A Statistical Analysis of Solar Surface Indices Through the Solar Activity Cycles 21-23

Variations of total solar irradiance (TSI), magnetic field, Ca II K-flux, faculae and plage areas due to the number and the type of sunspots/sunspot groups (SGs) are well established by using Solar Irradiance Platform and ground based data from various centers such as Stanford Data (SFO), Kodaikanal data (KKL) and National Geographical Data Center (NGDC) Homepage, respectively. We applied time series analysis for extracting the data over the descending phases of solar activity cycles (SACs) 21, 22 and 23, and the ascending phases 22 and 23 of SACs, and analyzed the selected data using the Python programming language. Our detailed analysis results suggest that there is a stronger correlation between solar surface indices and the changes in the relative portion of the small and large SGs. This somewhat unexpected finding suggest that plage regions decreased in a lower values in spite of the higher number of large SGs in SAC 23 while Ca II K-flux did not decrease by large amount or it was comparable with SAC 22 for some years and relates with C type and DEF type SGs. Thus, increase of facular areas which are influenced by large SGs caused a small percentage decrease in TSI while decrement of plage areas triggered a higher decrease in the flux of magnetic field. Our results thus reveal the potential of such detailed comparison of SG analysis with solar surface indices for understanding and predicting future trends in the SAC.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, Main Journa

Türkiye’nin Güneydoğu Akdeniz Sahillerindeki Kızıldeniz Göçmeni Sargocentron rubrum (Forsskal, 1775)’un Balık Boy ve Otolit Boyutları Arasındaki İlişkiler

In the present study, sampling was monthly collected from commercial fishing longline boats operating in the southeastern Mediterranean Sea (Arsuz coast) during September 2017-April 2018 and the relationship between fish length and otolith dimensions (length, width and weight) of 151 redcoat samples were examined. Right otolith pairs were used for calculations since there were no statistical differences between left and right otoliths (P>0.05). Total fish lengths of all samples ranged from between 11.4-21.0 cm. Otolith lengths and otolith widths were calculated between 0.35-0.86 cm and 0.26-0.56 cm for all samples. Otolith weights were determined between 0.010-0.059 g. Total fish length-otolith length, total fish length-otolith width and total fish length-otolith weight relationships were determined as OL= 0.0512TL+0.186 (r2=0.865), OWi= 0.0255TL+0.0021 (r2=0.825) and OW= 0.00002TL2.678 (r2=0.936) on the total of 151 specimens, respectively. Linear relationships between total fish length-otolith length and total fish length-otolith width were found in all fish. The results of study will have new contributions to the field and useful to fisheries management.Bu çalışmada, Eylül 2017-Nisan 2018 dönemlerinde Güneydoğu Akdeniz'de (Arsuz kıyılarında) faaliyet gösteren ticari balıkçı parekete teknelerinden aylık olarak örneklenen 151 adet Kıızkdeniz göçmeni Hindistan balığı bireylerinin balık boyu ve otolit boyutları (uzunluk, genişlik, ağırlık) arasındaki ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Sağ ve sol otolitler arasında istatistiksel fark bulunmadığından, hesaplamalarda sağ otolit çiftleri kullanıldı (P> 0.05). Tüm örneklerin toplam balık uzunlukları 11.4-21.0 cm arasında değişmiştir. Tüm örnekler için otolit uzunlukları ve otolit genişlikleri 0.35-0.86 cm ile 0.26-0.56 cm arasında hesaplandı. Otolit ağırlıkları ise 0.010-0.059 g olarak belirlendi. Toplam balık boyu-otolit uzunluğu, toplam balık boyu-otolit genişliği ve toplam balık boyu-otolit ağırlık ilişkisi sırasıyla, toplam 151 örnek üzerinde; OL = 0.0512xTL + 0.186 (r2 = 0.865), OWi = 0.0255xTL + 0.0021 (r2 = 0.825), OW = 0.00002xTL2.678 (r2 = 0.9366) olarak belirlendi. Tüm balıklarda toplam balık boyu-otolit uzunluğu ve toplam balık boyu-otolit genişliği arasında doğrusal ilişki bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın sonuçları, alana yeni katkılar sağlayacak ve balıkçılık yönetimine faydalı olacaktır

