Interference cancellation in multiuser hybrid overlay cognitive radio

In this paper, we consider an overlay cognitive radio (CR) consisting of a primary macro-cell and cognitive small cells of cooperative secondary base stations (SBS).We suggest studying a hybrid CR where a filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) is used for the secondary users (SU) whereas the primary users (PU) are based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Compared to OFDM, FBMC has the advantage of reducing the SU interference level that is induced by the differences between the SBS and PU carrier frequency offsets (CFO). Our contribution is threefold: 1/ we derive the interference expression due to SU at the PU receiver, 2/ we propose to use zero forcing beamforming (ZFBF) to cancel the interference, 3/ a comparative study with CR based on OFDM for both the PU and the SU confirms the efficiency of the proposed scheme

Neueste Geschichte der Libauischen St. Annen- oder lettischen Kirche : Ein Nachtrag zum zweiten Theile der Kirchengeschichte des sel. M. Tetsch ; Nebst den bei Wiedereröffnung jener Kirche ... 1820 gehaltene Vorträgen

http://tartu.ester.ee/record=b2425975~S1*es

Diagnosis Of The Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) Using A Raman-Based Scanner Optimized For Blood Smear Analysis (M3s Project)

Introduction/ Background In hematology, actual diagnosis of B chronic lymphocyte-leukemia (CLL) is based on the microscopic analysis of cell morphology from patient blood smear. However, new photonic technologies appear promising to facilitate and improve the early diagnosis, prognostic and monitoring of personalized therapy. The development of automated diagnostic approaches could assist clinicians in improving the efficiency and quality of health services, but also reduce medical costs. Aims The M3S project aims at improving the diagnosis and prognosis of the CLL pathology by developing a multimodal microscopy platform, including Raman spectrometry, dedicated to the automatic analysis of lymphocytes. Methods Blood smears were prepared on glass slides commonly used in pathology laboratories for microscopy. Two types of sample per patient were prepared: a conventional blood smear and a deposit of “pure” lymphocyte subtypes (i.e. normal B, CLL B, T and NK), sorted out in flow cytometry by using the negative double labeling technique. The second sample is used for the construction of a database of spectral markers specific of these different cell types. The preparations were analyzed with the multimodal machine which combines i) a Raman micro-spectrometer, equipped with a 532nm diode laser excitation source; ii) a microscope equipped with 40x and 150x lenses and a high precision xyz motorized stage for scanning the blood smear, and localizing x-y coordinates of representative series (~100 for each patient) of lymphocyte cells before registering three Raman spectra; these cells of interest being previously localized by an original method based on the morphology analysis. After the Raman acquisitions, the conventional blood smears were submitted to immunolabelling using specific antibodies. For the establishment of the Raman classifiers, this post-acquisition treatment was used as reference to distinguish the different lymphocyte sub-populations. Raman data were then analyzed using chemometric processing and supervised statistical classifiers in order to construct a spectral library of markers highly specific of the lymphocyte type and status (normal or pathological). Results Currently, a total of 60 patients (CLL and healthy) were included in the study. Various classification methods such as LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis), PLS-DA (Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis), RF (Random Forest) and SVM (Support Vector Machine), were tested in the purpose to distinguish tumoral B lymphocytes from other cell types. These classification algorithms were combined with feature selection approaches. The best performances were around 70% of correct identification when a three-class model (B-CLL vs B-normal vs T and NK lymphocytes) was considered, and 80% in case of a two-class model (B-CLL vs B-normal lymphocytes). These encouraging results demonstrate the potential of Raman micro-spectroscopy coupled to supervised classification algorithms for leukemic cell classification. The approach can find interest more generally in the field of cyto-hematology. Further developments will concern the integration of additional modality such as Quantitative Phase Imaging on one hand to speed the exploration process of cells of interest to be probed, and on the other hand to extract additional characteristics likely to be informative for CLL diagnosis. In addition, the identification of prognostic markers will be investigated by confronting the photonic data to clinical patient information.

Does Religiosity Promote Property Rights and the Rule of Law?

Social and cultural determinants of economic institutions and outcomes have come to the forefront of economic research. We introduce religiosity, measured as the share for which religion is important in daily life, to explain institutional quality in the form of property rights and the rule of law. Previous studies have only measured the impact of membership shares of different religions, with mixed results. We find, in a cross-country regression analysis comprising up to 112 countries, that religiosity is negatively related to our institutional outcome variables. This only holds in democracies (not autocracies), which suggests that religiosity affects the way institutions work through the political process. Individual religions are not related to our measure of institutional quality

Conciliating access to mobility and sustainable mobility : how do urban policies take into account access to mobility inequalities in the Greater Lyon?

