Regulating Indecent Broadcasting: Setting Sail From Harbors or Sunk by the V-Chip?

Family values has become a familiar phrase in all arenas of American life. As a result of the increasing concern over family values in broadcasting, the religious right, as well as the liberal left, have tried to stay the progression of moral decadence in our youth. The concerns have been directed towards violent, sexual and vulgar content in radio, television, and films

Cognitive and noncognitive variables that predict Florida Community College radiography program graduates\u27 success on the registry

This study examined the predictive merits of selected cognitive and noncognitive variables on the national Registry exam pass rate using 2008 graduates (n = 175) from community college radiography programs in Florida. The independent variables included two GPAs, final grades in five radiography courses, self-efficacy, and social support. The dependent variable was the first-attempt results on the national Registry exam. The design was a retrospective predictive study that relied on academic data collected from participants using the self-report method and on perceptions of students\u27 success on the national Registry exam collected through a questionnaire developed and piloted in the study. All independent variables except self-efficacy and social support correlated with success on vii the national Registry exam (p \u3c .01) using the Pearson Product-Moment Correlation analysis. The strongest predictor of the national Registry exam success was the end-of-program GPA, r = .550, p \u3c .001. The GPAs and scores for self-efficacy and social support were entered into a logistic regression analysis to produce a prediction model. The end-of-program GPA (p = .015) emerged as a significant variable. This model predicted 44% of the students who failed the national Registry exam and 97.3% of those who passed, explaining 45.8% of the variance. A second model included the final grades for the radiography courses, self efficacy, and social support. Three courses significantly predicted national Registry exam success; Radiographic Exposures, p \u3c .001; Radiologic Physics, p = .014; and Radiation Safety & Protection, p = .044, explaining 56.8% of the variance. This model predicted 64% of the students who failed the national Registry exam and 96% of those who passed. The findings support the use of in-program data as accurate predictors of success on the national Registry exam

Foreword

The University of Richmond Law Review is pleased to present its twelfth Annual Survey of Virginia Law. Since its inception in 1985, the Annual Survey has been dedicated to providing the Virginia practitioner with a reliable resource for judicial, legislative, and administrative developments in the Commonwealth. Although each article focuses on developments in Virginia law, federal developments affecting the Virginia practitioner are also covered. The reader may notice that this year\u27s Annual Survey was printed two months later than in past years. The Editorial Board made this change to allow for the printing of the updated Code of Virginia, permitting the authors to cite the Code rather than the Acts of Assembly. The Law Review hopes that this change does not affect the usefulness of this issue

Escaping the Trap for Good: Working for Sustainable Peace and Development in Northern Uganda

The international community now endorses a program of Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (DDR) for facilitating civil conflict resolution and recovery. While Disarmament and Demobilization are necessary conditions for peace, I argue that the success of Reintegration programs (i.e. integrating former combatants back into civilian society) largely determines the longer-term stabilization of these countries. Therefore, my project asks how reintegration efforts shape the prospects for development and peace within a society affected by civil conflict. I use Sen’s capability approach to development as the standard by which to measure the success of any recovery effort, allowing for a comprehensive analysis of how relief attempts shape the prospects of individuals within the post-conflict society. My research focuses on the situation in northern Uganda, a case study that presents an opportunity to analyze not only ongoing reintegration efforts but also the role of such recovery approaches within an environment of ongoing conflict. My findings are drawn from interviews and observations collected during two months of field work in the capital city of Kampala and northern town of Gulu spent interacting with relief workers, community officials, and persons affected by the conflict. On the whole, despite some immediate successes, the role of the relief efforts in bringing sustainable peace and development to the war torn society is limited by failure to pursue a sufficiently broad program of reintegration in terms of both targets and objectives. Because of inadequate consideration of the community beyond ex-combatants and neglect of broader development goals like political voice, the shortcomings of such interventions leave societies in a precarious post-conflict condition and may even contribute to the failure to end violence sooner. I conclude by offering suggestions for alternative approaches to relief and recovery through reintegration, focusing on the inclusion of all war-affected persons in the community and objectives of political and social empowerment beyond mere economic survival.OSU Honors & Scholars CenterOSU Colleges of the Arts and SciencesOSU College of Social and Behavioral SciencesOSU Department of Political ScienceOSU Mershon Center for International Security StudiesOSU Undergraduate Student Governmen

An Analysis of Pedestrian Waiting Time at Uncontrolled Crosswalks Using Discrete Choice Model

A study of pedestrians crossing behavior is conducted at an uncontrolled mid-block crosswalk in Istanbul Turkey, to model the pedestrians waiting time, related to their behavior for making the crossing decision. This article focused on the issues encountered in the modeling of the operational behavior of pedestrians. The discrete choice framework is used because of its capacity to deal with individuals’ choice behavior. Pedestrians waiting time is classified into three levels, including low, medium, and high levels based on the level of service of pedestrians waiting time. The pedestrians’ behavior prediction has been improved by analyzing, taking into account three levels for pedestrian behavior

The effect of ambient light condition on road traffic collisions involving pedestrians on pedestrian crossings

Previous research suggests darkness increases the risk of a collision involving a pedestrian and the severity of any injury suffered. Pedestrian crossings are intended to make it safer to cross the road, but it is not clear whether they are effective at doing this after-dark, compared with during daylight. Biannual clock changes resulting from transitions to and from daylight saving time were used to compare RTCs in the UK during daylight and darkness but at the same time of day, thus controlling for potential influences on RTC numbers not related to the ambient light condition. Odds ratios and regression discontinuity analysis suggested there was a significantly greater risk of a pedestrian RTC at a crossing after-dark than during daylight. Results also suggested the risk of an RTC after-dark was greater at a pedestrian crossing than at a location at least 50 m away from a crossing. Whilst these results show the increased danger to pedestrians using a designated crossing after-dark, this increased risk is not due to a lack of lighting at these locations as 98% of RTCs at pedestrian crossings after-dark were lit by road lighting. This raises questions about the adequacy and effectiveness of the lighting used at pedestrian crossings

Pedestrian age and gender in relation to crossing behavior at midblock crossings in India

Pedestrians have unique needs to ensure their safety as they interact with others within a transportation system. Since this is especially true in third world context, it is imperative to gain a better understanding of pedestrian behaviors in developing countries. The goal is to have planners and engineers create appropriate design guidelines and inform policy decisions. Data on pedestrian characteristics and behavior metrics were gathered from midblock crossings in Bangalore, Karnataka, India. Quadratic and logistic regressions suggest that pedestrian delay and utilization of crossings increase with age, while conflicts decrease with it. Male waiting time is approximately half of female waiting time, and males are twice as likely to cause conflicts with motor vehicles. These strong patterns will hopefully aid in the understanding of pedestrian behavior in relation to motor vehicle traffic in urban areas of developing countries, encouraging safer crossings to be designed