Caffeine Doses of 3 mg/kg Increase Unilateral and Bilateral Vertical Jump Outcomes in Elite Traditional Jiu-Jitsu Athletes.

Caffeine increases vertical jump, although its effects on kinetics and kinematics during different phases of bilateral and unilateral jumps remain unclear. The aim of this study was to identify the effects of 3 mg/kg on kinetic, kinematic and temporal variables in the concentric and eccentric phases of bilateral and unilateral countermovement jumps. A total of 16 Spanish national team traditional Jiu-Jitsu athletes took part in two experimental trials (3 mg/kg caffeine or placebo) in a randomized, double-blind crossover study. Sixty minutes after ingestion, bilateral and unilateral jumps were performed on a force platform. Compared to the placebo, caffeine increased bilateral jump height (p = 0.008; D% = 4.40), flight time (p = 0.008; D% = 2.20), flight time:contraction time (p = 0.029; D% = 8.90), concentric impulse (p = 0.018; D% = 1.80), peak power (p = 0.049; D% = 2.50), RSI-modified (p = 0.011; D% = 11.50) and eccentric mean braking force (p = 0.045; D% = 4.00). Additionally, caffeine increased unilateral RSI-mod in both legs (Left: p = 0.034; D% = 7.65; Right: p = 0.004; D% = 11.83), left leg flight time (p = 0.044; D% = 1.91), left leg jump height (p = 0.039; D% = 3.75) and right leg FT:CT (p = 0.040; D% = 9.72). Caffeine in a dose of 3 mg/kg BM in elite Jiu- Jitsu athletes is a recommended ergogenic aid as it increased performance of bilateral and unilateral vertical jumps. These increases were also accompanied by modified jump execution during the different phases of the countermovement prior to take-off.post-print746 K

Effects of 3 mg/kg Body Mass of Caffeine on the Performance of Jiu-Jitsu Elite Athletes.

The effects of caffeine were investigated in judo, boxing, taekwondo and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. However, this substance was never investigated regarding traditional jiu-jitsu. Therefore, the aim of this research was to analyze the effects of caffeine in the Special Judo Fitness Test (SJFT) and technical variables during combat in traditional jiu-jitsu elite athletes. Methods: Twenty-two young professionals of traditional jiu-jitsu, 11 men and 11 women (age = 22 ± 4 (18–33) years, body mass = 66.6 ± 10.8 (46.2–86.1) kg, height = 1.70 ± 0.9 (1.55–1.85) m) with 15 ± 7 years of experience in traditional jiu-jitsu, participated in a double-blind, counterbalanced, crossover study. In two different conditions, the traditional jiu-jitsu athletes ingested 3 mg/kg body mass of caffeine or a placebo. After 60 min, they performed the SJFT test to measure throwing performance, and subsequently, combat to analyze offensive and defensive hitting techniques. Results: Caffeine had a main effect on the number of throws during the SJFT test (P < 0.01). In addition, it was effective in sets 2 (13 ± 2 vs. 14 ± 2; p = 0.01) and 3 (12 ± 2 vs. 13 ± 1; p = 0.03). There was also a main effect during the test on heart rate when caffeine was ingested (F = 12.48, p < 0.01). The effects of caffeine were similar compared to the placebo condition regarding performance during combat both in offensive and defensive fighting variables Conclusions: the pre-exercise ingestion of 3 mg/kg body mass of caffeine increased performance in the SJFT test, decreased fatigue perception, and increased power and endurance perception in professionally traditional jiu-jitsu athletes. However, it did not seem to improve offensive and defensive technical actions during combat.post-print1054 K

Age determination procedures for benthic fish in Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO)

This handbook presents a summary of the age estimation procedures used in the Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO) for some of the main commercial benthic species of fish for the Spanish fleet: megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis), four spot megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii), white anglerfish (Lophius piscatorius), black anglerfish (Lophius budegassa). It provides information about the sampling program, the morphology of hard parts (otoliths and illicia), their extraction, preparation, and the age estimation criteria. A summary of information related to the accuracy, validation and corroboration of age of each species is also presented, as well as that related to the precision, quality control and verification of age

Four spot megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii) weight-length and weight-weight relationships in northern Iberian waters (stock 8.c, 9.a)

Total weight-length, gutted weight-length and total weight-gutted weight relationships were fitted for the Iberian Atlantic stock of four spot megrim (Lepidorhombus boscii) and their temporal variations were analyzed. The large sample size, size range and timeseries available allowed obtaining robust somatic parameters of combined sexes for the total weight-length relationships (a=0.0043, b=3.2008), for the gutted weight-length relationships (a=0.0055, b=3.1139), and the weight conversion factors (1.062). They are considered to best fit the current biometric relationships and most appropriate to be used in the stock assessment of the status of the stock and they contribute to a deeper knowledge of the life history traits of this species

Megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) weight-length relationships in the northern Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea

The weight-length relationships are of a great interest in fish biology, stock assessment and fishery management, by predicting weight from length information and allowing to estimate the stock biomass. Weight-length relationships of megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis), an economically relevant flatfish species, are studied for two decades (2001 to 2019) in northern Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea (ICES stock Div. 7.b-k, 8.abd), two important European fishing areas. More than 22000 specimens collected from commercial landings by AZTI and IEO were sampled. Total fish length, total weight and commercial gutted weight were obtained. Four five-year periods (quinquennium) (2000-04; 2005-09; 2010-14; 2015-19) were defined in the studied time-series. Both the large sample size and time-series available, as well as the collaboration between both institutions collecting complementary information from this stock, allowed obtaining robust somatic parameters and analyzing their temporal variations. A weight-length relationship model was fitted and the quinquennium and semester factors, which are of interest biologically and for assessment purposes, and their interactions were significant in the preliminary model. The weight-length relationships, both for total and gutted weight and for the combined sexes of the most recent quinquennium are presented in this work and considered the most suitable to be used in the oncoming annual assessment process of the status of this stock in northern Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea in ICES

Identification of emerging hazards in mussels by the Galician Emerging Food Safety Risks Network (RISEGAL). A first approach

Emerging risk identification is a priority for the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The goal of the Galician Emerging Food Safety Risks Network (RISEGAL) is the identification of emerging risks in foods produced and commercialized in Galicia (northwest Spain) in order to propose prevention plans and mitigation strategies. In this work, RISEGAL applied a systematic approach for the identification of emerging food safety risks potentially affecting bivalve shellfish. First, a comprehensive review of scientific databases was carried out to identify hazards most quoted as emerging in bivalves in the period 2016–2018. Then, identified hazards were semiquantitatively assessed by a panel of food safety experts, who scored them accordingly with the five evaluation criteria proposed by EFSA: novelty, soundness, imminence, scale, and severity. Scores determined that perfluorinated compounds, antimicrobial resistance, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, hepatitis E virus (HEV), and antimicrobial residues are the emerging hazards that are considered most imminent and severe and that could cause safety problems of the highest scale in the bivalve value chain by the majority of the experts consulted (75%). Finally, in a preliminary way, an exploratory study carried out in the Galician Rías highlighted the presence of HEV in mussels cultivated in class B production areas.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Benthic-demersal communities of circalittoral soft bottoms of Málaga Bay

The Bay of Málaga is located in a biodiversity hotspot with high productivity that favors a wide variety of commercial and non-commercial species as well as fishing fleet types. Benthic and demersal fauna from circalittoral soft bottoms of this bay have been studied using a benthic dredge (8 sampling stations in December 2013) and an otter trawl (8 sampling stations on a seasonal basis). Sediment and water properties have also been studied in order to analyze their relationships with the benthic and demersal communities. A total of 287 spp. have been found, being molluscs and fishes the most diverse and abundant ones in the samples. A low number of species (44 spp.) were only collected with both sampling gears, indicating the importance on combining sampling methods in biodiversity studies. Benthic dredge samples displayed some differences in relation to depth and sediment types, whereas differences of otter trawl samples seemed to be more influenced by seasonal changes. SIMPER analyses indicated that temporal variation was due to seasonal changes of abundance of some species of commercial interest. This seasonal variability should be taken into account in further management of this area as a potential new Fisheries Reserve.Versión del edito

Evaluation of the incidence of tetrodotoxin in bivalve molluscs associated with the presence of Vibrio spp. in the Galician Rías

