NGC1277: a massive compact relic galaxy in the nearby Universe

As early as 10 Gyr ago, galaxies with more than 10^11 Msun in stars already existed. While most of these massive galaxies must have subsequently transformed through on-going star formation and mergers with other galaxies, a small fraction (<0.1%) may have survived untouched till today. Searches for such relic galaxies, useful windows to explore the early Universe, have been inconclusive to date: galaxies with masses and sizes like those observed at high redshift (M*>10^11 Msun; Re<1.5 kpc) have been found in the local Universe, but their stars are far too young for the galaxy to be a relic galaxy. This paper explores the first case of a nearby galaxy, NGC1277 (in the Perseus cluster at a distance of 73 Mpc), which fulfills all the criteria to be considered a relic galaxy. Using deep optical spectroscopy, we derive the star formation history along the structure of the galaxy: the stellar populations are uniformly old (>10 Gyr) with no evidence for more recent star formation episodes. The metallicity of their stars is super-solar ([Fe/H]=0.20+-0.04) and alpha enriched ([alpha/Fe]=0.4+-0.1). This suggests a very short formation time scale for the bulk of stars of this galaxy. This object also rotates very fast (Vrot~300 km/s) and has a large velocity dispersion (sigma>300 km/s). NGC1277 will allow future explorations in full detail of properties such as the structure, internal dynamics, metallicity, dust content and initial mass function at around 10-12 Gyr back in time when the first massive galaxies were built.Comment: 4 figures; Accepted for publication at ApJ Letter

Evolution of adolescent fertility after decriminalization of abortion in Montevideo, Uruguay

AbstractObjectiveTo analyze the effect on adolescent fertility in Montevideo of the Uruguayan law on the voluntary termination of pregnancy that was passed in 2012.MethodsThe change in the number of births to teenage mothers between 2010 and 2014 was analyzed, along with their characteristics before and after decriminalization of abortion.ResultsDescriptive analysis of abortion before and after decriminalization showed that there was no reduction, during the period analyzed, in adolescent fertility, nor any changes in the distribution of births.ConclusionThe normative change brought about by the law on the voluntary termination of pregnancy was not associated with any substantial change in the reproductive behavior of adolescents in Montevideo. We recommend that this analysis is taken further with impact evaluation methodologies

Impacto de la maternidad adolescente en los logros educativos

Based on the Survey on Social and Biological Reproduction of the Uruguayan Population: an approximation to gender and generations car- ried out by the Gender and Generations project in 2004, we study the e¤ect of teenage childbearing on educational outcomes of mothers. The predicted results show that women in the sample present a 58% probability of completing 9 or more years of formal education. Taking mothers education as a proxy of parental atmosphere, we .?nd that daughters of those mothers that completed at least secondary education have 21% more probability of completing 9 or more years of education. At the same time, early motherhood of the women?s mother and the number of siblings reduces the probability of educational achievements, as these variables indicate a low socioeconomic status of the household. As regards to the early motherhood of the women in the sample, it reduces the probability of completing 9 or more years of education by approximately 40%.teenage pregnancy, education, propensity score

Decisión sobre iniciación sexual: el caso de adolescentes uruguayas

We analyze teenage sexual initiation of Uruguayan women aged less than 24 years, by a multinomial logit model for the alternatives of not initiating, initiating without a contraceptive method and initiating with a contraceptive method. In the paper we ?nd three relevant results. First, the level of eduation has a strong impact on the probability of iniciating with a contraceptive method. Secondly, we observe that the information given through the educational system, substantially reduces the probability of initiating without methods. The information given through the health system, although it can be biased due to endogeneity problems, is exective as women that obtain it have higher probability of iniciating with the use of contraceptive methods. Finally, there is an intergenerational behavior transmittion. Those women whose mothers gave birth for the ?rst time as teenagers have less probability of not iniciating, while those with highly educated mothers is less probable that they iniciate without a contracewptive method.sexual initiation, adolescent sexual behavior, multinomial models

Los jóvenes en Uruguay: salud y redes sociales. Uruguay 2004

This paper studies the uruguayan young population between 14 and 29 years old. The contribution from young to the society is not limited exclusively to their economic contribution. It is essential in the social institutions as form of giving them the necessary flexibility to adapt to changes, biological reproduction and in the socialization of the new generations. The paper is based on a specific survey about Health and Social Networks carried out by the Department of Economics of Faculty of Social Sciences (UDELAR) in agreement with the Youth's National Institute. This survey covers different aspects of the socio-economic situation (household situation, situation during their first years of life, medical care, reproductive health, habits and social networks.health, labor market, young people, habits, social netwoks.

