Ecological Inference with Entropy Econometrics: using the Mexican Census as a benchmark

Most regional empirical analyses are limited by the lack of data. Researchers have to use information that is structured in administrative or political regions which are not always economically meaningful. The non-availability of geographically disaggregated information prevents to obtain empirical evidence in order to answer some relevant questions in the field of urban and regional economics. The objective of this paper is to suggest an estimation procedure, based on entropy econometrics, which allows for inferring disaggregated information on local income from more aggregated data. In addition to a description of the main characteristics of the proposed technique, the paper illustrates how the procedure works taking as an empirical application the estimation of income for different classes of Mexican municipalities. It would be desirable to apply the suggested technique to a study case where some observable data are available and confront the estimates with the actual observations. For this purpose, we have taken the information contained in the Mexican census as a benchmark for our estimation technique. Assuming that the only available data are the income aggregates per type of municipality and State, we make an exercise of ecological inference and disaggregate these margins to recover individual (local) data.

The human side of leadership: Inspirational leadership effects on follower characteristics and happiness at work (HAW)

Leadership has received significant attention over the past years. Now is the time to refine how leaders impact on followers and their attitudes. This study examines how inspirational leaders influence follower characteristics (FC), and in turn, their happiness at work. In this study, the mediating effect of follower characteristics in the relationship between inspirational leadership and happiness at work was specifically examined. Data was gathered from 389 frontline banking employees working in Italian and Spanish banks. A confirmatory factor analysis revealed a positive partial mediating role of follower characteristics in the relationship between inspirational leadership and happiness at work. Results showed that inspirational leadership exerts a more positive influence on followers' happiness at work when follower characteristics are more positive. Our discussion highlights the importance of understanding the role of the follower characteristics that are involved in the effectiveness of inspirational leadership

¿Los errores en las asignaciones de procedencia llevan a subestimar la biodiversidad de las aguas subterráneas?

Individuos de ciertos taxa (e.g., hidrácaros y crustáceos) que pueblan aguas subterráneas son coleccionados ocasionalmente en ríos y arroyos y asignados erróneamente al hábitat bentónico. Esto sucede a pesar de su morfología típica de estigobiontes o habitantes del medio subterráneo. Analizo aquí algunas causas de estas inesperadas colecciones. A partir del conocimiento del intercambio de agua subterránea y superficial y de su impacto en la ecología del hábitat acuático, remarco su importancia para el estudio de la biodiversidad acuática.Individuals of certain taxa (e.g., water mites and crustaceans) collected from streams and rivers are often assigned to a surficial benthic origin when the animals clearly display subterranean morphological characteristics. This paper addresses reasons for these errors and proposes ways to minimize such mistakes when sampling.Fil: Fernandez, Hugo Rafael. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Tucumán. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo; Argentin

ABO Blood Group Type and Susceptibility to COVID-19 Infection

Since December 2019, the SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) pandemic has continued to extend over most of the world, infecting over four million people and causing well over 300,000 deaths so far (https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html, accessed on May 14, 2020). A significant percentage of infected patients develop severe symptoms and life-threatening conditions. While COVID-19 infection can affect all ages, available evidence points to older age and pre-existing comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes and coronary heart disease, as important risk factors related to increased mortality rates. [1-3] Moreover, recent reports from China and the U.S. have suggested that the susceptibility, and perhaps even mortality, to Covid-19 infection might be influenced by the ABO blood type. The purpose of the present minireview is to analyze the evidence published in the COVID-19 literature and to put it in the context of the existing knowledge about the association of blood group types and disease

Wheels within Wheels within Wheels: The Importance of Capital Inflows in the Origin of the Spanish Financial Crisis

With the creation of the Euro, the Spanish economy established an exchange rate regime similar to that adopted by many emerging economies during the 1990s. At the same time, the Eurozone as a whole adopted a currency system with features similar to the U.S. currency regime. In emerging economies, as in the U.S. economy, the adoption of these models was accompanied by strong growth in capital inflows, as well as severe financial (mostly banking) and/or macroeconomic (mostly trade) imbalances. Several authors have linked capital inflows with imbalances as cause and effect. This work uses some of those arguments, along with statistical data on the characteristics and evolution of capital inflows registered by the Spanish economy, and by the Eurozone as a whole, in order to propose a causal link between post-Euro exchange rate regimes adopted in Spain, capital inflows, and the imbalances that preceded the financial crisis of 2008

Profile of residents: attitude towards tourism in Benalmádena (Costa del Sol, Spain)

Tourism development and evolution along the time causes multiple impacts. Based on characteristic profiles of resident, these impacts may be assessed differently. The attitude of residents and the identification of profiles is a tool that allows to asses the status of destination and propose future strategies for improving the destination. This study aims to analyse the role of residents regarding the perception of tourism.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech. Así mismo, Esta investigación ha sido subvencionada por el programa Nacional de Investigación Básica 2012, CS2010-30840. "Geografías de la crisis: analisis urbano turístico de las Islas Baleares, Costa del Sol y principales destinos en el Caribe

Residents´ perceptions of tourism development in Benalmádena (Spain)

DOI: 10.1016/j.tourman.2015.11.007This study examines the residents´ perceptions of the impact of tourism in Benalmádena, and the profiles of the residents according to socio-demographic characteristics. A questionnaire assessed how these characteristics influence the residents' perceptions towards the environment, economy, and socio-cultural aspects. The survey was administered to a stratified sample of 770 residents in Benalmádena. Results show a significant effect of socio-demographic variables on perception of tourism impact. The educational background, place of birth and how long respondents had been living in the community explain a significant amount of the variance in overall attitudes. Interaction analyses revealed that place of birth moderated the relationship between the tourism dimensions and the years of residence. For instance, the respondents with less than five years of residence showed more positive attitude towards the impact of tourism. We offer a profile of these residents according to their perceptions of the impact of tourism in their community.This research has received funding from the Spanish Government, Fundamental Research Program (R+D) (CSO2012-30840), “Geographies of crisis: analysis of urban and tourist territories of the Balearic Islands, Costa del Sol and main tourist destinations of the Caribbean and Central America”. Andalucia Tech, Universidad de Málaga, Spain

Determination and Classification of the Speech Act of Proposal in the Russian Language

This article provides a study of the definition and classification of the speech act of proposal in the Russian language. Speech acts, understood as the minimum unit of speech activity, is an elementary link of communication and the most important part of linguistic pragmatics. Scholars have already studied many different speech acts, such as speech act (SA) requests, complaints, and refusals. However, little attention is paid to the study of the Russian speech act of proposal. This belongs to the directive speech acts in relation to their realization, the cultural background against which  they are realized and their perception, for example, by Chinese speakers. The results of the paper suggest that proposals in Russian have to be studied in their cultural environment as a way to improve the teaching and learning and translation studies  of this language in China and avoid misunderstandings in the ongoing relations between the two countries, thus leading to help to achieve the goals of successful communicative contacts. Keywords: speech act, proposal, linguo-pragmatics, intercultural communication, language teaching, language translation and interpretatio