Warm molecular gas, dust and ionized gas in the 500 central pc of the Galaxy

We present infrared and millimeter observations of molecular gas, dust and ionized gas towards a sample of clouds distributed along the 500 central pc of the Galaxy. The clouds were selected to investigate the physical state, in particular the high gas temperatures, of the Galactic center region (GCr) clouds located far from far-infrared of thermal radio continuum sources. We have found that there is ionized gas associated with the molecular gas. The ionizing radiation is hard (~35000 K) but diluted due to the inhomogeneity of the medium. We estimate that ~30 % of the warm molecular gas observed in the GCr clouds is heated by ultra-violet radiation in photo-dissociation regions.Comment: 5 pages, to be published in: Astron. Nachr., Vol. 324, No. S1 (2003), Special Supplement "The central 300 parsecs of the Milky Way", Eds. A. Cotera, H. Falcke, T. R. Geballe, S. Markof

A Generalized Endogenous Grid Method for Non-concave Problems

This paper extends Carroll's (2006) endogenous grid method and its combination with value function iteration by Barillas and Fern�ndez-Villaverde (2007) to non-concave problems. The method is illustrated using a consumer problem in which consumers choose both durable and non-durable consumption. The durable choice is discrete and subject to non-convex adjustment costs. The algorithm yields substantial gains in accuracy and computational time relative to value function iteration, the standard solution choice for non-concave problems.Endogenous grid method, Non-concavity

Cimientos, las estructuras y el silencio

36 p. Recurso Electr?nicoEste resultado art?stico es producto de la cavilaci?n de mi pasado familiar, aludiendo los procesos de mis abuelos, sus vidas, migraciones y nuevos comienzos recreados con relaci?n a sus territorios y en la perdida de estos, como parte de la herencia simb?lica producto de esta sucesi?n que hace parte de la construcci?n social como individuo. Este trabajo se cimienta territorialmente en Armero ?Tolima-, con relaci?n a la avalancha del 13 de noviembre de 1985, que se propone como fuente de este paradigma, esta cat?strofe hace referencia a los sobrevivientes y con esto a sus descendientes, los cuales hacen parte de esta lectura sensible del territorio y la experiencia del ser desplazado. Dentro de este contexto la casa, recoge un valor significativo que resguarda relaci?n con las percepciones que constituye est? como unidad familiar, frente a la perdida y el desamparo autom?tico que se presenta con este hecho. La representaci?n de la estructura como expresi?n metaf?rica de la disposici?n familiar y su perdida, dialoga con la acci?n de reconstruirse como parte de levantarse, proponiendo as? la edificaci?n como semblanza de la familia que expresa en s? misma y de manera palpable la medula de una organizaci?n, una posici?n geogr?fica y social, la cual representa toda una producci?n que personifica toda una consistencia para el desarrollo de la vida. Esta reflexi?n, que entrelaza elementos org?nicos -guaduas- e inorg?nicos ?piezas y andamios de construcci?n, refiere a este devenir insinuaciones de la herencia simb?lica derivada de la experiencia de la transici?n en la perdida. Palabras Claves: Soportar ? ErguirThis artistic result is the product of the worrying of my family past, alluding to the process of my grandparents, their lifes, migrations and new beginnings recreated with relation to their territories and the loss of these, as a part of the symbolic legacy, product of this succession that belongs to the social construction as individual. This work is based territorially on Armero-Tolima, in relation with the avalanche of november 13th of 1985, that is proposed as source of this paradigm. This catastrophe refers to the survivors and with they, to their descendants, who are part of this sensitive reading of the territory and the experience of being displaced. Within this context, the house collects a significant value that keeps relation with the perceptions that makes of this a family unit, in front of the loss and the automatic abandonment present by this incident. The representation of the structure as a metaphorical expression of the family disposition and its loss, dialogue with the action of regenerating as part of get up, proposing the edification as family semblance, that expresses itself and of touching form the marrow of an organization, a social and geographic position, that represents a whole production that embodies completely a consistence for the life development. This reflection, that intertwines organic elements ?guaduas- and inorganic, like construction pieces and scaffolds, refers to this becoming of insinuations of the symbolic legacy derived from the experience of the transition in the loss. Keyword: support ? lift u

