Sexism free night : contributo para a caracterização do assédio e violência sexual em ambientes recreativos noturnos

O presente estudo visa explorar e descrever os consumos de substâncias psicoativas e a ocorrência de violência sexual que têm lugar em ambientes recreativos noturnos em Portugal. O principal objetivo é perceber de que forma é que o consumo de substâncias psicoativas e os diferentes tipos de violência sexual estão presentes nestes ambientes. Neste sentido, definiram-se os seguintes objetivos específicos: 1) descrever as características sociodemográficas dos frequentadores dos ambientes recreativos noturnos; 2) descrever a frequência e os padrões de consumo de SPAs em ambientes recreativos noturnos; 3) descrever a frequência e a predominância dos diferentes tipos de violência sexual nos ambientes recreativos noturnos; 4) descrever a perceção dos inquiridos face ao estado de consumo dos intervenientes de atos de violência sexual. Nos últimos 30 anos, os ambientes recreativos noturnos têm vindo a afirmar-se como importantes espaços-tempo de lazer nos estilos de vida pós-modernos e nas cidades globais. Estes ambientes reproduzem crenças que têm por base normas sociais hegemónicas baseadas num imaginário patriarcal e, muitas vezes, exacerbam desigualdades sociais e de género. Assim, estes, aliados aos consumos de substâncias psicoativas, atuam como facilitadores de violência de género e sexual que se encontra naturalizada, normalizada e generalizada, através do uso recorrente de imagens hipersexualizadas e estereotipadas de mulheres. Por ser um tema que pode causar alguns constrangimentos ao nível da obtenção de respostas sinceras, optou-se por uma metodologia quantitativa, recolhendo dados através de um questionário administrado online, dividido em 5 partes. Concluímos que o consumo de SPAs está bastante presente neste tipo de ambientes, nomeadamente o consumo de álcool onde 71,3% dos inquiridos afirmam consumir “sempre” e 68,2% “muitas vezes”. No que diz respeito à violência sexual observamos que a sua presença significativa nos ambientes recreativos noturnos portugueses, destacando-se os tipos de violência sexual considerados menos graves, como os “comentários sexuais incómodos” – (97,2%) ou a “insistência face a um não” – (90%) e registando-se alguns casos de violência considerada muito grave, como “atos sexuais com penetração com força física” (7,7%). Quanto aos “atos sexuais sem força física”, a percentagem sobe para o dobro, com 14,5% dos inquiridos a afirmarem que presenciaram situações deste tipo. Importa também referir que os frequentadores destes ambientes quando questionados sobre os estado dos intervenientes de atos de violência sexual, reportam que estes consumiram “pouco ou nada”. No entanto, a diferença é mais subtil na situação de “insistência face a um não”.This study aims to explore and describe the consumption of psychoactive substances and the occurrence of sexual violence that takes place in nighttime recreational environments in Portugal. The main objective is to understand how the consumption of psychoactive substances and the different types of sexual violence are present in these environments. In this sense, the following specific objectives were defined: 1) to know the sociodemographic characteristics of those who frequent night recreational environments; 2) know the frequency and consumption patterns of SPAs in nighttime recreational environments; 3) know the frequency and prevalence of different types of sexual violence in nighttime recreational environments; 4) know the respondents' perception regarding the consumption status of those involved in acts of sexual violence. Over the past 30 years, nighttime recreational environments have been asserting themselves as important leisure time-spaces in postmodern lifestyles and in global cities. These environments reproduce beliefs that are based on hegemonic social norms based on a patriarchal imagination and often exacerbate social and gender inequalities. Thus, these allies with the consumption of psychoactive substances, act as facilitators of gender and sexual violence that is naturalized, normalized and generalized, through the recurrent use of hypersexualized and stereotyped images of women. Thus, because it is a topic that could cause some constraints in terms of obtaining sincere answers, a quantitative methodology was chosen, collecting data through a questionnaire administered online, divided into 5 parts. We conclude that the consumption of SPAs is very present in these types of environments, namely the consumption of alcohol, where 71.3% of the respondents claim to consume "always" and 68.2% "often". With regard to sexual violence, we observed that its significant presence in Portuguese nighttime recreational environments, highlighting the types of sexual violence considered less serious, such as “uncomfortable sexual comments” - (97.2%) or “insistence on face to a no ”- (90%) and registering some cases of violence considered to be very serious, such as“ sexual acts with penetration with physical force ”(7.7%). As for “sexual acts without physical force”, the percentage rises to double, with 14.5% of respondents saying that they witnessed situations of this type. It is also important to mention that the users of these environments, when asked about the state of the actors of acts of sexual violence, report that they consumed “little or nothing”. However, the difference is more subtle in the situation of "insistence in the face of no"