L’action collective urbaine est confrontée à une double injonction potentiellement contradictoire en matière de mobilité quotidienne. Elle doit garantir l’accès à la mobilité pour tous et réduire les mobilités individuelles motorisées. Avec la pluralisation des politiques urbaines, cet enjeu de cohérence se double d’un enjeu de coordination, qui subsume la traditionnelle cohérence urbanisme-transport.Cette thèse interroge la conciliation des enjeux d’accès à la mobilité et de mobilité durable. L’étude analyse la prise en compte des inégalités d’accès à la mobilité dans les politiques urbaines de la Communauté Urbaine de Lyon. Les aides à la mobilité des politiques de retour à l’emploi et les Plans de déplacement inter-entreprises portés par la politique temporelle, sont comparés à la tarification sociale et l’amélioration de la desserte des quartiers défavorisés de la politique de transport.Les résultats montrent que les enjeux sociaux n’ont jamais fait l’objet d’une attention aussi grande, avec le passage d’un droit au transport pour tous à un droit au transport ciblé et l’émergence de droits à la mobilité. Mais, la conciliation entre les enjeux potentiellement contradictoires d’accès à la mobilité pour tous et de mobilité durable est difficile à l’échelle d’agglomération, ces enjeux étant concurrents lorsque sont arbitrés les choix politiques et financiers. La prise en compte des enjeux sociaux est retardée, limitée, voire oubliée en cours de route, la stratégie d’agglomération étant orientée vers l’attractivité économique et l’exemplarité en matière de développement durable.Urban policies have to conciliate the paradoxical stakes that are access to mobility for everyone on one hand and personal car use reduction on the other hand. Considering the pluralisation of urban policies, this issue is not only a matter of coherence but also of coordination that subsumes the coordination of land-use planning and transport.This study examines how urban policies conciliate access to mobility and sustainable mobility. It analyzes how urban policies take into account access to mobility inequalities in the Greater Lyon. Innovative mobility services (access to work initiatives and Inter-Companies Commuter Plans) are compared with transport policies.The unprecedented focus on social issues results of the shift from a right to transport to a targeted right to transport and the joint emergence of rights to mobility. But, since they are competing when political and financial choices are arbitrated, conciliating these potentially contradictory issues is difficult at the local urban scale. Social issues are taken into account with delay or limited or forgotten with the Greater Lyon’ strategies being concentrated on economic competitiveness and sustainable development exemplarity

Assessment of Oral Glycine and Lysine Therapy on Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products and Transforming Growth Factor Beta Expression in the Kidney of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats in Comparison with Normal Rats

Abstract: Background & Aims: Today, diabetic nephropathy is considered to be one of the most common causes of end stage renal disease. Uncontrolled hyperglycemia, and consequently, production of advanced glycation end products activate pathways which play key roles in diabetic nephropathy. Among these pathways, high expression of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF?) are notable. In this study, in order to find compounds which can prevent the incidence or progression of diabetic nephropathy, we examined the effects of glycine and lysine amino acids on expression of RAGE and TGF? in kidney tissue of diabetic rats. Methods: After rendering rats with diabetes with streptozotocin (STZ), they were divided into different groups and were treated with oral 1% glycine and 0.1% lysine in drinking water for 12 weeks. Blood glucose and serum AGEs were measured during this time. Changes in RAGE and TGF? expression were assessed by semi quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method. Results: Results show that both glycine and lysine administration for 12 weeks not only caused a significant reduction in blood glucose and AGEs in diabetic rats, but also led to a significant reduction in RAGE and TGF? expression in comparison to non-treated diabetic rats. Conclusion: These results show that oral glycine and lysine, as chemical chaperones, have the ability to prevent diabetic nephropathy by decreasing RAGE and TGF? expression. This may be due to the effect of these chemical chaperones in the reduction of hyperglycemia and serum AGEs in diabetic rats. Since the positive effects of these amino acids in diabetic nephropathy have been observed in previous studies, the determination of their dose in future studies seems necessary. Keywords: Receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), Advanced glycation end products (AGEs), Glycine, Lysine, Chemical chaperone