Numerical simulation of dark lanes in post-flare supra-arcade

We integrate the MHD ideal equations to simulate dark void sunwardly moving structures in post--flare supra--arcades. We study the onset and evolution of the internal plasma instability to compare with observations and to gain insight into physical processes and characteristic parameters of these phenomena. The numerical approach uses a finite-volume Harten-Yee TVD scheme to integrate the 1D1/2 MHD equations specially designed to capture supersonic flow discontinuities. The integration is performed in both directions, the sunward radial one and the transverse to the magnetic field. For the first time, we numerically reproduce observational dark voids described in Verwichte et al. (2005). We show that the dark tracks are plasma vacuums generated by the bouncing and interfering of shocks and expansion waves, upstream an initial slow magnetoacoustic shock produced by a localized deposition of energy modeled with a pressure perturbation. The same pressure perturbation produces a transverse to the field or perpendicular magnetic shock giving rise to nonlinear waves that compose the kink--like plasma void structures, with the same functional sunward decreasing phase speed and constancy with height of the period, as those determined by the observations.Comment: Accepted MNRAS, 6 pages, 7 figure

How do companies report information about their suppliers in their non-financial reports

This paper describes how companies report information related to the relationship with their suppliers through their non-financial reports. This qualitative research uses the tools of the grounded theory method to code pieces of text from public documents disclosed by companies such as annual reports, sustainability reports and any other document, excluding financial reports, related to their suppliers. The coding process resulted in two types of codes. The first type describes actions and requirements related to environment, ethics, human rights and management systems that companies disclose about their suppliers. The second type of codes describes how this information is presented. After comparing these two types of codes with the help of NVivo software, we were able to identify different reporting strategies and disclosure preferences that companies have. This will be described in the Discussion section of the paper

The Suma De Geographia By Fernández De Enciso, 1519: Piloting and Geography

In this article we delve into the text of Mart n Fern ndez de Enciso from a global perspective after analyzing the general aspects the specific contents methods of astronomical positioning descriptive geography the adaptation of the text to teaching and the modernity band framed in the formation of the pilots of the Carrera de Indias of the time slot in which it edited As a result the Suma de Geographia is a manual for the pilots of the Carrera de Indias made up of the three subjects necessary for the pilot of the time astronomy navigation and geograph

The Cross-Border Condition in Experimental Contemporary Poetry

This work analyzes the cross-border category as a compositional and discursive condition of contemporary experimental poetic writings within an interdisciplinary and intermedia theoretical framework The cross-border as a topological metaphor encompasses formal compositional discursive and metapoetic aspects and can be defined as a prevailing aesthetic condition marked by principles of displacement and delocalization as well as by the absence of systematization hybridity and transmediality The study analyzes recent texts by Spanish experimental poets David Fern ndez Rivera Giusseppe Dom nguez and Alfonso Aguado Ortu o in which cross-border is a form of aesthetic and cultural knowledge productio

Estudy the Effect of Breast Cancer on Tlr2 Expression in Nb4 Cell

Background: Breast cancer is the most common neoplasm in women and the most frequent cause of death in those between 35 and 55 years of age. All multicellular organisms have an innate immune system, whereas the adaptive or 'acquired' immune system is restricted to vertebrates. This study focused on the effect of conditioned medium isolated from cultured breast cancer cells on NB4 neutrophil-like cells. Materials and Methods: In the current study neutrophil-like NB4 cells were incubated with MCF-7 cell-conditioned medium. After 6 h incubation the intracellular receptor TLR2, was analyzed. Results: The results revealed that MCF-7 cell-conditioned medium elicited expression of TLR2 in NB4 cells. Conclusions: This treatment would result in the production of particular stimulants (i.e. soluble cytokines), eliciting the expression of immune system receptors. Furthermore, the flow cytometry results demonstrated that MCF-7 cell-conditioned medium elicited an effect on TLR2 intracellular receptors