A DIFFERENT EXAMPLE FOR CONTEMPORARY CAMPUS GATES: DOKUZ EYLUL UNIVERSITY TINAZTEPE CAMPUS EAST GATE

Türkiye’nin son 20 yılda değişen yükseköğretim politikalarına koşut olarak sayısı hızla artan üniversite yerleşkeleri vebinaları farklı yöntem ve yaklaşımlarla elde edilmekte, bunun sonucu olarak da oldukça geniş bir nitelik yelpazesineyayılmaktadırlar. Bu çalışmanın odağına aldığı yapı tipi bu geniş stokun mütevazı bir kısmını oluşturan yerleşke girişkapılarıdır.Giriş ve giriş yapılarının gerek kavramsal gerekse yapısal olarak geçmişi inşa edilen ilk mimari ürünlere kadargötürülebilir. Bu konudaki tarihsel okumalardan çıkarılabilecek sonuçlardan bir tanesi giriş yapılarının salt işlevselyapılar olmalarının dışında sembolik anlamları da üzerlerinde taşıdıklarıdır. Bu perspektifle, çalışmada, yakın dönemdeinşa edilen yerleşke giriş yapılarının birincil işlevleri dışındaki anlamlarının tartışılmasında kullanılabilecek birkategorizasyon önerisi sunulmaktadır.Son yıllarda üretilen üniversite giriş yapılarına dair bir değerlendirme yapıldığında biçimci ve rasyonel olmak üzerebaşlıca iki yaklaşımın baskın olduğunu söylenebilir. Biçimci yaklaşımların kaynağı tarihsel veya simgesel olabilmekte yada önceden tasarlanmış bir logonun mimariye aktarılması gibi yöntemler benimsenebilmektedir. Bu yaklaşımlatasarlanarak inşa edilen giriş kapılarının simgesel yönlerinin ön plana çıktığı, işlevlerinin ikinci planda kaldığıgözlenmektedir. Rasyonel yaklaşımların ise biçimi önceki yaklaşım kadar öncelemediğini ancak temel tasarım ilkelerigözetilerek tasarlanmış kütlelerin işlevle örtüştürülmesini ilke edindiğini söylemek yanlış olmaz.Günümüzde biçimci yaklaşımların yoğunluğunun arttığı gözlenirken bu anlamda farklılaşan bir örnek olarak yakınzamanda tamamlanan Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Tınaztepe Yerleşkesi Doğu Kapısı’nın mimarisi ve tasarım ilkeleri elealınmaya değer görünmektedir. Yapının tasarımındaki tavrın yakın dönem örneklerinden ayrılan noktaları ile bazımodernist öncüllerle paralellikleri yapının anlam dünyasını zenginleştirmekte ve onu öğretici kılmaktadır.The number of university campuses and buildings in Turkey has been rapidly increasing since the 2000s. In parallel tochanges in higher education policy in this period, university buildings are obtained via different methods andapproaches, which influence their architectural quality. Given that, university buildings built in this period show a widerange of qualities. This study focuses on campus gate buildings, which can be considered as the modest part of thislarge university building stock.The gates and entrance buildings’ history on conceptual and structural characteristics can be traced back to the firstarchitectural products. One of the conclusions that can be drawn from historical readings on this topic is that the gatestructures are not solely considered as functional structures as they involve and demonstrate symbolic meanings. Withthis perspective, the study aims to offer a categorization of contemporary campus gates. This categorization can beused to discuss the meanings of the recently built campus gates as it relies on information beyond the gate’s primaryfunctions.When an evaluation is made on contemporary university gates, it would not be wrong to argue that two mainapproaches are dominant in designing urban gates; formal and rational. Form-oriented approaches tend to rely onhistorical or symbolic information. They often tend to adopt methods such as transferring a pre-designed logo to thearchitecture. It is observed that the gates designed with this approach value the symbolic aspects and ignore thefunctional quality. On the other hand, rational approaches do not give priority to form as much as the former one andtend to focus on the harmony between form and function. The form is designed by considering the basic designprinciples.While the number of gates which are designed with form-oriented approaches is increasing nowadays, discussing therecently completed campus gate’s architecture and its design principles are important. Dokuz Eylül UniversityTınaztepe Campus East Gate offers a different example in this sense. The unique ideas that differ from the other recentcounterparts and some characteristics which are parallel to the ideas of some modernist premises could enrich themeaning of the building and make it instructive

Postural stability and functional capacity in recreational athletes with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate postural stability and functional capacity in recreational athletes with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1 DM) and to compare them with healthy recreational athletes. Materials and Methods: Sixteen recreational athletes with T1 DM (21.4 +/- 2.1 years of age, 174.3 +/- 7 cm height, 64.5 +/- 10.1 kg weight, 10.9 +/- 5.3 body fat percentage [BFP]) and 19 healthy recreational athletes (21.9 +/- 2.5 years of age, 173.1 +/- 5.2 cm height, 66.1 +/- 4 kg weight. 14.4 +/- 1.5 BFP) participated in this study. Postural stability was measured by using the one leg standing test (OLST) (static test) and single limb hopping course (SLHC) test (dynamic test). Functional capacity was evaluated by using the isokinetic muscle strength test, one-legged and triple-legged hop for distance tests, and six meter (6-m) and cross 6-m hop for time tests. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare mean values of the diabetic group (DG) with those of the control group (CG). Results: There was no difference between groups with regards to anthropometric data except in BFP (P 0.05). OLST (P < 0.05) and SLHC tests (P < 0.01) were significantly lower in the DG. Conclusions: These results suggest that diabetic athletes have reduced postural stability

