1,503 research outputs found
Probing photoinduced spin states in spin-crossover molecules with neutron scattering
We report a neutron scattering investigation of the spin crossover compound \rm [Fe(ptz)6](BF4)2 which undergoes an abrupt thermal spin-transition from high-spin (HS) S=2 to low-spin (LS) S=0 around 135 K. The HS magnetic state can be restored at low temperature under blue/green light irradiation. We have developed a specially designed optical setup for neutron scattering to address the magnetic properties of the light-induced HS state. By using neutron diffraction, we demonstrate that significant HS/LS ratios (of up to 60 \%) can be obtained with this experimental setup on a sample volume considered large (400 mg), while a complete recovery of the LS state is achieved using near infrared light. With inelastic neutron scattering (INS) we have observed, for the first time in a photo-induced phase, magnetic transitions arising from the metastable HS S=2 state split by crystal field and spin-orbit coupling. We interpret the INS data assuming a spin-only model with a zero-field splitting (ZFS) of the S=2 ground state. The obtained parameters are D \approx -1.28 \pm 0.03 meV and |E| \approx 0.08 \pm 0.03 meV. The present results show that in situ magnetic inelastic neutron scattering investigations on a broad range of photomagnetic materials are now possible
Representations of people in Urban Building Energy Models
Occupant behaviour is commonly acknowledged as a key
driver for variation in building energy performance
(Gaetani et al., 2016). ASHRAE (2009) notes it as an
important factor in the significant discrepancy between
proposed building performance and actual energy
consumption. A large body of literature exists dedicated
to exploring energy behaviours and the need for more
holistic considerations of energy behaviours, but this has
not been connected to occupant modelling in Urban
Building Energy Models (UBEMs). This paper develops
a framework to identify and classify representations of
people in UBEMs by reviewing and connecting the
behaviour change and UBEM literatures. Combined with
the classification of the approaches of people’s
representation, we show that schedule-based models
perform better although it cannot provide a full
explanation of energy practices. While agent-based
approaches offer the potential to incorporate the more
holistic approaches called for by Kierstead (2006) the
computational burdens which result may be excessive at
the urban scale. The main framework developed can
provide simulation practitioners with insights into energy
behaviours
AMPTE/CCE‐SCATHA simultaneous observations of substorm‐associated magnetic fluctuations
This study examines substorm-associated magnetic field fluctuations observed by the AMPTE/CCE and SCATHA satellites in the near-Earth tail. Three tail reconfiguration events are selected, one event on August 28, 1986, and two consecutive events on August 30, 1986. The fractal analysis was applied to magnetic field measurements of each satellite. The result indicates that (1) the amplitude of the fluctuation of the north-south magnetic component is larger, though not overwhelmingly, than the amplitudes of the other two components and (2) the magnetic fluctuations do have a characteristic timescale, which is several times the proton gyroperiod. In the examined events the satellite separation was less than 10 times the proton gyroradius. Nevertheless, the comparison between the AMPTE/CCE and SCATHA observations indicates that (3) there was a noticeable time delay between the onsets of the magnetic fluctuations at the two satellite positions, which is too long to ascribe to the propagation of a fast magnetosonic wave, and (4) the coherence of the magnetic fluctuations was low in the August 28, 1986, event and the fluctuations had different characteristic timescales in the first event of August 30, 1986, whereas some similarities can be found for the second event of August 30, 1986. Result 1 indicates that perturbation electric currents associated with the magnetic fluctuations tend to flow parallel to the tail current sheet and are presumably related to the reduction of the tail current intensity. Results 2 and 3 suggest that the excitation of the magnetic fluctuations and therefore the trigger of the tail current disruption is a kinetic process in which ions play an important role. It is inferred from results 3 and 4 that the characteristic spatial scale of the associated instability is of the order of the proton gyroradius or even shorter, and therefore the tail current disruption is described as a system of chaotic filamentary electric currents. However, result 4 suggests that the nature of the tail current disruption can vary from event to event
Spin Ice, Fractionalization and Topological Order
The spin ice compounds {\dys} and {\holm} are highly unusual magnets which
epitomize a set of concepts of great interest in modern condensed matter
physics: their low-energy physics exhibits an emergent gauge field and their
excitations are magnetic monopoles which arise from the fractionalization of
the microscopic magnetic spin degrees of freedom. In this review, we provide an
elementary introduction to these concepts and we survey the thermodynamics,
statics and dynamics---in and out of equilibrium---of spin ice from these
vantage points. Along the way, we touch on topics such as emergent Coulomb
plasmas, observable "Dirac strings", and irrational charges. We close with the
outlook for these unique materials.Comment: (15 pages, 9 figures) see
http://www.annualreviews.org/doi/abs/10.1146/annurev-conmatphys-020911-125058
for the published versio
Simulations of inner magnetosphere dynamics with an expanded RAM-SCB model and comparisons with Van Allen Probes observations
Abstract Simulations from our newly expanded ring current-atmosphere interactions model with self-consistent magnetic field (RAM-SCB), now valid out to 9 R E, are compared for the first time with Van Allen Probes observations. The expanded model reproduces the storm time ring current buildup due to the increased convection and inflow of plasma from the magnetotail. It matches Magnetic Electron Ion Spectrometer (MagEIS) observations of the trapped high-energy (\u3e50 keV) ion flux; however, it underestimates the low-energy (\u3c10 keV) Helium, Oxygen, Proton, and Electron (HOPE) observations. The dispersed injections of ring current ions observed with the Energetic particle, Composition, and Thermal plasma (ECT) suite at high (\u3e20 keV) energy are better reproduced using a high-resolution convection model. In agreement with Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) observations, RAM-SCB indicates that the large-scale magnetic field is depressed as close as ∼4.5 RE during even a moderate storm. Regions of electromagnetic ion cyclotron instability are predicted on the duskside from ∼6 to ∼9 RE, indicating that previous studies confined to geosynchronous orbit may have underestimated their scattering effect on the energetic particles. Key Points Expanded RAM-SCB model reproduces well high-energy (\u3e50 keV) MagEIS observations The magnetic field is depressed as close as ∼4.5 RE during even a moderate storm EMIC wave growth extends on duskside from ∼6 to ∼9 RE during storm main phase
Reply to comment on “MeV magnetosheath ions energized at the bow shock” by J. Chen, TA Fritz, and RB Sheldon
Cambernon – 745e Bataillon de chars
Une équipe d’enquête de la Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) a visité un carrefour à l’est de Cambernon du 4 au 5 septembre 2016, pour évaluer les pertes de trois chars du 745e Bataillon de chars près de cet endroit en août 1944. L’équipe a découvert en surface une grande quantité de débris d’acier fondu et d’articles assortis de la Seconde Guerre mondiale (douilles vides, boutons et boucles, boîtier de montre délivré par l’armée). Les rapports du 745e Bataillon de chars après la batai..
Energetic magnetosheath ions connected to the Earth\u27s bow shock: Possible source of cusp energetic ions
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