An event in the iberoamerican cooperation for the conservation and utilization of the zoogenetic resources

Between 1st and 4th of December, 2003; an event was celebrated in the city of Recife (Pernambuco, Brazil) congregating more than 200 researchers of 16 countries, to present results and discuss the last advances in the Iberoamerican Zoogenetics Resources Conservation and Utilization Area, taking into account contents over Genetics, Assisted reproduction, Rural development and Ethnology. In the present editorial a slight introduction is developed to locate the reader in the objectives, the contents and the development of the event, standing out the rule developed by the organizers, the supporters and the contributors.Del uno al cuatro de diciembre de 2003 se celebró en la ciudad de Recife (Pernambuco, Brasil) un evento que congregó a más de 200 investigadores de 16 países, para presentar resultados y discutir los últimos avances en el área de la conservación y utilización de los Recursos Zoogenéticos de Iberoamérica, tratándose contenidos sobre Genética, Reproducción asistida, Desarrollo rural, y Etnología principalmente. En la presente editorial se realiza una somera introducción para ubicar al lector en los objetivos, los contenidos y el desarrollo del evento, resaltando el papel desarrollado por los organizadores, patrocinadores y participantes

Results on Northern hake Spanish discard sampling programme

Quarterly discards estimates for the Spanish bottom otter trawl fleet fishing in the Northeast Atlantic ICES Subareas VI and VII are presented for hake (Merluccius merluccius). Information was obtained by observers on board under different discard sampling programmes carried out by the Spanish research institute IEO. Raising based on effort (number of trips) was used to estimate total quarterly discards in weight and number for the fleet. Discards length distributions are also presented. Both in terms of weight and numbers discards present high variation in time, ranging from 0 to 1100 tonnes and from 0 to 12 million fish. Length distributions of discarded hake show that most of the individuals are juvenile fish, although some individuals above the minimum landing size (27 cm) are also discarded. Increases in the number of juveniles discarded are evident after year 2003

New ideas on the Proterozoic-Early Palaeozoic evolution of NW Iberia: insights from U–Pb detrital zircon ages

U–Pb ages were obtained on single detrital zircon grains separated from six samples of Neoproterozoic and Lower Palaeozoic sedimentary and volcanosedimentary rocks from NW Iberia using the laser ablation microprobe-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LAM-ICP-MS) method. Precambrian greywackes yielded abundant zircons with Neoproterozoic (800–640 Ma) and Mesoproterozoic (0.9–1.2 Ga) ages, and a smaller proportion of Palaeoproterozoic (1.8–2 Ga) and Archaean zircons. Palaeozoic samples (Lower Cambrian and Ordovician) yielded abundant zircons with younger Neoproterozoic (ca. 550 and 620 Ma) and Mesoproterozoic (0.9–1.2 Ga) ages. Palaeoproterozoic (1.8–2 Ga) and Archaean zircons were also found. This data set, used in conjuction with previous paleogeographic and isotopic studies sheds new light on the Precambrian-early Palaeozoic evolution of NW Iberia and is consistent with the following sequence of events: (1) Early Cadomian-Avalonian subduction and arc construction (ca. 800–640 Ma). This magmatic episode created the main arc edifice (Avalonia); (2) full development of a back arc basin upon which the Neoproterozoic sediments were deposited (ca. 640–640 Ma). The combined U–Pb ages of detrital zircons and Nd isotopic features of these sedimenary rocks suggest that they were mostly shed from the main magmatic arc. On the basis of the presence of Grenvillian age detrital zircons with short waterborne transport before incorporation in the sediment, we propose that the basin was possibly located in a peri-Amazonian realm close to West Avalonian terranes. These basins were developed upon a cratonic basement that possibly involved both Grenvillian (ca. 0.9–1.2 Ga) and Transamazonian (ca. 1.9–2.1) igneous rocks. The reported zircon ages suggest a long-lived subduction, starting at ca. 800 Ma and terminated by ca. 580–570 Ma with no geological record of a final collision event; (3) the continuation of extension gave rise to the undocking of Avalonia from the back-arc. Detrital zircon ages in Lowermost Cambrian strata suggest that the main arc edifice had drifted away by ca. 550–540 Ma and was no longer shedding detritus into the back-arc basin. (4) During the Lower Ordovician, further extension of an already thinned crust gave rise to the Lower Ordovician ‘Ollo de Sapo’ magmatic event (ca. 480 Ma). Coeval volcanism in neighbouring areas displaying within-plate geochemical signatures is consistent with an extensional setting for the generation of the Lower Ordovician igneous and sedimentary rocks. Detrital zircon ages and Nd isotopic features of the Ordovician greywackes reflect both an increase in the contribution from older crustal components and the addition of newly accreted crust. A progressively thinning crust is a likely scenario that would explain the simultaneous exhumation of lower crustal (Grenvillian+Transamazonian/Icartian) material and the generation of coeval magmatism. This latter scenario is consistent with models proposed for other circum-North Atlantic Avalonian-Cadomian terranes where repeated episodes of melting occurred in response to subduction and subsequent rifting events

