., Hagen, K., Jensen, R., The global burden of headache: A documentation of headache prevalence and disability worldwide (2007) Cephalalgia, 27, pp. 193-210Proposal for revised classification of epilepsies and epiletic syndromes (1989) Epilepsia, 30, pp. 389-399. , Commission on Classification and Terminology of the International League Against EpilepsyGidal, B.E., French, J.A., Grossman, P., le Teuff, G., Assessment of potential drug interactions in patients with epilepsy: Impact of age and sex (2009) Neurology, 72, pp. 419-425Recomendações para o tratamento profilático da migrânea: Consenso da Sociedade Brasileira de Cefaléia (2002) Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 60, pp. 159-169. , Sociedade Brasileira de CefaleiaBetting, L.E., Kobayashi, E., Montenegro, M.A., Tratamento de epilepsia: Consenso dos especialistas brasileiros (2003) Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 61, pp. 1045-1070Patsalos, P.N., Perucca, E., Clinically important drug interactions in epilepsy: Interactions between antiepileptic drugs and other drugs (2003) Lancet Neurol, 2, pp. 473-481Buse, D.C., Manack, A., Serrano, D., Sociodemographic and comorbidity profiles of chronic migraine and episodic migraine sufferers (2010) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 81, pp. 428-432Faught, E., Duh, M.S., Weiner, J.R., Nonadherence to antiepileptic drugs and increased mortality: Findings from the RANSOM Study (2008) Neurology, 71, pp. 1572-1578Cramer, J.A., Glassman, M., Rienzic, V., The relationship between poor medication compliance and seizures (2002) Epilepsy and Behavior, 3, pp. 338-342Oberndorfer, S., Piribauer, M., Marosi, C., Lahrmann, H., Hitzenberger, P., Grisold, W., P450 enzyme inducing and non-enzyme inducing antiepileptics in glioblastoma patients treated with standard chemotherapy (2005) J Neurooncol, 72, pp. 255-260Spina, E., Scordo, M.G., D'Arrigo, C., Metabolic drug interactions with new psychotropic agents (2003) Fundamental and Clin Pharmacol, 17, pp. 517-538Monaco, F., Cicolin, A., Interactions between anticonvulsant and psychoactive drugs (1999) Epilepsia, 40 (SUPPL.), pp. S71-S7

Chemical features and bioactivities of lactuca canadensis L., an unconventional food plant from Brazilian cerrado

Throughout the world, people’s diet is generally quite restricted regarding the variety of plants used in their daily regime. The Unconventional Food Plant (UFP) Lactuca canadensis L. is an edible species of wild lettuce sparsely described in literature and considered to be native from the eastern and central parts of North America. To valorize this species as potential alternative food, an analysis of its nutritional, chemical, and bioactive properties was performed. The results specify the occurrence of organic acids, mainly quinic acid (127.9 ± 0.6 g/kg dry weight (dw)), polyunsaturated fatty acids (65.3%), among which are linolenic acid (44.4 ± 0.4 %), and tocopherols, mostly α-tocopherol (61.2 ± 0.7 mg/kg dw). Additionally, eight phenolic compounds were also identified, among which luteolin-O-glucuronide was found in larger amounts in both infusion and hydroethanolic extracts (5.46 ± 0.09 and 4.6 ± 0.1 mg/g dw, respectively). Carbohydrates and proteins were the main macronutrients (603 ± 1 and 177.5 ± 0.3 g/kg dw, respectively), followed by ashes (166.5 ± 0.9), indicative of a great amount of minerals. Additionally, good antioxidant and antibacterial activities were detected in the analyzed extracts. In general, our results contribute to extend the range of different, unexploited, and nutritionally balanced plant foods, such as Lactuca canadensis, that can and should be included in the daily diet.The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support by national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020) and national funding by FCT, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract for L.B., A.F. and M.I.D., and through the individual scientific employment program-contract for J.P. (CEECIND/01011/2018). The authors are also grateful to the project TRANSCoLAB (0612_TRANS_CO_LAB_2_P), to the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Regional Operational Program North 2020, within the scope of Project GreenHealth, Norte-01-0145-FEDER-000042. The authors C.T.P.C. and V.G.P.S. are grateful to the international mobility departments of the Federal University of Goiás and the Polytechnic Institute of Bragança for the opportunity for student exchange of C.T.P.C. and developing of the research with L. canadensis species.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Model-based estimation of transmissibility and reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 P.1 variant

Acknowledgements We are grateful for the collaborative work of the reviewers and the entire group of the Observatório COVID-19 BR. In particular, we thank Verônica Coelho for critical inputs. We also thank the research funding agencies: the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior—Brazil (Finance Code 001 to F.M.D.M., L.S.F. and T.P.P.), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico—Brazil (grant number: 315854/2020-0 to M.E.B., 141698/2018-7 to R.L.P.S., 313055/2020-3 to P.I.P., 312559/2020-8 to M.A.S.M.V., 311832/2017-2 to R.A.K., 305703/2019-6 to A.A.M.S.) and Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo—Brazil (grant number: 2019/26310-2 and 2017/26770-8 to C.F., 2018/26512-1 to O.C., 2018/24037-4 to S.P. and contract number: 2016/01343-7 to R.A.K.). The findings and conclusions in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention.Peer reviewe

Constraints on Inflation

A short introduction to structure formation is given, followed by a discussion of the possible characteristics of the initial perturbations assuming a generic inflationary origin. Observational data related to large-scale structure and the cosmic microwave background radiation is then used in an attempt to constrain the characteristics of such perturbations. Future directions are also explored. The possibility of direct detection of a stochastic gravitational wave background produced during an inflationary phase in the early Universe is briefly discussed, as well as the available evidence regarding the present value of the total energy density in the Universe.Comment: 24 pages, Latex, no figures, based on talks given at the Cargese School "Cosmology 2000", to be published in New Astronomy, companion paper to astro-ph/000949