Prevalencia de patología podológica, calidad de vida y nutrición en población del pequeño rural

Programa Oficial de Doctorado en Ciencias de la Salud. 5007V01[Resumen] Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de la patología podológica y la calidad de vida de la población mayor de edad del pequeño rural(A Coruña, España). Describir hábitos podológicos, de ingesta alimentaria y adherencia a la dieta mediterránea. Determinar la concordancia entre plataforma de presiones y pedígrafo. Material y métodos: estudio observacional de prevalencia(n=406).Pacientes mayores de edad. Variables: patología podológica(ungueal, estructural y cutánea) posición del pie(FPI) plataforma de presiones y pedígrafo, calidad de vida(FHSQ), hábitos podológicos, frecuencia alimentaria y adherencia a la MedDiet. Consentimiento informado(CEIC 2019/079). Resultados: Las patologías más frecuentes fueron los dedos en garra(62,3%),el hallux valgus(32%), la hiperqueratosis(61,6%) y la onicogrifosis(29,6%). Para el FPI-6 la posición más frecuente fue la de pie neutro.La mitad de la muestra echaba crema hidratante. La muestra presento buena calidad de vida. Los participantes que presentaban HQ y heloma consumían más lácteos. La adherencia a la MedDiet se consideró baja en el 59,3% de la muestra. Conclusiones: A. Las patologías más frecuentes fueron los DG(62,3%),el HV(32%), la HQ(61,6%) y la ONG(29,6%). B. En el cuestionario FHSQ tenemos buena calidad de vida. Teniéndola mejor los hombres. C. Un tercio de la muestra acude al podólogo cuando tiene dolor. D. En la frecuencia alimentaria, lo más consumido fueron los lácteos(70,4%). Las personas con hiperqueratosis y heloma consumían más lácteos. E. La adherencia a la MedDiet se consideró baja en más de la mitad de la muestra. F. Se observó una correlación lineal positiva entre la pedigrafía y la plataforma.Se observó poca concordancia, especialmente en relación a la valoración del ancho y largo del pie.[Resumo] Obxectivos: Determinar a prevalencia da patoloxía podolóxica e a calidade de vida da poboación maior de idade do pequeño rural(A Coruña, España). Describir hábitos podológicos, inxestión de alimentos e adhesión á dieta mediterránea. Determinar a concordancia entre a plataforma de presión e o pedigrama. Material e métodos: Estudo observacional de prevalencia(n=406) Pacientes adultos. Variables: patoloxía podolóxica(ungueal, estrutural e cutánea), posición do pé(FPI), plataforma de presión e pedigrama, calidade de vida(FHSQ), hábitos podolóxicos, frecuencia alimentaria e adhesión á MedDiet. Consentimento informado (CEIC 2019/079) Resultados: As patoloxías máis frecuentes foron dedos en garra(62,3%), hallux valgus(32%), hiperqueratose(61,6%) e onicogrifose(29,6%). Para o FPI-6, a posición máis frecuente foi de pé neutro.A metade da mostra aplicouse crema hidratante. A mostra presenta unha boa calidade de vida. Os participantes que presentaron HQ e Heloma consumiron máis produtos lácteos. A adhesión á MedDiet considerouse baixa no 59,3% da mostra. Conclusións: R. As patoloxías máis frecuentes foron DG(62,3%), HV(32%), HQ(61,6%) e ONG(29,6%). B. No cuestionario da FHSQ temos unha boa calidade de vida. Téndoa mellor os homes. C. Un terzo da mostra vai ao podólogo cando ten dor. D. Na frecuencia alimentaria, os máis consumidos foron os lácteos(70,4%). As persoas con hiperqueratose e heloma consumían máis lácteos. E. A adhesión á MedDiet considerouse baixa en máis da metade da mostra. F. Obsérvase unha correlación lineal positiva entre a pedigrafía e a plataforma Obsérvase pouca concordancia, sobre todo en relación á valoración do ancho e do longo do pé.[Abstract] Objectives: To determine the prevalence of podiatric pathology and the quality of life of the elderly population of the small rural population(A Coruña, Spain). Describe podiatric habits, food intake and adherence to the Mediterranean diet. Determine the concordance between the pressure platform and the pedigraph. Material and methods: Observational prevalence study(n=406). Adult patients. Variables: podiatric pathology(nail, structural and skin), foot position(FPI), pressure platform and pedigraph, quality of life(FHSQ), podiatric habits, food frequency and adherence to the MedDiet. Informed consent(CEIC 2019/079) Results: The most frequent pathologies were claw toes(62.3%), hallux valgus(32%), hyperkeratosis(61.6%) and onychogryphosis(29.6%). For the FPI-6, the most frequent position was neutral standing. Half of the sample applied moisturizing cream. The sample presented good quality of life. The participants who presented HQ and heloma consumed more dairy products. Adherence to the MedDiet was considered low in 59.3% of the sample. Conclusions: A. The most frequent pathologies were DG(62.3%), HV(32%), HQ(61.6%) and ONG(29.6%). B. In the FHSQ questionnaire we have a good quality of life. Men having it better. C. A third of the sample goes to the podiatrist when they have pain. D. In food frequency, the most consumed were dairy(70.4%). People with hyperkeratosis and heloma consumed more dairy. E. Adherence to the MedDiet was considered low in more than half of the sample. F. A positive linear correlation was observed between the pedigraphy and the platform. Little agreement was observed, especially in relation to the assessment of the width and length of the foot

