Effect of adding photoprotective compounds in the diet of Palaemon macrodactylus and its role under ultraviolet radiation

During the past two decades, it has shown an increase in ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and particularly the UVB (280-315nm) above Earth's surface. There is some evidence that UV-B radiation (280-315 nm) and the shorter wavelengths of UV-A (315-400 nm) can significantly affect the biota in waters up to 20 m deep and have adverse on aquatic organisms such as damage in the genetic material and high mortality. It has been shown that many species of seaweeds synthesize and accumulate high concentrations of photoprotective compounds and may constitute an interesting alternative as a supplement in aquaculture feeds. In the present work the effects of UVR were studied in the animal model Palaemon macrodactylus which is a successful invader, known as the Oriental Shrimp, native to estuaries and coastal waters of the Northwest Pacific. In the south western Atlantic, the species was found in Mar del Plata harbour, Argentina, probably introduced from the Pacific with discharged ballast water The aim of this study was to determine the bioaccumulation of photoprotective compounds (PPC) from diets added with red seaweeds meal of the family Halymeneaceae on juvenile P. macrodactylus and its possible protective role under conditions of stress by UVR. Juveniles of P. macrodactylus collected from Mar del Plata harbour (38° 03′ S; 57° 31′ W) were placed in PVC tanks under controlled conditions of temperature, pH, and salinity, under two feeding treatments: one group with basal diet (B) (45% protein, 8% lipid, 7% water and 7% ash) and the other 2% diet added with red seaweed meal of the family Halymeneaceae (diet B2). After 15 days animals were subjected to two radiations in four treatments, by triplicate: a) Control PAR (400-700nm) and diet B b) PAR+ UVR (280-700nm) and diet B c) PAR and diet B2, d) PAR+ UVR and diet B2. Survival, percentage of weight gain, concentrations of PPC and carotenoids were determined. In treatment b mortality of 16% was recorded after 72 hours of exposition to UVR, while in those fed with the 2% added diet, the same mortality was observed after 120 h of exposure. Survival in the treatments (a, c) was 100%. At the end of the exposure radiation period, percentage of weight gain was higher in animals fed with diet B (77%) nevertheless concentration of PPC and carotenoids (determined as OD g tissue-1) recorded the highest values in the animals corresponding to treatment c (PPC: 1.9 ± 0.38 DO g-1; carotenoids: 0.48 ± 0.1 OD g-1). although there were no significant differences between other treatments. These results suggest that, a diet added with red seaweeds rich in photoprotective compounds constitutes and interesting alternative, not only for its contribution to a better physiological state of animals under stress conditions by UVR, but also for the particularity of being invasive species with potential commercial use

Carotenoids in Integument, Muscle, and Midgut Gland of Red Shrimp Pleoticus muelleri Bate, 1888 (Crustacea, Penaeoidea) Fed Carotenoid-Supplemented Diets

Carotenoids stimulate immune systems in animals. Since animals cannot synthesize carotenoids, they must be included in feeds. Oxidative pathways suggested for the metabolism of dietary carotenoids include β-carotene and astaxanthin. The objective of this study was to compare growth, survival, and the carotenoid profile in the integument, muscle, and midgut gland of juvenile red shrimp (Pleoticus muelleri) fed isoproteic formulated feeds containing astaxanthin or β-carotene. Juveniles (5.15±0.941 g) were fed one of four diets containing 50 or 100 mg/kg of the carotenoid. The control group was fed a diet without carotenoid supplementation. A spectroscopy UV/visible method produced no evidence supporting a possible influence of these pigments on growth or survival. However, there were significant statistical differences in carotenoids in the integument (carapace and epidermis) and muscle between animals fed the different diets. The integument had the highest carotenoid concentrations: 14.91±4.064 μg β-carotene, 7.47±1.252 μg free astaxanthin, and 18.31±5.40 μg esterified astaxanthin per gram tissue (avg of five treatments). Only β-carotene (1.74±0.161 μg/g tissue) was stored in the muscle. We conclude that, due to the high cost of artificial pigments, dietary carotenoid supplementation is not necessary for grow-out.Fil: Díaz, Ana Cristina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Marinas; ArgentinaFil: Velurtas, Susana María. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Marinas; ArgentinaFil: Fernandez Gimenez, Analia Veronica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Marinas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Mendiara, Sara Noemí. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Fenucci, Jorge Lino. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Marinas; Argentin

Alimentación de protozoeas del langostino Pleoticus muelleri Bate utilizando diferentes microencapsulados y especies de microalgas

