Socioenvironmental and nutritional factors associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection among schoolchildren in a public-school at south of Espírito Santo, Brazil / Factores socioambientais e nutricionais associados à infecção por Schistosoma mansoni entre crianças em idade escolar numa escola pública do sul do Espírito Santo, Brasil

Introduction: Schistosomiasis mansoni is a neglected tropical disease that still needs adequate efforts for its control. This study investigated the factors that may been corroborating to Schistosoma mansoni infection amongst scholar children living in Alegre, Brazil. Methods: A school-based transversal study was conducted with 55 schoolchildren aged 6-10 years enrolled in one full-time municipal school at Alegre-ES. All participants were evaluated by food quality consumed classified according to School Child Diet Index - Ales Index and by anthropometric parameters of nutritional status. A parasitological survey was performed in stool samples from children that accepted to bring them to the school. Results: Ales Index revealed 70.91% (39/55) low-quality feeding, 10.91% (06/55) intermediate-quality feeding and 18.18% (10/55) good-quality feeding. An overall of 3.64% (02/55) malnutrition, 3.64% (02/55) obesity, 9.09% (05/55) overweight and 83.64% (46/55) normal weight were verified by body mass index (BMI)/age. Height/age revealed 5.45% (03/55) short stature-for-age and 94.55% (52/55) adequate stature-for-age. Parasitological survey showed 4.0% (01/25) of children infected with both S. mansoni and Ancylostoma duodenale and another child (01/25) positive only to A. duodenale. There were associations between BMI/age and food quality (P < 0.05); intestinal polyparasitism and schistosomiasis mansoni (P < 0.05) and between the absence of sewage network with the occurrence of S. mansoni infection (P < 0.05). Conclusion: S. mansoni infection still needs to be controlled by efforts that improve environmental safety and may include the access to good-quality feeding and adequate hygienic sanitary conditions, even in areas considered as low endemicity to schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil. 

Isolation and identification of Mycobacterium bovis in cattle slaughtered from an abattoir in Garanhuns, Pernambuco

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease caused by the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (CMT), members including M. bovis. The sanitary inspection in slaughterhouses has a great importance on public health for the removal of contaminated meat with pathological lesions. Cattle slaughtered in the abattoir of Garanhuns were subjected to macroscopic, histological, bacteriological, and molecular analyses. Lung inspection revealed gross lesions suggestive of tuberculosis. The characterization of tuberculous granulomas was performed by histopathology and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. The identification of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) was performed on smears with fresh material and histological staining using Ziehl-Neelsen stain. Bacteriological diagnosis was carried out using Stonebrink and Lowenstein-Jensen media, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed from the DNA extracted from colonies for the identification of Mycobacterium spp. We found that 1% (32/3,.180) of the collected lungs showed lesions suggestive of tuberculosis. Histopathological analysis revealed that 65.62% (21/32) samples had granulomatous pneumonia. AFB was detected in 46.88% (15/32) smears and 4.16% (1/24) histological sections, as analyzed by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Moreover, 68.75% (22/32) samples showed bacterial growth and molecular identification 90% (18/20) of the samples were positive for M. bovis and 10% (2/20) for Mycobacterium sp. Thus, microbiological culture and PCR analyses revealed the high rate of bovine tuberculosis in this region, indicative of the need to disclose these results in the interest of public health. Consequently, we emphasize the need for an accurate macroscopic evaluation of lesions suggestive of bovine tuberculosis

Occurrence of Intestinal Parasites in Alouatta caraya of the Zoobotanical Park of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil

Background: The animals of the genus Alouatta are popularly known as Bugios, barbados, roncadores and guaribas, being the neotropical primates better studied in the world. They originate in South America, with records in Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay and Uruguay. Because of their migrations, many are found debilitated and taken to captivity until their rehabilitation and most cannot be reinserted in nature. They tend to live in extensive areas, having a low resistance against parasitic infections because of low exposure and when kept in captivity, the risks of these infections increase. Some diagnostic techniques can aid in the detection of parasites of zoo animals and can identify the parasitic fauna of these animals. The objective of this work was to investigate and report the presence of intestinal parasites in a female Bugio-preta (Alouatta caraya) captive of the Zoobotanical Park of the municipality of Teresina, Piauí, Brazil.Case: The animal presented a constipation signs before clinical signs of apathy, anorexia, diarrhea and weight loss, suggestive signs of parasitosis, Sterile papers were placed on the floor of the animal enclosure and collected fresh stools shortly after defecation, the feces were removed using gloves, stored in a capped containers, identified and taken to the Laboratory of Parasitology of the Department of Parasitology and Microbiology of the Federal University of Piauí, for further evaluation. The fecal samples were submitted to the techniques of spontaneous sedimentation (HPJ), centrifugation-flotation (Faust) and flotation method in hyper saturated sucrose solution (Willis-Mollay), obtaining slides that were analyzed under an optical microscope in the 10x and 40x objective, confirming the presence of ascarids and hookworms.Discussion: The results showed the presence of eggs of Ascaris sp. and Ancylostoma sp. in all of the analyzed techniques, thus maintaining an alert, since they are considered helminths of zoonotic character. The general state of the animal may have influenced considerably the result of mixed infection by helminths, since it had episodes of diarrhea and was skinny at the time of diagnosis. Diarrheal feces and slimming favor the encounter of mixed infection, since the parasites in large quantity can cause to their hosts a decrease in the absorption of nutrients and an intestinal peristalsis increase. Other works with primates also revealed the presence of parasites in animals, including protozoans. The collection moment and evaluation of the fecal samples of the Bugio coincided with the rainy period in the region. This fact can favor the increase of eggs and larvae of parasites in the environment and, consequently, can contaminate the animals. Regarding to sanitary management of zoos, areas full of plants and trees make it difficult to hygienize the enclosures and in these places is common the presence of other animals that can serve as carriers of pathogens. The available diagnostic great relevance to assess the degree of animal infection, the possibility of transmission and the sanitary conditions of the environment. It was concluded that the female Bugio of the Teresina Zoobotanical Park was parasitized by ascarids and hookworms and the techniques of parasitological exams performed represented great relevance for the early diagnosis and an appropriate treatment, being able to be used for the control of diseases parasites, mainly zoonoses

FREE THEMES Patterns of cancer-related internet searches: reactiveness; risks; the role of affect 862

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Levantamento epidemiológico da posição dos terceiros molares na clínica de radiologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará

Denominam-se dentes inclusos aqueles que, uma vez chegada à época normal em que deveriam irromper, ficam encerrados parcial ou totalmente no interior do osso, com manutenção ou não do saco pericoronário. A etiologia da impacção está relacionada principalmente à falta de espaço disponível na região, característica acentuada na população moderna, que parece apresentar menor crescimento ósseo, decorrente das alterações dos hábitos alimentares e melhores condições de saúde bucal. As classificações mais utilizadas para os dentes inclusos são a de Winter e Pell & Gregory. O objetivo desse trabalho foi verificar a prevalência dos terceiros molares, bem como realizar, um estudo detalhado daquele de maior freqüência quanto ao seu posicionamento. Tomando como base os prontuários dos pacientes da disciplina de Radiologia do curso de Odontologia da Universidade Federal do Ceará, no período 2007 à 2008. Foram examinadas 297 radiografias panorâmicas, sendo observados 887 dentes, dos quais 442 molares superiores e 445 inferiores. Foi realizada a distribuição em grupos etários por decênios, depois foi analisada a freqüência da posição dos terceiros molares baseado na classificação de Winter (1926) e Pell & Gregory (1933). Os resultados encontrados, de acordo com a classificação de Winter, foi uma maior freqüência dos molares superiores na posição vertical (64,26%) e dos molares inferiores na posição mésio-angulado (54,36%). De acordo com a classificação de Pell & Gregory, os 3º molares inferiores apresentaram-se em classe II em 72,8% e na posição A em 47,6% dos casos

From measurement data to environmental information : MARQUIS - A Multimodal AiR QUality Information Service for the general public

This article introduces the Multimodal AiR QUality Information Service for General Public MARQUIS. The service, which is based on air quality measurements, is able to provide information on air quality in Europe in a way that is easily understandable for the general public. The goal of the project is presented below with a special focus on the role of the users. Furthermore the architecture of the system and the components are described.10 page(s