42 research outputs found
Una concepciĂłn diferente de la psicologĂa de la ducaciĂłn, abierta a contenidos del ĂĄmbito social y moral de la educaciĂłn
En el presente artĂculo se pretende desarrollar una concepciĂłn de la PsicologĂa de
la EducaciĂłn que intenta superar posiciones clĂĄsicas, que entendĂan la disciplina como
orientada principalmente a explicar y proporcionar recursos para el logro de los aprendizajes
académicos. Se pretende argumentar a favor de una concepción abierta a nuevos
contenidos, al servicio de ayudar al ser humano a ser persona y a desarrollar su mundo
social, emocional y moral. Se estudian los fundamentos de esta nueva defi niciĂłn dentro
del pensamiento de la psicologĂa, asumiendo su cambio al mismo tiempo que cambia la
concepción y la pråctica de la educación escolar. Se propone que esta disciplina esté preferentemente
al servicio de los grupos especialmente problematizados, para conseguir
mediante la educación su desarrollo potencial. Y también al servicio de las necesidades
de la sociedad y el mundo educativo, para prevenir problemas como violencia, falta de
valores democrĂĄticos, insolidaridad, y otros que aquejan a nuestras sociedades y pueden
ser evitados por medio de una educaciĂłn de âcalidad.âIn the present work we attempt to develop a conception of Educational Psychology
that tries to overcome classic positions which consider that this discipline is focused to
explain and provide resources for the achievement of academic learning. We argue in
favour of an opened conception to new contents, such as the service of helping human
being to be a person, and to develop their social, emotional, and moral domains. The
foundations of this new defi nition are studied assuming changes at the same time in the
conception and in the practice of the school education. We propose that this discipline should be, mainly, to the service of risk groups in order to make possible their potential
development. In addition, this discipline should include the demands of society to prevent
problems as violence, absence of democratic values, unsolidarity, and others problems of
our societies that could be avoided through an education of quality.Facultad de EducaciĂłn y Humanidades - Campus de Melilla (Universidad de Granada
Is contact with birth parents beneficial to children in non-kinship foster care? A scoping review of the evidence
Many children in non-kinship foster care maintain contact with their birth parents, although debate continues
about whether or not, or under what circumstances, it is beneficial to the child. In this scoping review we analyze
the findings of studies conducted over the past two decades that have specifically examined face-to-face contact
with birth parents for children in non-kinship foster care, our aim being to determine more clearly when it may
contribute positively to the childâs well-being. The review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR
guidelines and involved a search of nine electronic databases. A total of 21 studies met the criteria for inclu-
sion in the review, namely primary studies analyzing one or more aspects of these contact visits, written in
English or Spanish, and published during the period 1997â2022. In analyzing these studies we grouped their
findings according to four broad areas of interest: characteristics of contact visits, appraisal of visits by families
and professionals, relationship between contact and fostering outcomes, and impact of contact on children. The
four main conclusions we draw from the review are: a) surprisingly few studies have specifically examined the
effects of face-to-face contact with birth parents in non-kinship foster care; b) the findings to date are neither
conclusive nor generalizable, although they are not generally encouraging; c) under the right circumstances (e.g.,
adequate supervision, conducted in a context of emotional security for the child), contact can contribute to the
childâs well-being and increase the likelihood of family reunification; and d) more robust research is needed to
guide the development of interventions that can improve parentâchild relationships and the quality of contact
visitsAndalusian Plan for Research, Development and Innovation (PAIDI) Research Group SEJ-466. Funding for open access charge: Universidad de M Ìalaga / CBU
Quasiexperimental intervention study protocol to optimise the use of new antibiotics in Spain: the NEW_SAFE project
Introduction Ceftaroline, tedizolid, dalbavancin, ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam are novel antibiotics used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens (MDR). Their use should be supervised and monitored as part of an antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP). Appropriate use of the new antibiotics will be improved by including consensual indications for their use in local antibiotic guidelines, together with educational interventions providing advice to prescribers to ensure that the recommendations are clearly understood.
Methods and analysis This study will be implemented in two phases. First, a preliminary historical cohort (2017-2019) of patients from 13 Andalusian hospitals treated with novel antibiotics will be analysed. Second, a quasiexperimental intervention study will be developed with an interrupted time-series analysis (2020-2021). The intervention will consist of an educational interview between prescribers and ASP leaders at each hospital to reinforce the proper use of novel antibiotics. The educational intervention will be based on a consensus guideline designed and disseminated by leaders after the retrospective cohort data have been analysed. The outcomes will be acceptance of the intervention and appropriateness of prescription. Incidence of infection and colonisation with MDR organisms as well as incidence ofClostridioides difficileinfection will also be analysed. Changes in prescription quality between periods and the safety profile of the antibiotics in terms of mortality rate and readmissions will also be measured.
Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval will be obtained from the Andalusian Coordinating Institutional Review Board. The study is being conducted in compliance with the protocol and regulatory requirements consistent with International Council of Harmonisation E6 Good Clinical Practice and the ethical principles of the latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at national and international conferences
Quasiexperimental intervention study protocol to optimise the use of new antibiotics in Spain: the NEW_SAFE project
[Introduction] Ceftaroline, tedizolid, dalbavancin, ceftazidime-avibactam and ceftolozane-tazobactam are novel antibiotics used to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens (MDR). Their use should be supervised and monitored as part of an antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP). Appropriate use of the new antibiotics will be improved by including consensual indications for their use in local antibiotic guidelines, together with educational interventions providing advice to prescribers to ensure that the recommendations are clearly understood.[Methods and analysis] This study will be implemented in two phases. First, a preliminary historical cohort (2017â2019) of patients from 13 Andalusian hospitals treated with novel antibiotics will be analysed. Second, a quasiexperimental intervention study will be developed with an interrupted time-series analysis (2020â2021). The intervention will consist of an educational interview between prescribers and ASP leaders at each hospital to reinforce the proper use of novel antibiotics. The educational intervention will be based on a consensus guideline designed and disseminated by leaders after the retrospective cohort data have been analysed. The outcomes will be acceptance of the intervention and appropriateness of prescription. Incidence of infection and colonisation with MDR organisms as well as incidence of Clostridioides difficile infection will also be analysed. Changes in prescription quality between periods and the safety profile of the antibiotics in terms of mortality rate and readmissions will also be measured.[Ethics and dissemination] Ethical approval will be obtained from the Andalusian Coordinating Institutional Review Board. The study is being conducted in compliance with the protocol and regulatory requirements consistent with International Council of Harmonisation E6 Good Clinical Practice and the ethical principles of the latest version of the Declaration of Helsinki. The results will be published in peer-reviewed journals and disseminated at national and international conferences.[Trial registration number] NCT03941951; Pre-results.The study is funded by the ConsejerĂa de Salud, Junta de AndalucĂa, grant PI-0077-2018. The investigators also receive funds for research from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III, SubdirecciĂłn General de Redes y Centros de InvestigaciĂłn Cooperativa, Ministerio de Ciencia, InnovaciĂłn y Universidades, Spanish Network for Research in Infectious Diseases (REIPI RD16/0016/0001) through the Plan Nacional de I+D+ i 2013â2016, cofinanced by European Development Regional Fund âA way to achieve Europeâ, Operative program Intelligent Growth 2014â2020
Seguimiento de las guĂas españolas para el manejo del asma por el mĂ©dico de atenciĂłn primaria: un estudio observacional ambispectivo
Objetivo
Evaluar el grado de seguimiento de las recomendaciones de las versiones de la GuĂa española para el manejo del asma (GEMA 2009 y 2015) y su repercusiĂłn en el control de la enfermedad.
Material y métodos
Estudio observacional y ambispectivo realizado entre septiembre del 2015 y abril del 2016, en el que participaron 314 médicos de atención primaria y 2.864 pacientes.
Resultados
Utilizando datos retrospectivos, 81 de los 314 mĂ©dicos (25, 8% [IC del 95%, 21, 3 a 30, 9]) comunicaron seguir las recomendaciones de la GEMA 2009. Al inicio del estudio, 88 de los 314 mĂ©dicos (28, 0% [IC del 95%, 23, 4 a 33, 2]) seguĂan las recomendaciones de la GEMA 2015. El tener un asma mal controlada (OR 0, 19, IC del 95%, 0, 13 a 0, 28) y presentar un asma persistente grave al inicio del estudio (OR 0, 20, IC del 95%, 0, 12 a 0, 34) se asociaron negativamente con tener un asma bien controlada al final del seguimiento. Por el contrario, el seguimiento de las recomendaciones de la GEMA 2015 se asociĂł de manera positiva con una mayor posibilidad de que el paciente tuviera un asma bien controlada al final del periodo de seguimiento (OR 1, 70, IC del 95%, 1, 40 a 2, 06).
Conclusiones
El escaso seguimiento de las guĂas clĂnicas para el manejo del asma constituye un problema comĂșn entre los mĂ©dicos de atenciĂłn primaria. Un seguimiento de estas guĂas se asocia con un control mejor del asma. Existe la necesidad de actuaciones que puedan mejorar el seguimiento por parte de los mĂ©dicos de atenciĂłn primaria de las guĂas para el manejo del asma.
Objective: To assess the degree of compliance with the recommendations of the 2009 and 2015 versions of the Spanish guidelines for managing asthma (GuĂa Española para el Manejo del Asma [GEMA]) and the effect of this compliance on controlling the disease.
Material and methods: We conducted an observational ambispective study between September 2015 and April 2016 in which 314 primary care physicians and 2864 patients participated.
Results: Using retrospective data, we found that 81 of the 314 physicians (25.8%; 95% CI 21.3â30.9) stated that they complied with the GEMA2009 recommendations. At the start of the study, 88 of the 314 physicians (28.0%; 95% CI 23.4â33.2) complied with the GEMA2015 recommendations. Poorly controlled asthma (OR, 0.19; 95% CI 0.13â0.28) and persistent severe asthma at the start of the study (OR, 0.20; 95% CI 0.12â0.34) were negatively associated with having well-controlled asthma by the end of the follow-up. In contrast, compliance with the GEMA2015 recommendations was positively associated with a greater likelihood that the patient would have well-controlled asthma by the end of the follow-up (OR, 1.70; 95% CI 1.40â2.06).
