Contribución al conocimiento de la secuencia arqueológica y el hábitat del Holoceno inicial en el Maestrazgo

Se presenta el estudio de un total de cinco yacimientos localizados en el tramo superior del Riu de les Coces (Alt Maestral, Castellón). Partiendo de los problemas derivados de la naturaleza de la información manejada se aborda su contextualización en el marco de la secuencia arqueológica y del hábitat del Holoceno inicial en el Maestrazgo y en el contexto regional. Los resultados obtenidos permiten por un lado, relativizar la idea de una secuencia local continua e ininterrumpida desde el Magdaleniense superior hasta el Mesolítico Reciente, y por otro. la sucesión de dos modelos diferentes de ocupación del territorio

Spatiotemporal patterns on the appearance of the first trapeze industries in the Late Mesolithic of the Iberian Peninsula

The spread of trapeze industries (the creation of trapeze-shaped flint tips) during Late Mesolithic is one of the most disruptive phenomena of technological change documented in the European Prehistory. Understanding the chronological patterns of this process requires (i) a critical evaluation of stratigraphic relationship between trapeze assemblages and radiocarbon samples, and (ii) considering different levels of chronological uncertainty according to the inbuilt age of the samples and the calibration process. In this paper, we critically evaluate and analyze the radiocarbon record of the first trapeze industries in the Iberian Peninsula. A dataset of 181 radiocarbon dates from 67 sites dated to 8800–8200 cal BP was collected and evaluated following a strict data quality control protocol, from which 135 dates of 53 sites were retained and classified according to a reliability index. Then, three different phase Bayesian chronological models were created to estimate the duration of the first spread of trapezes across Iberia, considering different levels of chrono-stratigraphic resolution. We find that trapeze industries appeared in the eastern half of Iberia, over an area of 330,000 km2 between 8505–8390 and 8425–8338 cal BP, spanning 0–85 yr (95.4% CI). When the oldest evidence of trapezes from Portugal are considered, the probability distribution expands (8943–8457 and 8686–7688 cal BP), due to the chronological uncertainty of human samples with marine diet and regional ΔR values applied. For the eastern half of Iberia, the current evidence indicates a very rapid spread of trapeze industries initiated in the Central-Western Pyrenees, suggesting cultural diffusion within Mesolithic social networks as the main driving mechanism.This work was funded by the European Research Council (ref. ERC-CoG 2015) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 683018) to J.F.L.d.P. This coauthor was also supported by grant no. 2018/040 from the CIDEGENT Excellence programme of Generalitat Valenciana

Reconstructing social networks of Late Glacial and Holocene hunter–gatherers to understand cultural evolution

Culture is increasingly being framed as a driver of human phenotypes and behaviour. Yet very little is known about variations in the patterns of past social interactions between humans in cultural evolution. The archaeological record, combined with modern evolutionary and analytical approaches, provides a unique opportunity to investigate broad-scale patterns of cultural change. Prompted by evidence that a population's social connectivity influences cultural variability, in this article, we revisit traditional approaches used to infer cultural evolutionary processes from the archaeological data. We then propose that frameworks considering multi-scalar interactions (from individuals to populations) over time and space have the potential to advance knowledge in cultural evolutionary theory. We describe how social network analysis can be applied to analyse diachronic structural changes and test cultural transmission hypotheses using the archaeological record (here specifically from the Marine Isotope Stage 3 ca 57–29 ka onwards). We argue that the reconstruction of prehistoric networks offers a timely opportunity to test the interplay between social connectivity and culture and ultimately helps to disentangle evolutionary mechanisms in the archaeological record. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The emergence of collective knowledge and cumulative culture in animals, humans and machines’.This work was funded by the European Research Council (ref. ERC-CoG 2015) under the European Union's horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 683018). J.F.-L.d.P. was also supported by grant no. 2018/040 from the CIDEGENT Excellence programme of Generalitat Valenciana

Casa de Lara (Villena, Alicante): un yacimiento Mesolítico y Neolítico al aire libre

Realizamos una propuesta de interpretación del yacimiento de Casa de Lara basándonos en el estudio de su industria lítica. Se incide en la revisión de la secuencia del yacimiento, en la existencia de problemas tafonómicos y en el lugar que ocupa dentro del proceso de neolitización del substrato mesolítico en la vertiente mediterránea de la Península Ibérica.With the study of lithic industry we make a new interpretation of prehistoric sire of Casa de Lara, We give special attention to the sequence reconstitution, the taphonomics problems and its place inout neolitisation process of mesolithic substract on the mediterranean side of Iberic Peninsula

The supporting role of the teres major muscle, an additional component in glenohumeral stability? An anatomical and radiological study

Muscle coordination plays an important role in glenohumeral stability. The rotator cuff and the long head of the biceps are considered the primary dynamic stabilizers muscles. However, the fact that a subgroup of patients with a massive tear in the rotator cuff were able to keep a normal function, should make us question this traditional view. We hypothesize that the teres major which is also a monoarticular scapulohumeral muscle, although it is not part of the conjoined tendon of the rotator cuff, can play a role in glenohumeral stability by a direct support of the humeral head generated by the particular posteroanterior location of this muscle under the humeral head and which, as far as we know, has not been written up previously. This particular effect could appear while the arm is being lifted and the humeral head could be leaning on against the teres major muscle belly underneath it. An anatomical a radiological study was carried out to substantiate our hypothesis. Two cadaver specimens were used for the anatomical study. Frist body was studied through conventional dissection. The second body was analysed through sectional anatomy. Then a radiological study was carried out using magnetic resonance imaging in a healthy male volunteer. Both anatomically and radiologically, the anteroinferior surface of the humeral head was showed firmly resting against the muscle belly of the teres major, to the point of misshaping it from 110 degrees of arm elevation with external rotation. The specific contribution of this effect to the glenohumeral stability needs to be confirmed by further studies and can help us to prevent the high incidence of glenohumeral dislocations

