Simple Method for Perfect Reconstruction QMF Filter Design

The purpose of this work is the design of FIR QMF (Quadrature Mirror Filters) filters of perfect reconstruction and odd number of coefficients (even order). By design, these filters will have linear phase and integer delay. These filter pairs have many applications in wavelet transforms and other multi-frequency decompositions. Perfect reconstruction filters have been studied from long time ago but we still found publications about them.Comment: 3 pages, 5 figure

Meta-analysis: implications of interleukin-28B polymorphisms in spontaneous and treatment-related clearance for patients with hepatitis C

BACKGROUND: Since 2009, several studies have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) near the gene encoding for interleukin (IL)-28 (IL28B) that are strongly associated with spontaneous and treatment-induced hepatitis C virus (HCV) clearance. Because this large amount of data includes some inconsistencies, we consider assessment of the global estimate for each SNP to be essential. METHODS: Relevant studies assessing IL28B polymorphisms associated with sustained virologic response (SVR) and spontaneous clearance (SC) were identified from a literature search of PubMed up to 9 July, 2012. Studies were eligible studies if they included patients infected with HCV or HCV/HIV, or assessed any SNP located within or near the IL28B gene, SVR data available under standard treatment, and/or SC data in patients with acute HCV infection. Pooled odds ratios were estimated by fixed or random effects models when appropriate. Variables such as HCV genotype, ethnicity, and type of co-infection were studied. RESULTS: Of 282 screened studies, 67 were selected for SVR and 10 for SC. In total, 20,163 patients were studied for SVR and 3,554 for SC. For SVR, we found that all SNPs showed strong associations in patients with HCV genotypes 1 and 4, whereas the pooled ORs were almost three times lower for genotypes 2 and 3 (rs12979860 and rs8099917). Regarding ethnicity, the SNP most associated with SVR was rs12979860 in white patients, whereas in East Asians it seemed to be rs8099917. The most studied SNP (rs12979860) showed similar results for patients co-infected with HCV/HIV, as for those infected with HCV only. Finally, rs12979860 and rs8099917 both appeared to be associated with SC. CONCLUSIONS: IL28B polymorphisms influence both the outcome of interferon treatment and the natural clearance of HCV. However we did not identify a universal predictor SNP, as the best genetic markers differed depending on patient ethnicity, genotype, and type of infection. Nevertheless, our results may be useful for more precise treatment decision-making.This work was supported by grants from the 'Health Institute Carlos III (ISCIII)' [PI08/0738 and PI11/00245]. MAJS, AFR MGF and MGA were supported by the after grants [CM10/00105, PI08/0738, CM09/00031, and CM08/00101 respectively].S

Dual-band class J power amplifier at 2.45 and 5.8 GHz for UAVs communications

A hybrid dual-band power amplifier (PA) prototype working at two Industrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) bands, 2.4-2.5 GHz and 5.725-5.875 GHz, was designed for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) communication applications in Spain. Initially, two single-band PA prototypes centered at each band were designed to evaluate the single-band achievable RF performance. In all the PAs, the Gallium Nitride (GaN) Qorvo HEMT TGF2977-SM was used, as well as microstrip transmission lines technology. To achieve wideband, good linearity and efficiency, the PAs were designed in class J. The measured results for the dual-band PA prototype at the 2dB compression point at the lower and higher bands, respectively, are 14.8 dB and 11.2 dB of Transducer Power Gain ( GT ), 35.7 dBm and 34.8 dBm of RF output power (Pout) and 59.2% and 43.5% of Drain Efficiency ( η ). At 3dB compression the respective lower and higher bands results are 37.9 dBm and 37 dBm of Pout and 73.9% and 55% of η

Criterios de implementación ISO 14001:2015 Caso estudio sector transporte.

