ÁGUA E DESENVOLVIMENTO HUMANO

O município de Itaituba está localizado a uma latitude 04º16'34 sul e a uma longitude 55º59'01 oeste, na margem esquerda do rio Tapajós, que é um dos principais rios do estado do Pará, fazendo parte da bacia amazônica, a maior bacia hidrográfica do mundo. Devido no passado este município ter sua economia baseada na alta exploração do ouroocorreu a migração de diversas regiões do país, entretanto este aumento populacional, fez com que houvesse a construção de núcleos habitacionais desorganizados com grande quantidades de casas estilo palafitas. Assim, realizouse uma pesquisa nas residências localizadas à margem do Rio Tapajós com o objetivo de constatar como ocorre o lançamento de efluentes das mesmas e verificar o índice de doenças relacionadas à contaminação hídrica adquirida pelos moradores do bairro, onde se observou que não há saneamento básico e os seus efluentes são despejados diretamente no rio, afetando a qualidade de vida da população que utiliza este recurso hídrico para seu consumo, por isso, espera-se conscientizar a população da importância de conservá-lo, bem como  sensibilizar o poder público da necessidade de implantação de sistemas de saneamento básico em comunidades que vivem nas margens do Tapajós,pois os corpos hídricos são sensíveis a alterações na cobertura do planeta Terra e estas podem ameaçar à manutenção de áreas de usos  conservacionistas

Análise da dinâmica: população, ciclos econômicos e sistema de abastecimento de água do município de Itaituba-Pará

The main purpose of this assignment was to examine the water supplies development in the city of Itaituba, considering that it went through a very quick economic and spatial growth and na increase in population could also be observed. It was necessary to carry out a bibliographic research based on the historical context its economy, the spatial growth and the given increase in population as well as the development of water supplies in areas where studies were done and the future perspective for the enlargement of water supply systems according to the increase in population and the city’s current economic cycle. From the theoretical assumptions and the documental analysis, we could realize that the city in question showed a significant increase in population in certain periods owing to economic cycles developed in the region but there was not any investment in urban infrastructure, just like when it came to the water supplies that were implanted in 1971 when it ranged 22,55% in terms of provision and in 2010 that rate decreased to 8,01%. From the diagnosis of water supply systems and their being related to economic cycles and demographic rates, we intend to provide the city with means to creat a Basic Municipal Sanitation Plan.Este trabalho teve como objetivo examinar a evolução do sistema de abastecimento de água da sede do município de Itaituba-PA, considerando que a mesma passou por um rápido processo de crescimento econômico, espacial e populacional. Para isso foi necessário realizar uma pesquisa bibliográfica com base no contexto histórico da economia, do crescimento populacional e espacial da cidade, na evolução do sistema de abastecimento de água da área em estudo e as perspectivas futuras para ampliação do sistema de abastecimento de água de acordo com o crescimento populacional e o ciclo econômico atual da cidade. A partir dos pressupostos teóricos e das análises documentais observou-se que a cidade de Itaituba teve significativo crescimento populacional em determinados períodos devido aos ciclos econômicos desenvolvidos na região, mas não houve investimento na infraestrutura urbana do mesmo, como o sistema de abastecimento de água, uma vez que na sua implantação, em 1971 o índice de atendimento era de 29,55% e em 2010 esse índice decresceu para 8,01%. A partir da realização do diagnóstico do sistema de abastecimento de água e sua relação com os ciclos econômicos e os índices demográficos pretende-se proporcionar subsídios para elaboração do Plano Municipal de Saneamento Básico

O SISTEMA DE ABASTECIMENTO DE ÁGUA DO MUNICÍPIO DE ITAITUBA-PARÁ: ASPECTOS HISTÓRICOS E SUSTENTABILIDADE

O município de Itaituba está localizado à margem esquerda do rio Tapajós, que é um dos principais rios do estado do Pará, fazendo parte da bacia amazônica, a maior bacia hidrográfica do mundo. Entretanto, o aumento populacional, o desenvolvimento da agropecuária e a exploração do ouro na região têm gerado aporte de contaminantes nesse importante rio, sabendo que o abastecimento de água de Itaituba provém do rio Tapajós que se observa a necessidade de comparar o desenvolvimento do sistema de abastecimento de água realizado no município frente ao crescimento econômico e populacional. Por isso, realizou-se um levantamento bibliográfico do histórico da evolução econômica, populacional e do sistema de abastecimento de água da área em estudo. A partir das análises pretende-se demonstrar os resultados e esclarecer para a população a importância de conservar os recursos hídricos

Nitrogen Transfer from Cover Crop Residues to Onion Grown under Minimum Tillage in Southern Brazil

<div><p>ABSTRACT Nitrogen derived from cover crop residues may contribute to the nutrition of onion grown under minimum tillage (MT) and cultivated in rotation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the N transferred from different cover crop residues to the onion crop cultivated under MT in southern Brazil. In June 2014, oilseed radish, black oat, and oilseed radish + black oat residues labeled with 15N were deposited on the soil surface before transplanting onions. During the growth season and at harvest, young expanded onion leaves, complete plants, and samples from different soil layers were collected and analyzed for recovery of 15N-labeled residue. Oilseed radish decomposed faster than other residues and 4 % of residue N was recovered in leaves and bulbs at harvest, but in general, N in plant organs was derived from sources other than the cover crop residues. In addition, leaf N was in the proper range for all treatments and was adequately mobilized to the bases for bulbing. The N derived from decomposing residues contributed little to onion development and the use of these plants should be chosen based on their advantages for physical and biological soil quality.</p></div

To be or not to B27 positive: implications for the phenotypes of axial spondyloarthritis outcomes. Data from a large multiracial cohort from the Brazilian Registry of Spondyloarthritis

Abstract Background There is a remarkable variability in the frequency of HLA-B27 positivity in patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA), which may be associated with different clinical presentations worldwide. However, there is a lack of data considering ethnicity and sex on the evaluation of the main clinical and prognostic outcomes in mixed-race populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of HLA-B27 and its correlation with disease parameters in a large population of patients from the Brazilian Registry of Spondyloarthritis (RBE). Methods The RBE is a multicenter, observational, prospective cohort that enrolled patients with SpA from 46 centers representing all five geographic regions of Brazil. The inclusion criteria were as follow: (1) diagnosis of axSpA by an expert rheumatologist; (2) age ≥18 years; (3) classification according to ASAS axial. The following data were collected via a standardized protocol: demographic data, disease parameters and treatment historical. Results A total of 1096 patients were included, with 73.4% HLA-B27 positivity and a mean age of 44.4 (±13.2) years. Positive HLA-B27 was significantly associated with male sex, earlier age at disease onset and diagnosis, uveitis, and family history of SpA. Conversely, negative HLA-B27 was associated with psoriasis, higher peripheral involvement and disease activity, worse quality of life and mobility. Conclusions Our data showed that HLA-B27 positivity was associated with a classic axSpA pattern quite similar to that of Caucasian axSpA patients around the world. Furthermore, its absence was associated with peripheral manifestations and worse outcomes, suggesting a relevant phenotypic difference in a highly miscegenated population

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P &lt; 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)