Unraveling the genetic background of individuals with a clinical familial hypercholesterolemia phenotype

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common genetic disorder of lipid metabolism caused by pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in LDLR, APOB, and PCSK9 genes. Variants in FH-phenocopy genes (LDLRAP1, APOE, LIPA, ABCG5, and ABCG8), polygenic hypercholesterolemia, and hyperlipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] can also mimic a clinical FH phenotype. We aim to present a new diagnostic tool to unravel the genetic background of clinical FH phenotype. Biochemical and genetic study was performed in 1,005 individuals with clinical diagnosis of FH, referred to the Portuguese FH Study. A next-generation sequencing panel, covering eight genes and eight SNPs to determine LDL-C polygenic risk score and LPA genetic score, was validated, and used in this study. FH was genetically confirmed in 417 index cases: 408 heterozygotes and 9 homozygotes. Cascade screening increased the identification to 1,000 FH individuals, including 11 homozygotes. FH-negative individuals (phenotype positive and genotype negative) have Lp(a) >50 mg/dl (30%), high polygenic risk score (16%), other monogenic lipid metabolism disorders (1%), and heterozygous pathogenic variants in FH-phenocopy genes (2%). Heterozygous variants of uncertain significance were identified in primary genes (12%) and phenocopy genes (7%). Overall, 42% of our cohort was genetically confirmed with FH. In the remaining individuals, other causes for high LDL-C were identified in 68%. Hyper-Lp(a) or polygenic hypercholesterolemia may be the cause of the clinical FH phenotype in almost half of FH-negative individuals. A small part has pathogenic variants in ABCG5/ABCG8 in heterozygosity that can cause hypercholesterolemia and should be further investigated. This extended next-generation sequencing panel identifies individuals with FH and FH-phenocopies, allowing to personalize each person’s treatment according to the affected pathway

A investigação em fonologia do português Research in Portuguese phonology

Neste artigo pretende-se traçar uma panorâmica dos estudos de fonologia realizados em Portugal, com especial incidência nas análises formalizadas que se desenvolveram a partir da obra de Chomsky e Halle (1968). Na Introdução referem-se obras que marcaram a fonologia do Português Europeu antes dessa data, e apresentam-se os principais trabalhos de carácter dialectal e filológico, os estudos fonéticos e as obras que se integram na linguística estrutural. Na apresentação das análises formais distingue-se a fonologia generativa clássica das teorias que lhe sucederam O artigo tem um anexo que contém a bibliografia exaustiva dos livros e artigos publicados em Portugal a partir dos anos 70.<br>This paper is an overview of the phonological studies in Portuguese starting with the formal analyses developed in Portugal after the publication of The Sound Pattern of English (1968). The relevant works on European Portuguese published before Chomsky & Halle are included in the Introduction: the most important dialectal and philological works, phonetic studies as well as structural descriptions. Formal analyses are divided in two parts: those that follow standard generative phonology and those oriented by subsequent theories. The annex includes a comprehensive bibliography of all phonological books and papers published in Portugal after the seventies

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data