Effects of two synthetic pyrethroids on Arthrospira platensis Gomont growth and antioxidant parameters

The transport of pesticides from application areas to other areas results in pesticide contamination and this sort of contamination has led to unexpected environmental problems worldwide. It is important to determine the responses of phytoplanktonic organisms to these chemicals for an understanding of the effects of pesticides on aquatic ecosystems. In this study, Arthrospira platensis Gomont cyanobacteria were exposed to different concentrations of the pesticides cypermethrin (0-50 µg mL-1) and deltamethrin (0-2 µg mL-1). Changes in chlorophyll-a concentration, the absorbance of OD560, antioxidant parameters (SOD, APX, GR, MDA, H2O2, and proline) were determined under the pesticide exposure. Our results showed that there is a decrease in OD560 absorbance and chlorophyll-a content proportionate to the increase of pesticide levels. Superoxide dismutase enzyme activity decreased with Cyp and Dlm application in A. platensis cultures. Glutathione reductase enzyme activity also decreased with Cyp applications but did not change with Dlm application. Ascorbate peroxidase enzyme activity increased with Cyp treatments but did not change with Dlm applications. Although malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents did not change with Cyp applications, they increased with Dlm applications. Proline contents increased with Cyp applications but decreased with Dlm applications. In conclusion, deltamethrin is more toxic than cypermethrin in the concentrations applied

Variation of ADAMTS2 gene expression in hypoxic conditions in cancer cells

ADAMTS’ler (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteaz With Trombospondin Motifs; Trombospondin Motifli Matriks Metalloproteazlar) dokuların yeniden düzenlenmesi, matriks yapımı ve yıkımı gibi fizyolojik olaylarda rol aldığı gibi; kanser, kas-iskelet sistemi hastalıkları, enflamasyon, fibrozis gibi patolojik olaylarda da yer alır. ADAMTS ailesine ait 19 üye tanımlanmış ve birçok özelliğine göre gruplandırılmıştır. Bu gruplardan ADAMTS2, 3 ve 14 kollajen ADAMTS’leri oluşturur ve kollajen işlenmesinde görev alır. ADAMTS2’nin önemli özelliklerinden biri kollajenlerin amino uçlarının kesilip uzaklaştırılmasında görev alması yeni tespit edilen diğer bir fonksiyonu ise anti-anjiyogenik aktiviteye sahip olmasıdır. Hipoksik regülasyon hücresel düzeyde çok sayıda genin ifadesini etkileyen bir süreçtir. Hücrelerde meydana gelen hipoksiya ile başta HIF-1 olmak üzere birçok gen aktive olur. HIF-1 hücresel oksijen konsantrasyonundaki değişimleri algılayarak yanıt oluşturmadan sorumlu transkripsiyon faktörüdür. Çalışmamızda ilk kez ADAMTS2 geninin hipoksik regülasyonu çalışılmış ve farklı hücre hatlarında hipoksik koşullardaki değişimi mRNA seviyesinde tespit edilmiştir. Hipoksinin ADAMTS2 ifade düzeyi üzerindeki etkileri Saos-2, MG-63 (kemik karsinomu), PC-3, DU-145 (prostat karsinomu), MCF-7 (meme karsinomu), HT29, Colo-205 (kolon karsinomu), MKN-45 (gastrik karsinomu), Panc-1, Mia PaCa2 (pankreas karsinomu), K-562 (insan kronik myeloid lösemi hücresi) ve HUVEC (insan umblikal ven endotel hücresi) hücrelerinde değerlendirilmiştir. ADAMTS2’ nin en çok MG-63 kemik karsinomda ifade olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Mia PaCa-2 ve K-562 hücrelerinde ise tespit edilebilir düzeyde ekspre olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Kimyasal hipoksi modeli oluşturulmuş ve ADAMTS2 mRNA seviyesi farklı hücre hatlarında incelenmiştir. DU-145, PC-3, HT-29, MCF-7 ve Saos-2 hücre hatlarında mRNA düzeyinde ADAMTS2 seviyesinin hipoksiyada arttığı tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek hipoksik cevap Saos-2 ve MCF-7 hücrelerinde gözlenmiştir.ADAMTS (A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase with Trombospondin Motifs) is involved in pathological events such as cancer, fibrosis, musculoskeletal disorders, inflamation as well as physiological events such as tissue reorganization, matrix building and destruction. 19 members of the ADAMTS family have been identified and grouped according to many characteristics. The important features of ADAMTS2 is processing the amino ends of the collagen and also has an anti-angiogenic activity. Hypoxic regulation is a process that affects the expression of many genes at the cellular level. Hypoxia activates many genes, mainly HIF-1 transcription factor which is responsible for detecting changes in cellular oxygen concentration and for generating responses. For the first time, the hypoxic regulation of ADAMTS2 gene was studied and the variation in hypoxic conditions was determined at the mRNA level using different cell lines. We evaluated the effects of hypoxia in the expression level of ADAMTS2 in different cell lines namely; Saos-2, MG-63 (bone carcinoma), PC-3, DU-145 (prostate carcinoma), MCF-7 (breast carcinoma), HT29, Colo-205 (colon carcinoma), MKN-45 (gastric carcinoma), Panc-1, Mia PaCa-2 (pancreatic carcinoma), K-562 (chronic myeloid leukemia cell) and HUVEC (umbilical vein endothelial cell). We found the most expression level in MG-63. Mia PaCa-2 and K-562 cells were not expressed detectable level of ADAMTS2. A chemical hypoxic model was constructed and the level of ADAMTS2 mRNA was examined. It has been determined that ADAMTS2 mRNA level is increased in hypoxia in DU-145, PC-3, HT-29, MCF-7 and Saos-2 cells. The highest hypoxic response was observed in Saos-2 and MCF-7 cells