Reaching the unreached: An initiative to bridge the gap between the gap by active role of management institutes/schools

There are large numbers of business communities in India which neither had any formal education nor they took any professional training but still they contribute in successful business formation. Their presence can be felt in all areas of business. Still there is a big professional gap between the educational institutes, specially the B-Schools and this independent business community. With the help of this paper an effort is made to develop a Two-Way learning relationship for the mutual benefit of both entities. It will also highlight the role of an educational institute beyond academics for the well being of society. This may lead to derive and develop the exchange of innovative business ideas and framing the suitable policies for long term sustainability in today´s competitive arena. The study conducted by researcher with a sample size of 100 which includes a mix of well known academic professionals, MBA students and non academic business professionals has revealed that there is a need of an exchange program for the mutual benefits. There exists a big professional gap in this area which can be filled with the active and effective initiative by management institutes. An effort is made in this paper to highlight this gap and to suggest some framework to bridge the ga

Applying a Bayesian model incorporating discards in the assessment of four-spot megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii) Southern stock

Since 2003 when the DCF started at European level by countries, discards data are available for many stocks. Four-spot megrim is traditionally assessed with XSA (extended survivor analysis) which does not include discards. For this species, discards in number are very important, being around the 60% of total catch. A Bayesian model incorporating discards was realized for the hake stock in ICES Divisions VIIIc and IXa by Fernández et al. (2010). This model was also designed to produce a complete time-series of discard estimates. Final run of the model is compared with results from XSA performed in the working group of 2010, showing that mayor differences are in the fishing mortality for younger ages, being higher incorporating discards data

Spanish Language Use Across Generations and Depressive Symptoms Among US Latinos

Acculturation markers, such as language use, have been associated with Latino depression. Language use may change between generations; however, few studies have collected intergenerational data to assess how language differences between generations impact depression. Using the Niños Lifestyle and Diabetes Study (2013–2014), we assessed how changes in Spanish language use across two generations of Mexican-origin participants in Sacramento, California, influenced offspring depressive symptoms (N = 603). High depressive symptoms were defined as CESD-10 scores ≥ 10. We used log-binomial and linear-binomial models to calculate prevalence ratios and differences, respectively, for depressive symptoms by language use, adjusting for identified confounders and within-family clustering. Decreased Spanish use and stable-equal English/Spanish use across generations protected against depressive symptoms, compared to stable-high Spanish use. Stable-low Spanish use was not associated with fewer depressive symptoms compared to stable-high Spanish use. Exposure to multiple languages cross-generationally may improve resource access and social networks that protect against depression

Estimates of Spanish bottom otter trawl boarfish (Capros aper) discards by area in the Northeast Atlantic area.

Discard estimates for the Spanish bottom otter trawl fleets fishing in the Northeast Atlantic are presented for boarfish (Capros aper). Information was obtained by observers on board under different discard sampling programmes carried out by the Spanish research institute IEO. Raising based on effort (number of trips) was used to estimate total discards in weight and associated coefficients of variation (CV) and number for the fleet. Discards length distributions are presented by year and fishing area. Total estimates indicates different trends in discarding, showing a decreasing trend in north coastal Spanish waters and a increasing trend in western Ireland waters