Conclusions: Low compliance with the clinical guidelines for managing asthma is a common problem among primary care physicians. Compliance with these guidelines is associated with better asthma control. Actions need to be taken to improve primary care physician compliance with the asthma management guidelines
Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
CARB-ES-19 Multicenter Study of Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli From All Spanish Provinces Reveals Interregional Spread of High-Risk Clones Such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3
ObjectivesCARB-ES-19 is a comprehensive, multicenter, nationwide study integrating whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae (CP-Kpn) and E. coli (CP-Eco) to determine their incidence, geographical distribution, phylogeny, and resistance mechanisms in Spain.MethodsIn total, 71 hospitals, representing all 50 Spanish provinces, collected the first 10 isolates per hospital (February to May 2019); CPE isolates were first identified according to EUCAST (meropenem MIC > 0.12 mg/L with immunochromatography, colorimetric tests, carbapenem inactivation, or carbapenem hydrolysis with MALDI-TOF). Prevalence and incidence were calculated according to population denominators. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the microdilution method (EUCAST). All 403 isolates collected were sequenced for high-resolution single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing, core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST), and resistome analysis.ResultsIn total, 377 (93.5%) CP-Kpn and 26 (6.5%) CP-Eco isolates were collected from 62 (87.3%) hospitals in 46 (92%) provinces. CP-Kpn was more prevalent in the blood (5.8%, 50/853) than in the urine (1.4%, 201/14,464). The cumulative incidence for both CP-Kpn and CP-Eco was 0.05 per 100 admitted patients. The main carbapenemase genes identified in CP-Kpn were blaOXAâ48 (263/377), blaKPCâ3 (62/377), blaVIMâ1 (28/377), and blaNDMâ1 (12/377). All isolates were susceptible to at least two antibiotics. Interregional dissemination of eight high-risk CP-Kpn clones was detected, mainly ST307/OXA-48 (16.4%), ST11/OXA-48 (16.4%), and ST512-ST258/KPC (13.8%). ST512/KPC and ST15/OXA-48 were the most frequent bacteremia-causative clones. The average number of acquired resistance genes was higher in CP-Kpn (7.9) than in CP-Eco (5.5).ConclusionThis study serves as a first step toward WGS integration in the surveillance of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales in Spain. We detected important epidemiological changes, including increased CP-Kpn and CP-Eco prevalence and incidence compared to previous studies, wide interregional dissemination, and increased dissemination of high-risk clones, such as ST307/OXA-48 and ST512/KPC-3
Recommended from our members
Dietary αâLinolenic Acid, Marine Ïâ3 Fatty Acids, and Mortality in a Population With High Fish Consumption: Findings From the PREvenciĂłn con DIeta MEDiterrĂĄnea (PREDIMED) Study
Background: Epidemiological evidence suggests a cardioprotective role of αâlinolenic acid (ALA), a plantâderived Ïâ3 fatty acid. It is unclear whether ALA is beneficial in a background of high marine Ïâ3 fatty acids (longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) intake. In persons at high cardiovascular risk from Spain, a country in which fish consumption is customarily high, we investigated whether meeting the International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids recommendation for dietary ALA (0.7% of total energy) at baseline was related to allâcause and cardiovascular disease mortality. We also examined the effect of meeting the society's recommendation for longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (â„500 mg/day). Methods and Results: We longitudinally evaluated 7202 participants in the PREvenciĂłn con DIeta MEDiterrĂĄnea (PREDIMED) trial. Multivariableâadjusted Cox regression models were fitted to estimate hazard ratios. ALA intake correlated to walnut consumption (r=0.94). During a 5.9ây followâup, 431 deaths occurred (104 cardiovascular disease, 55 coronary heart disease, 32 sudden cardiac death, 25 stroke). The hazard ratios for meeting ALA recommendation (n=1615, 22.4%) were 0.72 (95% CI 0.56â0.92) for allâcause mortality and 0.95 (95% CI 0.58â1.57) for fatal cardiovascular disease. The hazard ratios for meeting the recommendation for longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n=5452, 75.7%) were 0.84 (95% CI 0.67â1.05) for allâcause mortality, 0.61 (95% CI 0.39â0.96) for fatal cardiovascular disease, 0.54 (95% CI 0.29â0.99) for fatal coronary heart disease, and 0.49 (95% CI 0.22â1.01) for sudden cardiac death. The highest reduction in allâcause mortality occurred in participants meeting both recommendations (hazard ratio 0.63 [95% CI 0.45â0.87]). Conclusions: In participants without prior cardiovascular disease and high fish consumption, dietary ALA, supplied mainly by walnuts and olive oil, relates inversely to allâcause mortality, whereas protection from cardiac mortality is limited to fishâderived longâchain nâ3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Clinical Trial Registration URL: http://www.Controlled-trials.com/. Unique identifier: ISRCTN35739639