Oxidative stress in Arthrospira platensis by two organophosphate pesticides

Abstract Although it is known that organophosphate insecticides are harmfull to aquatic ecosystems, oxidative damages caused by Dimethoate and Chlorpyrifos are not studied on Arthrospira platensis Gomont. In this study, various Chlorpyrifos (0-150 µg mL-1) and Dimethoate (0-250 µg mL-1) concentrations were added to the culture medium in laboratory to evaulate growth rate, chlorophyll-a content and antioxidant parameters of A. platensis. Optical Density (OD560) and chlorophyll-a decreased compared to the control for seven days in both pesticide applications. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity increased at 50 µg mL-1 Chlorpyrifos concentration but it decreased at all concentrations. Although Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities increased with Chlorpyrifos application, they did not change with Dimethoate application. Malondialdehyde (MDA) amount decreased at 150 µg mL-1 Chlorpyrifos concentration but it increased in Dimethoate application. The H2O2 content were increased in both applications. Proline decreased in 50 and 75 µg mL-1 Chlorpyrifos concentrations and increased at 150 µg mL-1 concentration, while it increased at 25 µg mL-1 Dimethoate concentration. The results were tested at 0.05 significance level. These pesticides inhibit A. platensis growth and chlorophyll-a production and cause oxidative stress. The excessive use may affect the phytoplankton and have negative consequences in the aquatic ecosystem

IL-6 upregulates a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 2 (ADAMTS-2) in human osteosarcoma cells mediated by JNK pathway

WOS: 000338348700017PubMed: 24752352ADAMTS-2 and ADAMTS-3 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin type 1 motif 2) belong to the procollagen aminoproteinase subfamily of ADAMTS proteases. They play crucial roles in the collagen metabolism. To understand the regulation of ADAMTS-2 gene expression in osteoblastic cells, we have cloned a functional 760 bp of human ADAMTS-2 promoter. Sequence analysis of the ADAMTS-2 promoter region showed the absence of a TATA box, but identified a GC box, a CpG island, several GAGA boxes and several transcriptional factor binding sites, which may be valuable in the regulation of ADAMTS-2 transcription. We also elucidated that Interleukin 6 (IL-6) increases ADAMTS-2 and ADAMTS-3 mRNA and protein levels in different osteosarcoma cell lines namely, MG-63 and Saos-2. IL-6 also increases the transcriptional activation of the ADAMTS-2 gene promoter. Pathway inhibition studies revealed that ADAMTS-2 upregulation by IL-6 was mediated by JNK pathway.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [212T200]; Balikesir University Scientific Research Projects Unit (BAP) [2010/39]This work was supported mainly by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) (212T200) and partially by the Balikesir University Scientific Research Projects Unit (BAP) (2010/39)