Concordance between Pressure Platform and Pedigraph

[Abstract] Objectives: Determine the concordance between two methods of obtaining the plantar footprint (pedigraph and pressure platform). Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study of prevalence was carried out in the social center of Cariño (Coruña), Spain (n = 65 participants). Older people without amputations or the presence of dysmetria were included. The variables studied were: sociodemographic (age, sex), anthropometric (body mass index) and footprint measurement variables. These measurements were made by obtaining the plantar footprint using two methods: pedigraph and pressure platform. Results: The mean age of the sample was 37.42 ± 15.05 years, with a predominance of the female gender (61.54%). Positive linear correlation between pedigraph and platform was observed in both feet in the Chippaux and Staheli indices (correlation coefficient > 0.3, p < 0.001 in each comparison). The reliability was good or moderate in relation with the Chippaux and Staheli index. Slightly lower coefficients were observed in the dimensions of the foot. Conclusions: A positive linear correlation between pedigraph and platform was observed in both feet in the Chippaux and Staheli indices. Significant differences were observed between pedigraph and platform in relation to the width and length of the foot. It is probably due to the fact that the pressure platform provides more exhaustive, detailed and accurate information of the foot. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study of prevalence was carried out in the social center of Cariño (Coruña), Spain (n = 65 participants). Older people without amputations or the presence of dysmetria were included. The variables studied were: sociodemographic (age, sex), anthropometric (body mass index) and footprint measurement variables. These measurements were made by obtaining the plantar footprint using two methods: pedigraph and pressure platform. Results: The mean age of the sample was 37.42 ± 15.05 years, with a predominance of the female gender (61.54%). Positive linear correlation between pedigraph and platform was observed in both feet in the Chippaux and Staheli indices (correlation coefficient > 0.3, p < 0.001 in each comparison). The reliability was good or moderate in relation with the Chippaux and Staheli index. Slightly lower coefficients were observed in the dimensions of the foot. Conclusions: A positive linear correlation between pedigraph and platform was observed in both feet in the Chippaux and Staheli indices. Significant differences were observed between pedigraph and platform in relation to the width and length of the foot. It is probably due to the fact that the pressure platform provides more exhaustive, detailed and accurate information of the foot

Inhibition of ATG3 ameliorates liver steatosis by increasing mitochondrial function