Diagrama de Flujo con las etapas del proceso, Matriz de los aspectos e Impactos Ambientales, Legislación Ambiental Aplicable y AmbientalEn el presente estudio se realiza a una empresa de transporte y encomiendas la cual se encuentra ubicada su sede principal y administrativa en la ciudad de Neiva, Huila, siendo esta una empresa que cuenta con sucursales a nivel nacional; categorizada como una empresa de transporte público terrestre de pasajeros y encomiendas; con operación socialmente responsable que busca en todo momento la satisfacción de los clientes, asociados, colaboradores, proveedores, contratistas. contratistas.In the present study is carried out a transport company and encomiendas which is located its main and administrative headquarters in the city of Neiva, Huila, this being a company that has branches nationwide; categorized as a public land transport company for passengers and parcels; with a socially responsible operation that seeks at all times the satisfaction of customers, associates, collaborators, suppliers, contractors

Are Major Repeater Patients Addicted to Suicidal Behavior?

The literature provides support for the hypothesis that some major repeaters (individuals with \u3e=5 lifetime suicide attempts) are addicted to suicidal behavior (SB). This study explores whether major repeaters are addicted to SB or not using 7 criteria: tolerance (Criterion 1), withdrawal (Criterion 2), loss of control (Criterion 3), problems in quitting/cutting down (Criterion 4), much time spent using (Criterion 5), substantial reduction in activities (Criterion 6), and adverse physiological/physical consequences (Criterion 7). Total dependence on SB was indicated by the presence of 3 or more of the 7 criteria in the last 12 months. This cross-sectional study at Puerta de Hierro University Hospital (Madrid, Spain) recruited 118 suicide attempters including 8 major repeaters (7%, 8/118), who were all females. The association between each SB addiction criterion, physiological dependence and total dependence with major repeater status was tested for significance and for effect size with odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals. As hypothesized, major repeaters met significantly higher frequency of criteria for total dependence on SB, OR=62.9 (6.4-615). A backward stepwise logistic regression model was used to provide an OR between major repeater status and total dependence status corrected by confounding variables. Age, panic disorder without agoraphobia, borderline personality disorder, history of psychiatric inpatient admission, and total dependence on SB were introduced as independent variables with major repeater status as the dependent variable. The model selected total dependence and age as the remaining significant variables in the last step. Accordingly, major repeaters appear to be addicted to SB

rs7903146 polymorphism at transcription factor 7 like 2 gene is associated with total cholesterol and lipoprotein profile in HIV/hepatitis C virus-coinfected patients

Transcription factor 7 like 2 (TCF7L2) rs7903146 polymorphism has been associated with metabolic disturbance and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to analyze the association between TCF7L2 rs7903146 polymorphism and potential disturbances on the lipid profile in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/hepatitis C virus (HCV)-coinfected patients. We performed a cross-sectional study on 263 HIV/HVC-coinfected patients. TCF7L2 polymorphism was genotyped by GoldenGate assay. The analysis was performed by linear and logistic regression under a dominant model of inheritance. The variables analyzed were total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), non-HDL-C, and triglycerides. Patients harboring the rs7903146 TT/TC genotype showed a diminished concentration of TC (p=0.003), LDL-C (p=0.004), HDL-C (p=0.012), and non-HDL-C (p=0.013), a lower percentage of TC≥200 mg/dl (p=0.038), and a higher percentage of HDL≤40 mg/dl (p=0.023). In addition, we observed that rs7903146 was differently related to fasting serum lipid levels according to the HCV-genotype (HCV-GT). With regard to HCV-GT1 patients, the rs7903146 TT/TC genotype was associated with lower levels of HDL-C [adjusted arithmetic mean ratio (aAMR)=0.91; p=0.049] and an elevated percentage of patients with HDL-C≤40 mg/dl [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=3.26; p=0.003]. For HCV-GT3 patients, the rs7903146 TT/TC genotype was associated with lower serum values of TC (aAMR=0.81; p=0.037), LDL-C (aAMR=0.67; p=0.001), and non-HDL-C (aAMR=0.75; p=0.002) and a reduced percentage of TC≥200 mg/dl (aOR=0.089; p=0.037). In conclusion, the TCF7L2 rs7903146 TT/TC genotype was associated with lower levels of TC, LDL, and HDL in HCV-GT3 patients, and lower levels of HDL-C in HCV-GT1 patients, suggesting a role in cardiovascular disease and a potential use as a biomarker in HIV/HCV-coinfected patients.D.P.T., M.A.JS., and M.G.A. have received research funding from “Instituto de Salud Carlos III” [grants CM12/00043, CM10/00105, and CD12/00442, respectively]. J.B. is an investigator from the Programa de Intensificación de la Actividad Investigadora en el Sistema Nacional de Salud (I3SNS). This work has been supported by grants from Fondo de Investigación de Sanidad en España (FIS) [Spanish Health Funds for Research] [grants PI08/0738, PI11/00245; PI08/0928, and PI11/01556], and “Fundación para la Investigación y la Prevención del Sida en España” (FIPSE) [grant 361020/10]. This work has been (partially) funded by the RD12/0017/0024 and RD12/0017/0004 projects as part of the Plan Nacional R+D+I and cofinanced by ISCIII––Subdirección General de Evaluación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER).S

