12 research outputs found
The Role of Fatalism in Resilience to Food Price Volatility in Bangladesh
Millions of people in Bangladesh suffer from hunger, unpredictable and unstable livelihoods, precarious living conditions and social injustice. Yet they survive and become resilient. However, the resilience achieved by the poor is minimal and incremental in nature and does not result in their wellbeing. Based on three years of qualitative research, this article attempts to understand the nature of and pathways to ‘resilience of the poor people'. The article argues that poor people's approach to ‘resilience’ is twofold. First, they perceive their poverty and associated problems as ‘Allah's will', with not much to be done about it. At the same time, they engage in continuous innovative practices to survive. These two worldviews together ('fatalism’ and ‘self?help') make the poor ‘resilient'. This also ‘partially’ explains the absence of strong activism, collective action and protests within a context of state failure (in terms of ensuring rights and entitlements to its citizens)
Occurrence and Determinants of Postpartum Maternal Morbidities and Disabilities among Women in Matlab, Bangladesh
The burden of maternal ill-health includes not only the levels of
maternal mortality and complications during pregnancy and around the
time of delivery but also extends to the standard postpartum period of
42 days with consequences of obstetric complications and poor
management at delivery. There is a dearth of reliable data on these
postpartum maternal morbidities and disabilities in developing
countries, and more research is warranted to investigate these and
further strengthen the existing safe motherhood programmes to respond
to these conditions. This study aims at identifying the consequences of
pregnancy and delivery in the postpartum period, their association with
acute obstetric complications, the sociodemographic characteristics of
women, mode and place of delivery, nutritional status of the mother,
and outcomes of birth. From among women who delivered between 2007 and
2008 in the icddr,b service area in Matlab, we prospectively recruited
all women identified with complicated births (n=295); a perinatal
mortality (n=182); and caesarean-section delivery without any maternal
indication (n=147). A random sample of 538 women with uncomplicated
births, who delivered at home or in a facility, was taken as the
control. All subjects were clinically examined at 6-9 weeks for
postpartum morbidities and disabilities. Postpartum women who had
suffered obstetric complications during birth and delivered in a
hospital were more likely to suffer from hypertension [adjusted odds
ratio (AOR)=3.44; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.14-10.36],
haemorrhoids (AOR=1.73; 95% CI=1.11-3.09), and moderate to severe
anaemia (AOR=7.11; 95% CI=2.03- 4.88) than women with uncomplicated
normal deliveries. Yet, women who had complicated births were less
likely to have perineal tears (AOR=0.05; 95% CI=0.02-0.14) and genital
prolapse (AOR=0.22; 95% CI=0.06-0.76) than those with uncomplicated
normal deliveries. Genital infections were more common amongst women
experiencing a perinatal death than those with uncomplicated normal
births (AOR=1.92; 95% CI=1.18-3.14). Perineal tears were significantly
higher (AOR=3.53; 95% CI=2.32-5.37) among those who had delivery at
home than those giving birth in a hospital. Any woman may suffer a
postpartum morbidity or disability. The increased likelihood of having
hypertension, haemorrhoids, or anaemia among women with obstetric
complications at birth needs specific intervention. A higher quality of
maternal healthcare services generally might alleviate the suffering
from perineal tears and prolapse amongst those with a normal
uncomplicated delivery
Screening for cervical cancer (By VIA Test) among selected garments worker in Chattogram, Bangladesh
Background: Bangladesh is a densely populated country of South East Asia with low resource setting where cervical cancer is the 2nd leading cause of female cancer. In more than 80% cases are diagnosed at advanced and inoperable stage. Regarding socio demographic context of this country VIA has been introduced as a screening method for cervical cancer which is most simple, cost effective, and acceptable test for all women. In Bangladesh among 3 million garment workers more than 80% are women. The objective of this study was to identify prevalence of VIA positive cases among garment workers. So that it can reduce the incidence of cervical cancer in Bangladesh.
Methods: It was a cross–sectional observational study conducted in some selected garment factories in Chattogram city of Bangladesh from January 2021 to July 2021, where we enrolled 534 female workers for VIA test.
Results: Among all the respondents 56% were 30 years or younger, 38% were aged between 31 to 40 years. Among 534 participants, 44.9% completed primary education, 37.3% were smoker and 34.5% had their children at early age. Majority (86.7%) had excessive whitish discharge. Post coital bleeding and irregular bleeding was 2.6% and 2.2% respectively. Considering awareness, 61.8% had idea about cervical cancer, only 1.1% had undergone VIA test in the past. In our study we found 2.4% of participants were VIA positive cases.