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health threat in both developed and developing countries and is a precursor of the more advanced liver diseases, including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and liver cancer. Currently, understanding the multiple and complex molecular pathways implicated in NAFLD onset and progression is a major priority. The transcription factor p63, which belongs to a family comprising p53, p63, and p73,1 is one of many factors that contributes to the development of liver steatosis. The role of p63 as a tumor suppressor and in cell maintenance and renewal is well studied, but we have recently reported that it is also relevant in the control of lipid metabolism.2 p63 encodes multiple isoforms that can be grouped into 2 categories; isoforms with an acidic transactivation domain (TA) and those without this domain (domain negative). The TAp63α isoform is elevated in the liver of animal models of NAFLD as well as in liver biopsies from obese patients with NAFLD. Furthermore, downregulation of p63α in the liver attenuates liver steatosis in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, while the activation of TAp63α increases hepatic fat content, mediated by the activation of IKKβ and endoplasmic reticulum stress.2 A specialized form of autophagy that degrades lipid droplets, termed “lipophagy”, is a major pathway of lipid mobilization in hepatocytes. Lipophagy is elevated in hepatoma cells upon exposure to free fatty acids,3 and reduces the fatty acid load in mouse hepatocytes.4 Its impairment has been associated with the development of fatty liver and insulin resistance3,5; in contrast, the autophagic flux is increased during the activation of hepatic stellate cells.6 In the present study, we used an unbiased proteomics approach to gain insight into novel proteins modulating lipid metabolism in the liver of mice with genetic knockdown or overexpression of TAp63α. We found that autophagy-related gene 3 (ATG3) was upregulated by TAp63α activation and downregulated after p63α inhibition. ATG3 is elevated in several animal models of NAFLD and in the liver of patients with NAFLD. Genetic overexpression of ATG3 increased the lipid load in hepatocytes, while its repression alleviated TAp63α- and diet-induced steatosis. ATG3 exerted its role in lipid metabolism by regulating SIRT1 and mitochondrial function. Collectively, these findings identify ATG3 as a novel factor implicated in the development of steatosisThis work has been supported by grants from FEDER/Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades-Agencia Estatal de Investigación (PA: RTI2018-095134-B-100; DS and LH: SAF2017-83813-C3-1-R; MLMC: RTC2019-007125-1; CD: BFU2017-87721; ML: RTI2018–101840-B-I00; GS; PID2019-104399RB-I00; RN: RTI2018-099413-B-I00 and RED2018-102379-T; MLMC: SAF2017-87301-R; TCD: RTI2018-096759-A-100), FEDER/Instituto de Salud Carlos III (AGR: PI19/00123), Xunta de Galicia (ML: 2016-PG068; RN: 2015-CP080 and 2016-PG057), Fundación BBVA (RN, GS and MLM), Proyectos Investigación en Salud (MLMC: DTS20/00138), Sistema Universitario Vasco (PA: IT971-16); Fundación Atresmedia (ML and RN), Fundación La Caixa (M.L., R.N. and M.C.), Gilead Sciences International Research Scholars Program in Liver Disease (MVR), Marató TV3 Foundation (DS: 201627), Government of Catalonia (DS: 2017SGR278) and European Foundation for the Study of Diabetes (RN and GS). This research also received funding from the European Community’s H2020 Framework Programme (ERC Synergy Grant-2019-WATCH- 810331, to RN, VP and MS). Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (CIBER) de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd) and CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERdem). CIBERobn, CIBERehd and CIBERdem are initiatives of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) of Spain which is supported by FEDER funds. We thank MINECO for the Severo Ochoa Excellence Accreditation to CIC bioGUNE (SEV-2016-0644)S

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

100 años investigando el mar. El IEO en su centenario (1914-2014).

Se trata de un libro que pretende divulgar a la sociedad las principales investigaciones multidisciplinares llevadas a cabo por el Instituto Español de Oceanografía durante su primer siglo de vida, y dar a conocer la historia del organismo, de su Sede Central y de los nueve centros oceanográficos repartidos por los litorales mediterráneo y atlántico, en la península y archipiélagos.Kongsberg 20

Immunomodulatory Effect of Human Lactoferrin on Toll-like Receptors 2 Expression as Therapeutic Approach for Keratoconus

Keratoconus (KC) is a corneal disorder whose etiology shares a close relationship with Lactoferrin (LTF) dysregulation and Toll-like Receptors 2 (TLR2) overexpression. This study shows how these two important biomarkers are clinically and molecularly interrelated, increasing knowledge about KC pathophysiology, and opening the door to future therapies. In this prospective clinical study, serum and tear LTF concentrations were quantified in 90 KC patients and 60 controls. A correlation analysis with multiple blood and tear immunoinflammatory mediators, and KC-associated tomographic parameters, was performed. An in vitro study using HEK-BlueTMhTLR2 cell cultures was also conducted to determine the expression and functionality of TLR2 under the influence of LTF treatment. As a result, a LTF decreased was observed in KC patients compared to controls (p &lt; 0.0001), evidencing the strong correlation with TLR2 overexpression at systemic and ocular surface level, with inflammatory mediator upregulation and with KC severity. In stimulated cell cultures, TLR2 expression was decreased using 2 mg/mL of LTF. The levels of secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) were also reduced in supernatants after LTF treatment. As conclusions, the dysregulation of LTF and TLR2 in the ocular surface of KC patients contributes to KC severity by maintaining a detrimental chronic immune&ndash;inflammatory state. The immunomodulatory properties of LTF on TLR2 expression suggest its potential as a therapeutic approach for KC

Mucoadhesive PLGA Nanospheres and Nanocapsules for Lactoferrin Controlled Ocular Delivery

Background: the present work describes the preparation, characterization and optimization of eight types of PLGA-based nanosystems (nanospheres and nanocapsules) as innovative mucoadhesive drug delivery systems of lactoferrin, in order to achieve a preclinical consistent base as an alternative pharmacological treatment to different ocular syndromes and diseases. Methods: All different nanoparticles were prepared via two modified nanoprecipitation techniques, using a three-component mixture of drug/polymer/surfactant (Lf/PLGA/Poloxamer), as a way to overcome the inherent limitations of conventional PLGA NPs. These modified polymeric nanocarriers, intended for topical ophthalmic administration, were subjected to in vitro characterization, surface modification and in vitro and in vivo assessments. Results: An appropriate size range, uniform size distribution and negative ζ potential values were obtained for all types of formulations. Lactoferrin could be effectively included into all types of nanoparticles with appropriate encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity values. A greater, extended, and controlled delivery of Lf from the polymeric matrix was observed through the in vitro release studies. No instability or cytotoxicity was proved for all the formulations by means of organotypic models. Additionally, mucoadhesive in vitro and in vivo experiments show a significant increase in the residence time of the nanoparticles in the eye surface. Conclusions: all types of prepared PLGA nanoparticles might be a potential alternative for the topical ophthalmic administration of lactoferrin

Mucoadhesive PLGA Nanospheres and Nanocapsules for Lactoferrin Controlled Ocular Delivery