Talking agents: arquitectura de agentes conversacionales

Los Talking Agents son entidades software con la capacidad de reconocer el habla humana y sintetizar una respuesta hablada. Se han desarrollado este tipo de agentes para construir instalaciones artísticas, con el propósito de trabajar en nuevos tipos de experiencias en la interacción del espectador con la obra de arte. El diseño e implementación de los talking agents afronta varios problemas por sus requisitos de rendimiento y alto grado de configurabilidad para múltiples escenarios con distintos tipos de recursos en juego. Una forma de abordar estos requisitos ha sido la distribución de los componentes de cada agente y una clara separación entre agentes y recursos. El trabajo describe la arquitectura de los talking agents a distintos niveles, y algunos escenarios de experimentación de los mismos. [ABSTRACT] Talking agents are software entities with the ability to recognize human speech and synthesize a spoken response. We have developed this kind of agents for building Installation-art works, with the purpose of work in new kinds of experiences in the interaction of the spectator with the art work. The design and implementation of talking agents confronts several issues because of their requirements on performance and high degree of configuration for multiple scenarios with dierent kinds of resources in play. One way to cope with these requirements has been the distribution of the components of each agent and a clear separation between agents and resources. This work describes the architecture of talking agents at dierent levels, and several experimentation scenarios with them

Real world data on the demographic and clinicopathological profile and management of patients with early-stage HER2-positive breast cancer and residual disease treated with adjuvant trastuzumab emtansine (KARMA study)

Adjuvant treatment; Early breast cancer; Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2Tratamiento adyuvante; Cáncer de mama temprano; Receptor 2 del factor de crecimiento epidérmico humanoTractament adjuvant; Càncer de mama precoç; Receptor 2 del factor de creixement epidèrmic humàIntroduction Trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) significantly improves invasive disease-free survival and reduces the risk of recurrence in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer (EBC) with residual disease (RD). The KARMA study aimed to describe the characteristics and management of these patients in clinical practice in Spain. Material and methods We conducted a multicentre retrospective study in patients with HER2-positive EBC with RD following neoadjuvant treatment (NeoT) and who had received ≥1 dose of T-DM1 as adjuvant treatment. The primary endpoint was the evaluation of sociodemographic and clinicopathological characteristics of these patients. Results A total of 114 patients were included (March–July 2020). At diagnosis, most tumours were infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC) (93.9 %), grade 2 (56.1 %), and hormone receptor (HR)-positive (79.8 %). Over 75 % of patients had disease in operable clinical stages (T1–3 N0–1). In the neoadjuvant setting, 86.8 % of patients received trastuzumab plus pertuzumab, and 23.6 % achieved radiological complete response. Breast-conserving surgery was performed in 55.8 % of patients. Surgical specimens showed that 89.5 % of patients had IDC, 49.1 % grade 2, 84.1 % HR-positive, and 8.3 % HER2-negative disease. Most patients had RD classified as RCB-II and Miller/Payne grade 3/4. Grade 3 treatment-related adverse events (trAEs) occurred in 5.3 % of patients. No grade 4/5 AEs occurred. Over 95 % of patients were free of invasive-disease during T-DM1 adjuvant treatment. Conclusion The KARMA study describes the characteristics of patients with HER2-positive EBC with RD after NeoT and the real-life management of a T-DM1 adjuvant regimen, which showed a manageable safety profile in line with the KATHERINE trial data.This work was funded by Roche Farma SA (Spain). The sponsor was involved in the study design, collection, analysis, and interpretation of data, writing of the report, and in the decision to submit the article for publication

Ocupaciones prehistóricas del barranco de Olula (Almansa, Albacete): Estudio de los registros líticos de superficie

La industria lítica proveniente de los registros de superficie localizados en el Barranco de Olula (Almansa), permite plantear en esta zona la existencia de ocupaciones al aire libre anteriores a la Edad de Bronce. Se presenta la documentación valorando de forma crítica los problemas del registro del que proceden. Por último, se contextualiza esta información en el marco del poblamiento de la Prehistoria Reciente del Corredor Almansa-Vinalopó y de otras áreas próximas

Late Glacial and Early Holocene human demographic responses to climatic and environmental change in Atlantic Iberia

Successive generations of hunter-gatherers of the Late Glacial and Early Holocene in Iberia had to contend with rapidly changing environments and climatic conditions. This constrained their economic resources and capacity for demographic growth. The Atlantic façade of Iberia was occupied throughout these times and witnessed very significant environmental transformations. Archaeology offers a perspective on how past human population ecologies changed in response to this scenario. Archaeological radiocarbon data are used here to reconstruct demographics of the region over the long term. We introduce various quantitative methods that allow us to develop palaeodemographic and spatio-temporal models of population growth and density, and compare our results to independent records of palaeoenvironmental and palaeodietary change, and growth rates derived from skeletal data. Our results demonstrate that late glacial population growth was stifled by the Younger Dryas stadial, but populations grew in size and density during the Early to Middle Holocene transition. This growth was fuelled in part by an increased dependence on marine and estuarine food sources, demonstrating how the environment was linked to demographic change via the resource base, and ultimately the carrying capacity of the environment. This article is part of the theme issue 'Cross-disciplinary approaches to prehistoric demography'.FCT: DL 57/2016/CP1361/CT0026info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio