Penerapan Strategi Pembelajaran Inkuiri Dipadukan Media Audio Visual Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembelajaran Biologi Siswa Kelas VII D SMP N 1 Jaten

– The aim of this research is improve quality of biology learning for conditioning class, student attitude in class, the performance of teacher and student motivation of learning in student class VII-D 1st Junior High School Of Jaten through the application of strategies for inquiry learning combined audio visual media. This research was classroom action research with planning, action, observation, and reflection steps. Data was collected using questionnaire, observation, and interview. The validation of data using method and observer triangulation techniques. The data analyzed by descriptive. The result in cycles I describes that mean of observation data in conditioning class indicators are 70,20%, students\u27 attitudes in class are 62,77%, performance of teachers in the learning are 80% and students motivation in learning are 68,18%. For the questionnaire, observation data in conditioning class indicators are 74,53%, students\u27 attitudes in class are 74,13%, and students motivation in learning are 74,38%. The result in cycles II describes that mean of observation data in conditioning class indicators are 80,81%, students\u27 attitudes in class are 80.09%, performance of teachers in the learning are 96,67% and student motivation in learning are 83,71%. For the questionnaire, observation data in conditioning class indicators are 83,87%, students\u27 attitudes in class are 82,49%, and students motivation in learning are 79,43%. In addition, this research also uses interview to know effect of research in quality of biology learning. The result of interview shows that students\u27 attitudes more positive, students motivation more increase and classroom climate more conducive on learning activities. The conclusion of research describes that the combination of audio visual media in inquiry learning strategies can improve quality of biology learning for conditioning class, students\u27 attitudes, performance of teachers in the learning and motivation of learning in student class VII-D in 1st junior high school of jaten

Implementasi Algoritma K-Nearest Neighbour Untuk Menentukan Nomor Klasifikasi Buku Studi Kasus: Perpustakaan Universitas Katolik Musi Charitas)

Classification of library books is important to allow visitors in search of a book. The classification system in the library of the Catholic University of Charity Musi using guide books dewey decimal classification (DDC). The problem in this research is the difficulty in determining the classification number of new books. By utilizing the methods of Information Retrieval (IR) or retrieval of information, so in this study will build an application program for classification of library books. The method will be used to classify the book library is a method of k-nearest neighbor (k-NN). The application program classification of library books is built with training data from library books Musi-Caritas Catholic University and the test data is a new book. Applications are made capable of classifying new library book

Spectrally Matched Duplexed Nucleic Acid Bioassay Using Two-Colors from a Single Form of Upconversion Nanoparticle

Optical sensing can provide opportunity for simultaneous determination of multiple targets as well as for implementation of ratiometric methods that can improve accuracy and precision. Herein we report a paper-based two-color oligonucleotide detection assay with tunable sensitivity that is based on use of a single type of upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP). Water-soluble UCNPs were designed to concurrently offer green and red emission. These avidin functionalized UCNPs were adsorbed onto a cellulose support, and Cy3 was used as a green channel acceptor for Survival Motor Neuron (SMN1) target, and Cy5.5 was the red channel acceptor for the glucuronidase gene (uidA) target. Selective DNA hybridization of the labeled targets with the corresponding probe provided emission from dyes, which was the basis for concurrent quantification of both targets. The limit of detection (LOD) could be tuned by changing the relative ratio of the SMN1 and uidA probes. A higher proportion of a probe provided for a lower LOD. When the SMN1/uidA probe ratio was 1:4, the LOD for SMN1 and uidA target were 54.3 and 30.5 fmol, and when the probe ratio was 4:1, the LOD for the above targets were 22.1 and 1260 fmol, respectively. Selectivity evaluation showed that one base pair mismatched DNA for SMN1 and uidA could be discriminated in most cases. The assay showed resistance to nonspecific adsorption of interfering DNA and protein and was even functional for targets in undiluted serum. This work represents a significant step in the development of paper-based multiplexed UCNP luminescence assays

Structure and Ultrasonic Sensitivity of the Superparticles Formed by Self-Assembly of Single Chain Janus Nanoparticles

Single chain Janus nanoparticles (SCJNPs) (tadpole-like Janus nanoparticles) with a PEO (poly­(ethylene oxide)) chain as the “tail” and a cross-linked PCEMA (poly­(2-cinnamoyloxyethyl methacrylate)) chain as the “head” were synthesized conveniently and efficiently by directly photo-cross-linking PCEMA block of PEO-<i>b</i>-PCEMA diblock copolymer in the common solvent DMF; intramolecular cross-linking occurred dominantly at a relatively high concentration of the copolymer when the cross-linking speed is relatively low, leading to SCJNPs. In selective solvent for the “tails”, the rigid “heads” aggregated into superparticles. It is significant that under a gentle ultrasonic treatment (40 kHz for 10 min) the spherical superparticles formed in DMF/ethanol (1/4, v/v) dissociated into individual SCJNPs. It is also demonstrated that even in pure water in which the superparticles have a more closely aggregated structure, there are still hydrophilic channels within the superparticles connecting the surrounding medium and the inside of the superparticles, which allows rapid transport of hydrophilic small molecules within the superparticles, as demonstrated by the fast acid quench of fluorescence of the encapsulated ANS (8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate). These features should make the superparticles promising in the applications as templates for biomimetic mineralization, highly efficient microreactors for interfacial chemical reactions, and ultrasound responsive nanovehicles for controlled drug release

Metal-Free Tandem Friedel–Crafts/Lactonization Reaction to Benzofuranones Bearing a Quaternary Center at C3 Position

A metal-free tandem Friedel–Crafts/lactonization reaction to 3,3-diaryl or 3-alkyl-3-aryl benzofuranones catalyzed by HClO₄ was reported. A variety of tertiary α-hydroxy acid esters could readily react with substituted phenols to afford the desired products in rich diversity. The synthetic utility of the products was demonstrated by the synthesis of polycyclic compounds. ¹H NMR studies supported that this tandem reaction proceeded via tandem Friedel–Crafts/lactonization sequence

Ultraviolet Light-Induced Surface-Initiated Atom-Transfer Radical Polymerization

UV light-induced surface-initiated atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) was reported. This method uses TiO₂ nanoparticles as photoactive materials to reduce Cu­(II)/L to a Cu­(I)/L complex under UV irradiation by a one-electron transfer process for ATRP with multiple usage of monomer solutions. The growth of polymer brushes can be manipulated by either varying the content of photoactive materials or regulating the irradiation intensity, thereby yielding polymer brushes with controllable thickness, composition, and architecture

Coupled Mutations-Enabled Glycerol Transportation in an Aquaporin Z Mutant

Aquaporins are transmembrane channel proteins with key function being transportation of water or other small substrates. Escherichia coli Aqp Z transports water molecules only, whereas Glp F is permeable to glycerol. It is intriguing to explore the possibility to induce glycerol permeability in Aqp Z by targeted mutations. The Aqp Z mutants with mutated selectivity filter (SF) residues exhibit poor permeability for both glycerol and water. For addressing the complexity of protein systems, pair correlation information in protein sequence analyses is instructive to identify residues that are coupled by coevolution and motion. In this study, we analyze the correlation between residues and unravel the clustering patterns of coupled residues, beyond SF residues, in aquaglyceroporins (AQGPs). The identified coupled motifs are proposed to be sequenced into aquaporin (Aqp Z) to introduce glycerol permeability. These residues are located in the vicinity of SF region, C-loop, and M6–M7 linkage domain. Significant enlargement of SF pore size of the proposed Aqp Z mutant is observed by an all-atom replica exchange molecular dynamics simulation, which is critical to facilitate considerable glycerol passage as characterized in calculated free-energy landscapes. Clearly, the hidden connections among residues play crucial roles in water/glycerol selectivity. In contrast, single-site mutation-based scheme may even lead to undesirable effects in AQGPs, such as the blocking of water transportation by aromatic π-stacked gate. As demonstrated in this work, the pair correlation analysis guided rational mutagenesis provides a feasible strategy to modulate proteins’ functions

Charged Polymer Brushes-Grafted Hollow Silica Nanoparticles as a Novel Promising Material for Simultaneous Joint Lubrication and Treatment

The fabrication of core/shell charged polymer brushes-grafted hollow silica nanoparticles (PSPMA-<i>g</i>-HSNPs) is reported. Because of the excellent hydration capability of the shells consisting of charged polymer brushes, the functional nanoparticles can achieve a good lubricating effect in aqueous media via hydration lubrication mechanism. The mesoporous hollow silica cores endow the nanoparticles with drug loading–release capability. Aspirin, as a useful drug for treating arthritis, was employed to carry out in vitro drug loading and release studies. It is clear that brushes-modified hollow silica exhibited long-term drug release performance. The combination of lubrication and drug loading capabilities results in the great clinical potential of new multifunctional nanoparticles as injectable joint lubricant fluid in arthritis treatment

Recycle Waste Salt as Reagent: A One-Pot Substitution/Krapcho Reaction Sequence to α‑Fluorinated Esters and Sulfones

A “one-pot” tandem substitution/Krapcho reaction is reported for the facile synthesis of α-fluorinated esters and sulfones, which utilizes the byproduct salt formed in the substitution step as an indispensible reagent to facilitate the Krapcho reaction step. This represents the first sustainable tandem reaction that internally recycles the waste salt formed in the upstream step as the reagent for the downstream step

Dramatically Tuning Friction Using Responsive Polyelectrolyte Brushes

We present a paradigm that dramatically tunes friction from superior lubrication (μ ∼ 10^–3) to ultrahigh friction (μ > 1) using responsive polyelectrolyte brushes. The tunable friction is based on counterion-driven interactions in polyelectrolyte brushes that can be simply achieved by exchanging the counterions. We systematically investigated the effects of opposite counterions of different types on the friction properties of polyanionic, polycationic, and polyzwitterionic brushes. For cationic brushes with quaternary ammonium groups, the friction coefficient was progressively tuned from ∼10^–3 to ∼10⁰ according to the counterions series Cl^– < ClO₄^– < PF₆^– < TFSI^–. The friction of anionic brushes can be tuned by oppositely charged surfactants (tetraalkylammonium) with different length of hydrophobic tails, multivalent metal ions, and protons. The friction increase of cationic brushes is due to the dehydration and the collapse of polyelectrolyte chains induced by ion-pairing interactions. For anionic brushes, the friction increased with the length of hydrophobic tails of surfactants, which resulted from hydrophobicity induced electrostatic interaction among surfactants and polymer chains. The anionic brushes with the carboxylate and the sulfonate side groups revealed different friction responses, which is owing to the carboxylate groups getting stronger specific interaction with the quaternary ammonium and thus with the multivalent metal ions as well. The mechanism of tuning friction was finally concluded; that is, highly hydrated and swelling polymer brushes show superior lubrication, partially collapsed polymer chains have moderate lubrication, and completely dehydrated and collapsed conformation loses lubricating capability