Atrial electromechanical delay is impaired in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is an endocrine disease that poses a risk for cardiac arrhythmias. Atrial electromechanical delay (EMD) has been known as an early marker of atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to evaluate the atrial EMD in PHPT. Material and methods: Fifty PHPT patients (45 females, 5 males) aged 30–75 years and 38 controls (35 females, 3 males) aged 31–73 years were included in the study. Atrial EMD parameters were measured by using tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). Inter-atrial EMD was calculated as the difference between PA lateral and PA tricuspid; intra-atrial EMD was calculated as the difference between PA septum and PA tricuspid, and left-atrial EMD was calculated as the difference between PA lateral and PA septum. Results: Atrial EMD parameters (PA lateral, PA septum, PA tricuspid) significantly increased in the PHPT group compared to the control group (p &lt; 0.001, for all). Also, inter-atrial and intra-atrial EMD were higher in the PHPT group than in the control group (p &lt; 0.001, for all). In correlation analysis, calcium was closely associated with PA lateral (r = 0.749, p &lt; 0.001), PA septum (r = 0.735, p &lt; 0.001), inter-atrial EMD (r = 0.807, p &lt; 0.001), and intra-atrial EMD (r = 0.838, p &lt; 0.001). The same correlation relationship was seen between PTH levels with PA lateral (r = 671, p &lt; 0.001), PA septum (r = 0.660, p &lt; 0,001), inter-atrial EMD (r = 0.674, p &lt; 0.001), and intra-atrial EMD (r = 0.732, p &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Atrial EMD parameters were prolonged in PHPT. The measurement of atrial EMD parameters might be used in determining the risk of AF development in PHPT

Mitotane-Induced Hyperlipidemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Limited data are available about mitotane-nduced hyperlipidemia. We retrospectively analyzed lipid data in 38 patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) who received mitotane therapy with emphasis on HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) and clinical predictors of lipid changes. At baseline, the mean levels of HDL-c, LDL-c, and triglycerides were 53.3 mg/dL, 114.4 mg/dL, and 149 mg/dL, respectively. HDL-c, LDL-c, and triglyceride concentrations significantly increased with mitotane therapy to a mean HDL peak (HDL-P) of 86.3 mg/dL ( &lt; 0.001), a mean LDL peak of 160.1 mg/dL ( &lt; 0.001), and a mean triglyceride peak (Tg-P) of 216.7 mg/dL ( = 0.042). HDL-P positively correlated with mitotane concentration ( = 0.52, &lt; 0.001), while LDL-P levels and Tg-P did not. Gender, body mass index, cortisol overproduction, baseline levels of HDL-c, and triglyceride did not predict change in HDL-c. Similar changes were noticed in subgroup analysis after excluding patients who were using lipid-lowering agents. In conclusion, in ACC patients, mitotane caused significant increases in HDL-c that may counteract the deleterious atherosclerotic effects of LDL-c and Tg rise. Understanding the mechanism of HDL change may lead to the discovery of novel HDL-c-elevating drugs

Mitotane-Induced Hyperlipidemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study

Limited data are available about mitotane-nduced hyperlipidemia. We retrospectively analyzed lipid data in 38 patients with adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) who received mitotane therapy with emphasis on HDL cholesterol (HDL-c) and clinical predictors of lipid changes. At baseline, the mean levels of HDL-c, LDL-c, and triglycerides were 53.3 mg/dL, 114.4 mg/dL, and 149 mg/dL, respectively. HDL-c, LDL-c, and triglyceride concentrations significantly increased with mitotane therapy to a mean HDL peak (HDL-P) of 86.3 mg/dL (P<0.001), a mean LDL peak of 160.1 mg/dL (P<0.001), and a mean triglyceride peak (Tg-P) of 216.7 mg/dL (P=0.042). HDL-P positively correlated with mitotane concentration (r=0.52,P<0.001), while LDL-P levels and Tg-P did not. Gender, body mass index, cortisol overproduction, baseline levels of HDL-c, and triglyceride did not predict change in HDL-c. Similar changes were noticed in subgroup analysis after excluding patients who were using lipid-lowering agents. In conclusion, in ACC patients, mitotane caused significant increases in HDL-c that may counteract the deleterious atherosclerotic effects of LDL-c and Tg rise. Understanding the mechanism of HDL change may lead to the discovery of novel HDL-c-elevating drugs

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good