Background: the present work describes the preparation, characterization and optimization of eight types of PLGA-based nanosystems (nanospheres and nanocapsules) as innovative mucoadhesive drug delivery systems of lactoferrin, in order to achieve a preclinical consistent base as an alternative pharmacological treatment to different ocular syndromes and diseases. Methods: All different nanoparticles were prepared via two modified nanoprecipitation techniques, using a three-component mixture of drug/polymer/surfactant (Lf/PLGA/Poloxamer), as a way to overcome the inherent limitations of conventional PLGA NPs. These modified polymeric nanocarriers, intended for topical ophthalmic administration, were subjected to in vitro characterization, surface modification and in vitro and in vivo assessments. Results: An appropriate size range, uniform size distribution and negative &zeta; potential values were obtained for all types of formulations. Lactoferrin could be effectively included into all types of nanoparticles with appropriate encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity values. A greater, extended, and controlled delivery of Lf from the polymeric matrix was observed through the in vitro release studies. No instability or cytotoxicity was proved for all the formulations by means of organotypic models. Additionally, mucoadhesive in vitro and in vivo experiments show a significant increase in the residence time of the nanoparticles in the eye surface. Conclusions: all types of prepared PLGA nanoparticles might be a potential alternative for the topical ophthalmic administration of lactoferrin

Anatomopathological findings on harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded in Galician coast, NW, Spain

34th European Cetacean Society Conference, O Grove, 16-20 April 2023The coast of Galicia constitutes one of the areas with the greatest biodiversity in the North Atlantic Ocean.The local population of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) belongs to the meridionalis ecotype,proposed as a new subspecies with their own genetic identity.According to ICES this population constitutes a Management Unit. It is classified as "Endangered" by the Spanish legislation. Recent studies on dynamics of Iberian harbour porpoise indicate a possible short term collapse within the next 20 years. In order to determine the pathological findings and the possible cause of death of this sensitive population in Galician waters, stranded harbour porpoises has been studied for more than thirty years (1990-2021). In this period, 144 were necropsied following standardized protocols. In order to have a wide view of the sanitary condition of the population, individuals of both sexes and all the physical development categories were included. Macoscopically, bycatch related lesions were detected in 38,3% (55/144) of the studied animals (i.e., skin cuts and impressions producing by fishing nets, amputations, tracheal edema, emphysematous lungs, multifocal haemorrhages, fresh prey in stomach, lymph on thoracic duct, intavascular bubbles on blood and lymphatic vessels). Parasitic bronchopneumonia with intralesional nematodes was a common finding. In addition, some individuals presentes lesions related with live stranding (i.e. skin abrasions, acute skeletal and myocardial muscular fibre degeneration), and interspecific traumatic event (i.e., rake marks, hematomas). Due to advance decomposition status of individuals, only samples of 15 individuals were suitable to carry out histopathological studies. Histopathological analyses were carried out in blind trial. Microscopic examination of the samples allow us to confirm macroscopical findings, the presence of other pathological process, and to better understand the sanitary status of the individuals. Specifically in cases suspicious of bycatch, histological examination was crucial to exclude other possible pathology responsible of the strandingN

Lactoferrin-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) as a new formulation for optimized ocular drug delivery

Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are novel lipidic nanosystems that provide significant improvements in terms of high drug loading capacity and controlled drug release. The purpose of the present work was based on the design, development, and physicochemical characterization of lactoferrin-loaded NLCs as a new therapeutic alternative for the keratoconus treatment. Lactoferrin-loaded NLCs were successfully prepared by a double emulsion/solvent evaporation method. The resultant NLC were assessed in terms of particle size, size distribution, surface charge, morphology, encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC), stability, cytotoxicity, in vitro release, and ocular surface retention. Resulting data showed a size of 119.45 ± 11.44 nm, a 0.151 ± 0.045 PDI value and a surface charge of −17.50 ± 2.53 mV. Besides, high EE and LC values were obtained (up to 75%). The in vitro release study demonstrated a lactoferrin controlled release pattern. NLCs were also stable, non-toxic and show mucoadhesive properties. Thus, a consistent preclinical base was obtained, where NLC may be considered as a potential controlled release novel drug delivery system of lactoferrin for the keratoconus treatmentRVF and XGO acknowledge the financial support of the FIDIS (Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela Foundation). SEM and TEM analysis were feasible thanks to the Electronic and Confocal Microscopy Unit of the University of Santiago de Compostela (USC) (CACTUS, Spain). The work was partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (RTI2018-099597-B- 100)S