The volume of ERCP per endoscopist is associated with a higher technical success and a lower post-ERCP pancreatitis rate. A prospective analysis

Introduction: conflicting results have been reported regarding the influence of the annual volume of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) on outcome. Objective: to evaluate the influence of case volume on ERCP outcomes. Patients and methods: an analysis of a prospective database was performed, comparing the outcomes of ERCP in three consecutive periods defined by the number of endoscopists performing ERCP: five endoscopists in period I (P1), four in period II (P2) and three in period III (P3). Only patients with biliary ERCP in accessible and naïve papilla were included. Primary variables were cannulation rates and adverse effects (AE). The American Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ASGE) complexity grades III and IV were considered as highly complex procedures. Results: a total of 2,561 patients were included: 727 (P1), 972 (P2) and 862 (P3). There were no differences in age and sex between groups (p > 0.05). The cannulation rate was significantly higher in P2 and P3: 92.4 % vs 93.3 % vs 93 % (p = 0.037). The AE rate was 13.8 %, 12.6 % and 10.3 % (p > 0.05), respectively. The rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis was significantly lower in P3: 8.5 %, 7.3 % and 5 % (p = 0.01). The rate of complex procedures was 12 %, 14.8 % and 27 % (p < 0.0001), respectively. Two endoscopists participated in all periods and only one had significantly improved outcomes. Cannulation and post-ERCP pancreatitis rates remained significantly better in P3 after adjusting for sex, complexity and endoscopist. Conclusion: a higher annual volume of ERCP per endoscopist was associated with a higher rate of cannulation and a lower rate of post-ERCP pancreatitis, despite the greater complexity of the procedures. These beneficial effects seem to differ between endoscopists

Sismicidad, reología y estructura térmica de la corteza en el Arco de Gibraltar

Contiene un amplio resumen en inglésTesis realizada en colaboración con el Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra del CSICTesis Univ. Granada. Departamento de Geodinámica. Leída el 8 de febrero de 200

Estimación de la evapotranspiración mediante un balance de energía utilizando sensores remotos

Determining evapotranspiration (ET) is an important element in the water use and management process. Mapping Evapotranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration (METRIC) calculates ET as a residual of the energy balance using satellite images. The objective was to validate the functioning of METRIC to calculate the ET and estimate the efficiency of water use in the Rio Yaqui Irrigation District (ID). Eight Landsat satellite (TM and ETM+ sensors) images and turbulent flow measurements with turbulent covariance towers (Eddy Covariance - EC) were used in a plot with common wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivation extending throughout the DR. The ET estimated with METRIC and the measurement with EC showed a high degree of correspondence; in the eight images, a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.76 mm d-1 was obtained, along with an absolute mean error (AME) of 0.65 mm d-1, an agreement index (d) of 0.93 and an R2 of 0.83 in the daily estimates. The METRIC methodology is a viable tool to estimate the spatial, temporal variability of ET and the efficiency of water use.Determinar la evapotranspiración (ET) es importante en el proceso del uso y manejo del agua. Mapping Evapotranspiration at High Resolution using Internalized Calibration (METRIC) calcula la ET como un residual del balance de energía, por medio de imágenes de satélite. El objetivo fue validar el funcionamiento de METRIC para calcular la ET y estimar la eficiencia del uso del agua en el Distrito de Riego (DR) Rio Yaqui. Se utilizaron ocho imágenes de satélite Landsat (sensores TM y ETM+) y mediciones de flujos turbulentos con torres de covarianza turbulenta (Eddy Covariance - EC) en una parcela con cultivo de Trigo (Triticum aestivum) con extensión en todo el DR. La ET estimada con METRIC y la medida con EC mostraron alto grado de correspondencia, en las ocho imágenes se obtuvo una raíz cuadrada del cuadrado medio del error (RMSE) de 0.76 mm d-1, error medio absoluto (MAE) de 0.65 mm d-1, índice de acuerdo (d) de 0.93 y R2 de 0.83 en las estimaciones diarias. La metodología METRIC es una herramienta viable para estimar la variabilidad espacio-temporal de la ET y la eficiencia del uso del agua

. 79 Nueva Época (2005) julio-septiembre. Antropología. Boletín Oficial del Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia

- Buñuel rumbo a México. Iluminaciones de una correspondencia inédita con Ricardo Urgoiti por Javier Herrera Navarro. - Los olvidados, de Luis Buñuel: el exilio republicano español y la revitalización del cine social en Latinoamérica por Manuel Palacio y Juan Carlos Ibáñez. - El Cristo negro en la tradición del Camino Real de Tierra Adentro por José de la Cruz Pacheco Rojas. - El impacto de la secundaria por televisión en la educación y en la identidad india por Ma. Sara Molinari Soriano y José Íñigo Aguilar Medina. - Mujeres indígenas migrantes: violencia intrafamiliar y factores de cambio en las relaciones de género por Marta Romer. - El Señor del Santo Entierro de Santiago Papasquiaro y la definición de una comunidad religiosa en el viejo Camino Real de Tierra Adentro por J. Antonio Reyes V.- Un modelo de evaluación de los programas de vinculación social de la Universidad Veracruzana por Selene Álvarez-Larrauri y Berenice Pérez. - La construcción social de la identidad en Tultitlán, Estado de México por Fermín Alí Cruz Muñoz, Ma. Estela Muñoz Espinosa y Alejandro Alí Cruz Muñoz. - La capilla colonial de Tamalcab, Quintana Roo por Fernando Cortés de Brasdefer y Bandini Cortés de Brasdefer Romano. - Estudio anatómico de la madera del retablo de Santa María de la Asunción del templo de San Bernardino de Siena, Xochimilco por Pablo Torres Soria. - Jesús Helguera: “pintor de calendarios” por Martha Fernández. - A propósito de Miguel Covarrubias por José Guadalupe Benítez Muro. - Discurso historiográfico, universidad y democracia en América Latina por Carlos M. Tur Donatti

Active landscapes of Iberia

The recent geodynamic evolution of Iberia is recorded in its topography. Geomorphic markers and their dating; morphometric indices estimated through cutting-edge DEM analysis techniques; and the link of all this data with results of geophysical studies allow discussing why Iberia displays the highest average elevation in Europe and shows a particular topography with such diversity of landscapes. For example, the region of the Iberian (or Hesperian) Massif, the western sector of Iberia, shows an anomalous average elevation without a satisfactory explanation. On the other hand, different explanations about the recent evolution of the Alpine mountain ranges of the eastern sector of Iberia have come to light after macroscale landscape analyses. This is strengthening the debate on the driving force behind the actual topography of the Pyrenees, Cantabrian Mountains, Iberian Chain and Betics