El objetivo de este trabajo fue obtener una dieta que permita un rápido crecimiento y alta supervivencia del langostino Pleoticus muelleri durante el estadio de protozoea. Se utilizaron estanques parabólicos de PVC, de 10 litros, en condiciones controladas de temperatura, pH y salinidad; se sembraron en ellos los nauplii a una densidad de 100 por litro. Como alimento se probaron diferentes combinaciones de Chaetoceros gracilis, Tetraselmis chuii, Schizochytrium sp. deshidratada, y alimentos balanceados microencapsulados de diferente composición química proximal. El experimento se dio por finalizado al alcanzarse el estadio de mysis I. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos (88,5% de supervivencia, 399,6% de incremento en talla y 11 días de duración) la dieta más adecuada es una combinación de las microalgas Chaetoceros gracilis y Tetraselmis chuii en concentraciones de 100.000 cél mL-1 y 10.000 cél mL-1 respectivamente.Fil: Mallo, Juan Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Fenucci, Jorge Lino. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin

Comparison of dietary sterols on growth, survival and midgut gland histology of prawn Artemesia longinaris (Decapoda, Penaeidea)

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the growth, survival and midgut gland histological conditions of Argentine prawn Artemesia longinaris nourished with diets having different sterols. Juvenile individuals of 0.97-1.01 and 1.75g were fed five semi purified diets containing 2% cholesterol, ergosterol, stigmasterol or β-sitosterol and a control ration without sterols for a period of six weeks. The digestive gland of intermoult prawn were dissected out and processed for light microscope studies. Rations having cholesterol and stigmasterol were found to result in higher growth than the other diets. Also individuals fed these diets showed midgut gland tissues similar to those of wild animals. The histoarchitecture of the midgutgland of A. longinaris fed ergosterol, β-sitosterol and the control diet were found to result in several alterations such as dismissing of cellular high, loss of the star–shaped lumen of the tubules, retraction of basal membranes and absence of brush border, haemocytic infiltration, cells with foamy appearance, cellular necrosis and hypertrophy and finally tissue disorganization. The results obtained suggest that addition of cholesterol or stigmasterol to feeds for this species, promotes an increase in weight and the hepatopancreas shows typical histological structure like wild prawns.Fil: Haran, Nora Selma. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Marinas; ArgentinaFil: Díaz, Ana Cristina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Marinas; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Fenucci, Jorge Lino. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Marinas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

A review on the status of protein nutrition of Argentine penaeoid shrimp: Comparison and contrasts within the Penaeidae

Protein is the major and the most expensive ingredient in shrimp feeds, as well as a growth limiting nutrient. This paper reviews the results of investigations designed to understand the protein nutrition in the most abundant penaeoid species in the Argentine Sea, Pleoticus muelleri Bate, 1888 and Artemesia longinaris Bate, 1888. One of the main obstacles to culture these species is the inadequate knowledge of their nutritional requirements. The present review focuses on applied nutrition of protein, protein sources in feed, and apparent digestibility. Also considered are digestive proteinase activity in relation to developmental stages and molting cycle, amino acid requirements, and optimal protein levels measured by growth responses. These results are compared with those obtained for other penaeoid species. This review provides a better understanding of feeding preferences and the formulation of suitable feeds for shrimp, which is essential to optimize the use of ingredients and reduce feed costs.Pleoticus muelleri Bate, 1888 and Artemesia longinaris Bate, 1888. One of the main obstacles to culture these species is the inadequate knowledge of their nutritional requirements. The present review focuses on applied nutrition of protein, protein sources in feed, and apparent digestibility. Also considered are digestive proteinase activity in relation to developmental stages and molting cycle, amino acid requirements, and optimal protein levels measured by growth responses. These results are compared with those obtained for other penaeoid species. This review provides a better understanding of feeding preferences and the formulation of suitable feeds for shrimp, which is essential to optimize the use of ingredients and reduce feed costs.Fil: Fenucci, Jorge Lino. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Díaz, Ana Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Acien Fernandez, Francisco Gabriel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin

UV radiation effects and bioaccumulation of UV-absorbing compounds in Artemia persimilis larvae

The aims of this study were to determine if larvae of Artemia persimilis (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) can bioaccumulate ultraviolet radiation (UVR) absorbing compounds like mycosporine-like aminoacids (MAAs) through the diet and the probable protective role of this compounds on larvae of shrimp. Metanauplii II-metanauplii VII of Artemia were feeding with microalgae to produce UV absorbing compounds like Thalassiosira fluviatilis and Chaetoceros gracilis previously irradiated with UVR. Additionally, were studied if this irradiation affects their ingestion rate, survival and growth. Microalgae grown in F/2 media during 20 days in semi-continuous cultures, under two radiation treatments: 1) PAR (400-700nm): with an average irradiance of 300 μmol quanta m-2 s-1 for photosynthetically active radiation and 2) UVR+PAR (280-700 nm): with an average irradiance of 300 μmol quanta m-2 s-1 for PAR plus an average irradiance of 20 W m-2 simulating natural conditions. Only for those specimens fed with UVR-irradiated algae, a peak of absorption (334 nm ~ 0.13 OD/n) in the UVR range was observed. There were no significant differences in Ingestion rate (192 ±10 and 176±7 µL ind-1 h-1) and growth (400 y 370 %) between no irradiated and UV-irradiated treatment, respectively. After exposition to UVR stress for 48 hours those individuals fed PAR-treated algae showed mortality rates ~50 %; whereas those fed UVR-irradiated algae present survival rates ~90%. The results implies that larval stages of A. persimilis can bioaccumulate UV-absorbing compounds through their diets, supporting the idea that this compounds plays an important role by protecting against UVR stress.Fil: Marcoval, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Díaz, Ana Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Pisani, Emiliano. Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones y Desarrollo Pesquero; ArgentinaFil: Fenucci, Jorge Lino. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin

Effect of dietary carotenoids on Argentine red shrimp broodstock

Use of bioactive substances, such as nutritional additives, to improve the yields of cultured shrimp is a topic that has received increasing attention to define the biological function of carotenoids as a dietary supplement. Carotenes play an important role in organism health by acting as biological antioxidants, avoiding deterioration of cells and tissues. In crustaceans, they stimulate the immune system, serve as a source of vitamin A, increase resistance to diseases and enhance the rate of reproduction, weight gain and survival.Fil: Fenucci, Jorge Lino. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Pisani, Emiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Díaz, Ana Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Velurtas, Susana María. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencia Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin

The effect of Vitamin E on growth, survival and hepatopancreas structure of the Argentine red shrimp Pleoticus muelleri Bate (Crustacea, Penaeidae)

Two trials were conducted to evaluate the growth, survival and hepatopancreas histology of the Argentine red shrimp Pleoticus muelleri (Bate, 1888) fed different levels of vitamin E and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) in a semipurified diet. The diets contained 0, 100, 600 or 1500 mg vitamin E kg−1 and 16 mg BHT kg−1 diet (trial 1) and 0, 1250, 1500, 1750 or 2000 mg vitamin E kg−1 diet, squid mantle and vitamin-free diet as a control (trial 2). After 30 days (trial 1), survival ranged between 43% and 64%, and the percentage weight gain of the shrimp varied from 22% to 31% with no significant differences among treatments (P<0.05). After 40 days (trial 2), survival of shrimp fed the diet with no vitamin E and squid mantle was significantly lower (62%) than the other treatment (86–90%). Shrimp fed diets containing vitamin E from 1250 to 1750 mg kg−1 exhibited increased weight gain (34–65%); however, a significant difference was observed for shrimp fed the diet containing 2000 mg kg−1. Histological results yielded differences among treatments. In shrimp fed 1750 mg kg−1 of vitamin E, the functional morphology of the organ was normal, with abundant secretion in the tubules. Signs of malnourishment such as cellular and nuclear retraction, desquamation of cells and hipertrofia, were evident in the hepatopancreas of shrimp fed the other diets. The results indicate that optimal vitamin E requirement for P. muelleri under the present experimental conditions appears to be approximately 1750 mg vitamin E kg−1 diet.Fil: Fernandez Gimenez, Analia Veronica. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Marinas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fenucci, Jorge Lino. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Marinas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Petriella, Ana Maria del Carmen. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ciencias Marinas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

Dietary bioaccumulation of UV-absorbing compounds, and post-ingestive fitness in larval planktotrophic crustaceans from coastal SW Atlantic

Increased ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a major environmental stressor for marine organisms. The response of planktotrophic larvae of holo- and meroplanktonic crustaceans fed dietary algae grown under different light regimes and contents of UV-absorbing compounds (UACs), was experimentally evaluated. Paracalanus parvus copepodites and Cyrtograpsus angulatus zoeae were fed diatoms grown under two radiation treatments: PAR (400–700 nm, produced by 40 W cool-white fluorescent bulbs) and PAR + UVR (280–700 nm; adding Q-Pannel UV-A-340 lamps to PAR fluorescent bulbs). An absorption peak at 337 nm (UVR range) was observed only for larvae fed UVR-irradiated diatoms. After 144 h of ad libitum feeding, larvae were exposed to UVR for 24 h. Mortality rates were ~80% in individuals fed PAR-reared microalgae, and ~10% for those fed UV-irradiated microalgae. Results point to the importance of UACs conferring some tolerance to planktotrophic larvae under increased environmental UVR stress. Yet, acquired tolerance is differential among larvae, with implications for zooplankton ecology.Fil: Marcoval, Maria Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; ArgentinaFil: Pan, Jeronimo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas. Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario; ArgentinaFil: Díaz, Ana Cristina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentina. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comisión de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Fenucci, Jorge Lino. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Mar del Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras. Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras; Argentin