Conclusions: It is important to include the garment workers, while making public health policies and implementation of cervical cancer control program
Safety and Immunogenicity Profile of Human Papillomavirus-16/18 AS04 Adjuvant Cervical Cancer Vaccine: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Healthy Adolescent Girls of Bangladesh
Squaring the Circle Reconciling the Need for Rigor with the Reality on the Ground in Resilience Impact Assessment
Currently shaping a large part of the development and humanitarian agenda the concept of resilience has been embraced by a large number of donors, development agencies, and international NGOs. As a consequence, an increasing number of development interventions that aim at strengthening the resilience of vulnerable households and communities are now being implemented across the globe. Along with these interventions, a growing and urgent call for rigorous monitoring and evaluation has emerged. Unfortunately, the very few resilience measurement frameworks that are available are often too “academics”, data-demanding, and therefore poorly adapted to the reality faced by practitioners on the ground. In this paper we develop a resilience impact assessment framework which addresses this challenge. Using an ex-post treatment vs. control approach, the framework satisfies the requirement for rigor that should be found in any proper impact assessment framework, but remains operational in the data- and resource-constrained situations which characterize most of the current interventions in the field. We illustrate the approach through the case of the Enhancing Resilience program that was implemented by the World Food Programme and its partners in Bangladesh during 2011–13
Occurrence and Determinants of Postpartum Maternal Morbidities and Disabilities among Women in Matlab, Bangladesh
The burden of maternal ill-health includes not only the levels of
maternal mortality and complications during pregnancy and around the
time of delivery but also extends to the standard postpartum period of
42 days with consequences of obstetric complications and poor
management at delivery. There is a dearth of reliable data on these
postpartum maternal morbidities and disabilities in developing
countries, and more research is warranted to investigate these and
further strengthen the existing safe motherhood programmes to respond
to these conditions. This study aims at identifying the consequences of
pregnancy and delivery in the postpartum period, their association with
acute obstetric complications, the sociodemographic characteristics of
women, mode and place of delivery, nutritional status of the mother,
and outcomes of birth. From among women who delivered between 2007 and
2008 in the icddr,b service area in Matlab, we prospectively recruited
all women identified with complicated births (n=295); a perinatal
mortality (n=182); and caesarean-section delivery without any maternal
indication (n=147). A random sample of 538 women with uncomplicated
births, who delivered at home or in a facility, was taken as the
control. All subjects were clinically examined at 6-9 weeks for
postpartum morbidities and disabilities. Postpartum women who had
suffered obstetric complications during birth and delivered in a
hospital were more likely to suffer from hypertension [adjusted odds
ratio (AOR)=3.44; 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.14-10.36],
haemorrhoids (AOR=1.73; 95% CI=1.11-3.09), and moderate to severe
anaemia (AOR=7.11; 95% CI=2.03- 4.88) than women with uncomplicated
normal deliveries. Yet, women who had complicated births were less
likely to have perineal tears (AOR=0.05; 95% CI=0.02-0.14) and genital
prolapse (AOR=0.22; 95% CI=0.06-0.76) than those with uncomplicated
normal deliveries. Genital infections were more common amongst women
experiencing a perinatal death than those with uncomplicated normal
births (AOR=1.92; 95% CI=1.18-3.14). Perineal tears were significantly
higher (AOR=3.53; 95% CI=2.32-5.37) among those who had delivery at
home than those giving birth in a hospital. Any woman may suffer a
postpartum morbidity or disability. The increased likelihood of having
hypertension, haemorrhoids, or anaemia among women with obstetric
complications at birth needs specific intervention. A higher quality of
maternal healthcare services generally might alleviate the suffering
from perineal tears and prolapse amongst those with a normal
uncomplicated delivery
Effects of phosphorus fertilization on hybrid varieties of mungbean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] in a salinity prone area of the subtropics
A field experiment was conducted comprising two varieties of mungbean, BARI
Mung-5 (V1) and BARI Mung-6 (V2), and five levels of phosphorus fertilizer:
triple super phosphate [Ca(H2PO4)] viz. T1 (control), T2 (42.5 kg P ha−1), T3
(85 kg P ha−1), T4 (127.5 kg P ha−1), and T5 (170 kg P ha−1). The experiment
was organized in a randomized complete block design with three replications.
V1 produced the highest number of pods per plant (7.65), whereas the maximum
1,000-seed weight (49 g) was produced by V2. The maximum plant height (30.89
cm), number of branches per plant (8.55), number of leaves per plant (19.05),
number of pods per plant (10.25), pod length (8.95 cm), number of seeds per
pod (9.11), 1,000-seed weight (48.17 g), and yield (1.05 t ha−1) were obtained
from the T4 treatment. The interaction of phosphorus levels and varieties had a
considerable effect on the growth, yield, and yield attributes of mungbean. The
highest number of leaves (20.44) and number of pods (10.39) were obtained from
V1 when 127.5 kg P ha−1 (T4) was applied, whereas the maximum number of
seeds per pod (9.25) and maximum pod length (9.09 cm) were obtained when
85 kg P ha−1 and 42.5 kg P ha−1, respectively, were used. The highest number
of branches per plant (8.87), 1,000-seed weight (52.83 g), and the maximum
seed yield (1.14 t ha−1) were achieved from the treatment V2T4 owing to the
interactive effect of phosphorus dose and mungbean variet