Telemedicine during the Covid-19 pandemic: the case of Uruguay

Telemedicine has been an important resource for achieving universal health coverage and mitigating access problems. The health crisis that arose as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic poses the challenge of increasing its incorporation and appropriation by users. This paper describes the use of telemedicine in Uruguay in the context of the pandemic, analysing the regulatory framework and the perception of health system users. Methods: We used information collected through interviews with qualified informants linked to the health system and two surveys, 2020 and 2021, on health and access to medical care during the pandemic in Uruguay. Results: During the health crisis, almost half of consultations were implemented through telemedicine. However, both users and institutions recognised that this modality was mainly carried out through telephone consultations, with great heterogeneity among providers. One of the possible problems of telemedicine refers to who defines the modality: the physician, the patient or the health centre, or whether it should be defined jointly. The survey results show that the consultation modality was mainly defined by users. Patients with chronic non-communicable diseases and those older than 54 years were among those who used non-face-to-face consultations the most. Conclusions: Telemedicine allowed for continuity of care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Uruguay. However, the surveys conducted and the available data show disparities in its use related to age, gender and health coverage, indicating that although it has potential, special attention should be paid to the supply and demand barriers that may arise in its implementation

Comunicaciones aplicadas a la teleoperación

Presentación de la plataforma experimental de teleoperación basada en el sistema Grips de Kraft Telerobotics y presentación del hardware desarrollado para su adaptación a una plataforma abierta. Exposición de las diferentes formas de conexión obtenidas a través del hardware desarrollado para cerrar un bucle de control en un sistema bilateral de teleoperación. Estudio de diferentes protocolos de comunicación muy extendidos como USB y Ethernet, explicando sus fundamentos principales y el funcionamiento básico, y su aplicación en la robótica, en particular en sistemas Bilaterales de Teleoperación con exigencias de tiempo real. Presentación de resultados obtenidos y comparación entre protocolos en diversas situaciones planteadas

A systematic mapping study on integration proposals of the personas technique in agile methodologies

Agile development processes are increasing their consideration of usability by integrating various user‐centered design techniques throughout development. One such technique is Personas, which proposes the creation of fictitious users with real preferences to drive application design. Since applying this technique conflicts with the time constraints of agile development, Personas has been adapted over the years. Our objective is to determine the adoption level and type of integration, as well as to propose improvements to the Personas technique for agile development. A systematic mapping study was performed, retrieving 28 articles grouped by agile methodology type. We found some common integration strategies regardless of the specific agile approach, along with some frequent problems, mainly related to Persona modelling and context representation. Based on these limitations, we propose an adaptation to the technique in order to reduce the creation time for a preliminary persona. The number of publications dealing with Personas and agile development is increasing, which reveals a growing interest in the application of this technique to develop usable agile softwareThis research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities research grant PGC2018-097265-B-I00, MASSIVE project (RTI2018-095255-B-I00) and by EIT-Health, grant number 19091 (POSITIVE project). This research was also supported by the Madrid Region R&D programme (project FORTE, P2018/TCS-4314

The Outcomes of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus after a Telecare Approach Are Not Inferior to Traditional Outpatient Clinic Visits

Objective. To evaluate the feasibility of a telemedicine system based on Internet and a short message service in pregnancy and its influence on delivery and neonatal outcomes of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods. 100 women diagnosed of GDM were randomized into two parallel groups, a control group based on traditional face-to-face outpatient clinic visits and an intervention group, which was provided with a Telemedicine system for the transmission of capillary glucose data and short text messages with weekly professional feedback. 97 women completed the study (48/49, resp.). Main Outcomes Measured. The percentage of women achieving HbA1c values <5.8%, normal vaginal delivery and having a large for-gestational-age newborn were evaluated. Results. Despite a significant reduction in outpatient clinic visits in the experimental group, particularly in insulin-treated women (2.4 versus 4.6 hours per insulin-treated woman resp.; P < .001), no significant differences were found between the experimental and traditional groups regarding HbA1c levels (all women had HbA1c <5.8% during pregnancy), normal vaginal delivery (40.8% versus 54.2%, resp.; P > .05) and large-for-gestational-age newborns (6.1% versus 8.3%, resp.; P > .05). Conclusions. The system significantly reduces the need for outpatient clinic visits and achieves similar pregnancy, delivery, and newborn outcomes

Ocean Circulation over North Atlantic underwater features in the path of the Mediterranean Outflow Water: Ormonde and Formigas seamounts, and the Gazul mud volcano

Seamounts constitute an obstacle to the ocean circulation, modifying it. As a result, a variety of hydrodynamical processes and phenomena may take place over seamounts, among others, flow intensification, current deflection, upwelling, Taylor caps, and internal waves. These oceanographic effects may turn seamounts into very productive ecosystems with high species diversity, and in some cases, are densely populated by benthic organisms, such corals, gorgonians, and sponges. In this study, we describe the oceanographic conditions over seamounts and other underwater features in the path of the Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW), where populations of benthic suspensions feeders have been observed. Using CTD, LADPC and biochemical measurements carried out in the Ormonde and Formigas seamounts and the Gazul mud volcano (Northeast Atlantic), we show that Taylor caps were not observed in any of the sampled features. However, we point out that the relatively high values of the Brunt–Väisälä frequency in the MOW halocline, in conjunction with the slope of the seamount flanks, set up conditions for the breakout of internal waves and amplification of the currents. This may enhance the vertical mixing, resuspending the organic material deposited on the seafloor and, therefore, increasing the food availability for the communities dominated by benthic suspension feeders. Thus, we hypothesize that internal waves could be improving the conditions for benthic suspension feeders to grow on the slope of seamounts.En prens