Avaliação do perfil de expressão de genes relacionados a via de microrna’s e apotose em células neurais infectadas experimentalmente pelo vírus Zika (ZIKV) / Evaluation of the expression of genes related to the microrna's via and apotose in neural cells experimentally infected by Zika Virus (ZIKV)

O vírus zika é um arbovírus transmitido por mosquitos Aedes, com ocorrência descrita juntamente com o aumento da microcefalia em recém nascidos. Tendo em vista a gravidade associada aos casos de microcefalia e outras desordens neurológicas, a Organização Mundial da Saúde chegou a caracterizá-lo como sendo de Emergência de Saúde Pública de Importância Nacional. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o perfil de expressão de genes que codificam proteínas-chave relacionadas ao microRNA e vias de apoptose em células neurais de roedores da família Muridae infectadas por esse vírus. As células neurais infectadas foram Neuro-2a, e os métodos empregados foram reação quantitativa em cadeia da transcrição reversa-polimerase e bioluminescência. A produção viral e a ativação da caspase-3/7 foram maiores às 96 horas após a infecção, bem como a expressão de genes que codificam Ago1, DGCR8, RIG-I e FAS-L

Inibidores de Ebna1 como alvos para terapias associadas a oncogênese do herpesvírus humano 4 / Ebna1 inhibitors as targets for therapies associated with oncogenesis of human herpesvirus 4

Introdução: O  vírus Epstein-Barr (EBV) ou Herpesvírus Humano 4 (HHV-4) está associado ao carcinoma nasofaríngeo e diferentes malignidades em pacientes infectados, as taxas de mortalidade destacam a necessidade de pesquisas direcionadas a oncogênese causada pelo vírus. A proteína antígeno nuclear 1 (EBNA1) tem sido alvo de pesquisas pela função de latência e replicação durante o processo oncogênico e inibidores anti-EBNA1 e EBV estão sendo amplamente testados. Metodologia: Esta pesquisa é uma revisão sistemática descritiva, a plataforma de busca para análise dos artigos foi o NCBI e lista de referência dos artigos selecionados. Os termos considerados foram: Antígenos nucleares EBV, Carcinoma nasofaríngeo, EBNA1, Inibidores de EBNA1. Os artigos escolhidos obedeceram o ano de 1998 a 2020. Objetivos: Analisar possíveis inibidores de EBNA1 e EBV sobre oncogênese do HHV-4. Resultados e discussão: Roscovitina, Poliamidas, Inibidores de Hsp90, Compostos SC7,11 e 19 e Antígenos direcionados para CDs in vivo e ex vivo tiveram alta eficiência em modelos experimentais de células infectadas para possíveis terapias anti-EBV e EBNA1. Conclusão: As pesquisas no uso de inibidores EBNA1 e EBV apresentaram resultados promissores onde as células que foram expostas a infecção causaram redução da replicação e depleção de genomas EBV. Outra descoberta que potencializa uma cura para EBV e bloqueio da atividade de latência EBNA1 é o uso de terapias adjuvantes como os inibidores checkpoint. 

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data