De las intoxicaciones marinas más comunes, el envenenamiento por tetrodotoxina (TTX), conocido como PFP (Pufferfish Poisoning), tiene la mayor tasa de mortalidad. El envenenamiento ocurre en los seres humanos tras el consumo de pescado, crustáceos, gasterópodos u otras especies marinas contaminadas con TTX, así como algunos vertebrados terrestres. Más notablemente, la toxina se encuentra en los órganos de los peces de la familia Tetraodontidae, en particular el pez globo, un manjar gastronómico conocido como fugu en Japón. Las toxinas son reconocidas por muchos autores como exógenos, aunque su origen sigue sin ser claro. Diversos grupos de bacterias han sido consideradas como potenciales productores de TTX, destacando entre ellas el género Vibrio. Posteriormente se acumulan a través de la cadena alimentaria, llegando a peces, así como moluscos, gasterópodos, crustáceos, anfibios y pulpos. Los principales incidentes de PFP de TTX ocurren en las regiones de agua caliente, especialmente en el Océano Pacífico e Índico. Sin embargo, recientemente, se han reportado casos de intoxicación en el sur de Europa y detección de esta toxina en bivalvos procedentes del Atlántico Norte. Esto representa un problema emergente para la salud pública en Europa. Asimismo, se ha detectado TTX en moluscos bivalvos del Reino Unido, en los cuales se han encontrado varias cepas de Vibrio parahaemolyticus. La tesis doctoral se centrará en estudiar la posible relación entre la presencia de Vibrio spp. y TTX en moluscos bivalvos.Das intoxicacións mariñas máis común, o envelenamento por tetrodotoxina (TTX), coñecido como PFP (Pufferfish Poisoning), ten a maior taxa de mortalidade. O envelenamento ocorre nos seres humanos tras o consumo de peixe, crustáceos, gasterópodos ou outras especies mariñas contaminadas con TTX, así como algúns vertebrados terrestres. Máis notablemente, a toxina encontrase nos órganos dos peixes da familia Tetraodotidae, en particular no peixe globo, un manxar gastronómico coñecido como fugu no Xapón. As toxinas son recoñecidas por moitos autores coma externos, aínda que o súa orixe segue sen estar clara. Varios grupos de bacterias foron considerados como potenciais produtores de TTX, destacando o xénero Vibrio. Posteriormente acumúlanse a través da cadea alimentaria, chagando a peixes, así coma moluscos, gasterópodos, crustáceos, anfibios e polbos. TTX ocorren nas rexións de auga quente, especialmente no Océano Pacífico e Índico. Sen embargo, recentemente, reportáronse casos de intoxicación no sur de Europa e detección desta toxina en bivalvos procedentes do Atlántico Norte. Isto representa un problema emerxente para a saúde pública en Europa. Do mesmo xeito, detectouse TTX en moluscos bivalvos do Reino Unido, onde se atoparon varias cepas de Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A tese doutoral centrarase no estudio da posible relación entre a presenza de Vibrio spp. e TTX en moluscos bivalvos.Of the most common marine poisonings, tetrodotoxin poisoning (TTX), known as PFP (Pufferfish Poisoning), has the highest mortality rate. Poisoning occurs in humans after consumption of fish, crustaceans, gastropods or other marine species contaminated with TTX, as well as some terrestrial vertebrates. Most notably, the toxin is found in the fish organs of the Tetraodontidae family, particularly the balloon fish, a gastronomic delicacy known as fugu in Japan. The toxins are recognized by many authors as exogenous, although their origin remains unclear. Several groups of bacteria have been considered as potentially producing TTX, highlighting among them the genus Vibrio. Later they accumulate through the food chain, reaching fish, as well as molluscs, gastropods, crustaceans, amphibians and octopuses. The major incidents of TTX PFP occur in hot water regions, especially in the Pacific and Indian Ocean. Recently, however, cases of intoxication in southern Europe and detection of this toxin have been reported in bivalves from the North Atlantic. This represents an emerging problem for public health in Europe. Likewise, TTX has been detected in bivalve molluscs from the United Kingdom, in which several strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus have been found. The doctoral thesis will focus on studying the possible relationship between the presence of Vibrio spp. and TTX in bivalve molluscs

Megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) weight-length relationships in the northern Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea

The weight-length relationships are of a great interest in fish biology, stock assessment and fishery management, by predicting weight from length information and allowing to estimate the stock biomass. Weight-length relationships of megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis), an economically relevant flatfish species, are studied for two decades (2001 to 2019) in northern Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea (ICES stock Div. 7.b-k, 8.abd), two important European fishing areas. More than 22000 specimens collected from commercial landings by AZTI and IEO were sampled. Total fish length, total weight and commercial gutted weight were obtained. Four five-year periods (quinquennium) (2000-04; 2005-09; 2010-14; 2015-19) were defined in the studied time-series. Both the large sample size and time-series available, as well as the collaboration between both institutions collecting complementary information from this stock, allowed obtaining robust somatic parameters and analyzing their temporal variations. A weight-length relationship model was fitted and the quinquennium and semester factors, which are of interest biologically and for assessment purposes, and their interactions were significant in the preliminary model. The weight-length relationships, both for total and gutted weight and for the combined sexes of the most recent quinquennium are presented in this work and considered the most suitable to be used in the oncoming annual assessment process of the status of this stock in northern Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea in ICES

Seasonality in the condition of megrim and its somatic growth in Cantabrian Sea and Galician waters

The megrim (Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis) is a bottom-living species, important part of the benthic community in the Cantabrian Sea, and commercially exploited by the European fisheries. Robust and updated biological information of megrim is required for a deeper knowledge of its life history traits and an adequate stock assessment process and management. Condition factor, weight conversion factors and length-weight relationships are analyzed in Cantabrian Sea and Galician waters based on 7458 specimens from a time-series of 22 years (1998-2019) of commercial landings and from a research survey (2017). The influence of factors as the season, year, multi-year period, fish sex and maturity in the Le Cren’s condition factor (K) were analyzed. A clear seasonal pattern in K, more prominent in females was found, with the lowest condition in April (after the spawning period), and a progressive increase to the highest values from November to February, showing the relevance of K as indicator of the nutritional / reproductive status of megrim. The linear weight conversion equation and the power length-weight equations were also estimated and sexual and temporal differences were found. The somatic parameters obtained here are available to be used in the annual assessment of the Atlantic Iberian stock. Our findings will contribute to facilitating better exploitation, management and conservation of this Iberian resource