Legitimidades en disputa: la construcción estatal en escenarios de posconflicto

Esquemáticamente, se puede plantear que gran parte de las investigaciones sobre la paz en Colombia se centran en las dinámicas de victimización y en la lógica del conflicto. En efecto, las series del Centro Nacional de Memoria Histórica parten de esta perspectiva, aun cuando han referido estrategias de resistencia local y mencionan numerosos casos de construcción de paz en medio de la guerra. La paz desde la perspectiva del conflicto, se define como un proceso de desarme, reintegración y reparación. Sin embargo, vienen emergiendo otras lecturas que enfatizan las capacidades de las comunidades locales para soportar, negociar e, incluso, oponerse a los actores armados (Salamanca y Uribe, 2019). En esta línea, la paz se propone como un proceso que implica la transformación de relaciones de poder y de conflictos que emergen una vez se silencian los fusiles (Mac Ginty, 2008, 2010; Roberts, 2011). Esta perspectiva abre espacios para concepciones que superan la llamada estatalización y securitization de la paz. De esto trata este capitul

Two interlinked bistable switches govern mitotic control in mammalian cells

Distinct protein phosphorylation levels in interphase and M phase require tight regulation of Cdk1 activity [1, 2]. A bistable switch, based on positive feedback in the Cdk1 activation loop, has been proposed to generate different thresholds for transitions between these cell-cycle states [3, 4, 5]. Recently, the activity of the major Cdk1-counteracting phosphatase, PP2A:B55, has also been found to be bistable due to Greatwall kinase-dependent regulation [6]. However, the interplay of the regulation of Cdk1 and PP2A:B55 in vivo remains unexplored. Here, we combine quantitative cell biology assays with mathematical modeling to explore the interplay of mitotic kinase activation and phosphatase inactivation in human cells. By measuring mitotic entry and exit thresholds using ATP-analog-sensitive Cdk1 mutants, we find evidence that the mitotic switch displays hysteresis and bistability, responding differentially to Cdk1 inhibition in the mitotic and interphase states. Cdk1 activation by Wee1/Cdc25 feedback loops and PP2A:B55 inactivation by Greatwall independently contributes to this hysteretic switch system. However, elimination of both Cdk1 and PP2A:B55 inactivation fully abrogates bistability, suggesting that hysteresis is an emergent property of mutual inhibition between the Cdk1 and PP2A:B55 feedback loops. Our model of the two interlinked feedback systems predicts an intermediate but hidden steady state between interphase and M phase. This could be verified experimentally by Cdk1 inhibition during mitotic entry, supporting the predictive value of our model. Furthermore, we demonstrate that dual inhibition of Wee1 and Gwl kinases causes loss of cell-cycle memory and synthetic lethality, which could be further exploited therapeutically