A Novel Index Portefolio Model by Minimizing the Absolute Tracking Error -- Empirical Stusies in the Taiwan Stock Market

The index portfolio model attempts to form a portfolio whose time series in the market can trace the selected index as much as possible. The traditional index portfolio model, estimated coefficients models proposed by Salkin, established the portfolio by minimizing the square tracking error. In this paper, a novel index portfolio model formed by minimizing the absolute tracking error is proposed. In addition to preserving the characteristics of Salkin’s model, the proposed model can guarantee obtaining the global optimum solution and, in contrast to Salkin’s model, it can avoid the effect of the extreme value, which Salkin’s model may not. Also in contrast to the traditional model, the proposed one is a linear programming model and can then include practical constraints in the models, including the transaction cost constraints and limited stock catalog constraints. How the improved models address these constraints would be discussed as well. Moreover, different empirical studies in the Taiwan Stock Market are provided to demonstrate the proposed model’s effectivenes

A Checkpoint-Related Function of the MCM Replicative Helicase Is Required to Avert Accumulation of RNA:DNA Hybrids during S-phase and Ensuing DSBs during G2/M

The Mcm2-7 complex is the catalytic core of the eukaryotic replicative helicase. Here, we identify a new role for this complex in maintaining genome integrity. Using both genetic and cytological approaches, we find that a specific mcm allele (mcm2DENQ) causes elevated genome instability that correlates with the appearance of numerous DNA-damage associated foci of γH2AX and Rad52. We further find that the triggering events for this genome instability are elevated levels of RNA:DNA hybrids and an altered DNA topological state, as over-expression of either RNaseH (an enzyme specific for degradation of RNA in RNA:DNA hybrids) or Topoisomerase 1 (an enzyme that relieves DNA supercoiling) can suppress the mcm2DENQ DNA-damage phenotype. Moreover, the observed DNA damage has several additional unusual properties, in that DNA damage foci appear only after S-phase, in G2/M, and are dependent upon progression into metaphase. In addition, we show that the resultant DNA damage is not due to spontaneous S-phase fork collapse. In total, these unusual mcm2DENQ phenotypes are markedly similar to those of a special previously-studied allele of the checkpoint sensor kinase ATR/MEC1, suggesting a possible regulatory interplay between Mcm2-7 and ATR during unchallenged growth. As RNA:DNA hybrids primarily result from transcription perturbations, we suggest that surveillance-mediated modulation of the Mcm2-7 activity plays an important role in preventing catastrophic conflicts between replication forks and transcription complexes. Possible relationships among these effects and the recently discovered role of Mcm2-7 in the DNA replication checkpoint induced by HU treatment are discussed

Deletion of the autoregulatory insert modulates intraprotein electron transfer in rat neuronal nitric oxide synthase

AbstractComparative CO photolysis kinetics studies on wild-type and autoregulatory (AR) insert-deletion mutant of rat nNOS holoenzyme were conducted to directly investigate the role of the unique AR insert in the catalytically significant FMN–heme intraprotein electron transfer (IET). Although the amplitude of the IET kinetic traces was decreased two- to three-fold, the AR deletion did not change the rate constant for the calmodulin-controlled IET. This suggests that the rate-limiting conversion of the electron-accepting state to a new electron-donating (output) state does not involve interactions with the AR insert, but that AR may stabilize the output state once it is formed

Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in free-ranging white-tailed deer in the United States

SARS-CoV-2 is a zoonotic virus with documented bi-directional transmission between people and animals. Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) poses a unique public health risk due to the potential for reservoir establishment where variantsmay persist and evolve. We collected 8,830 respiratory samples from free-ranging white-tailed deer across Washington, D.C. and 26 states in the United States between November 2021 and April 2022. We obtained 391 sequences and identified 34 Pango lineages including the Alpha, Gamma, Delta, and Omicron variants. Evolutionary analyses showed these white-tailed deer viruses originated fromat least 109 independent spillovers fromhumans,which resulted in 39 cases of subsequent local deer-to-deer transmission and three cases of potential spillover from white-tailed deer back to humans. Viruses repeatedly adapted to white-tailed deer with recurring amino acid substitutions across spike and other proteins. Overall, our findings suggest that multiple SARS-CoV- 2 lineages were introduced, became enzootic, and co-circulated in whitetailed deer

Five-year impact of different multi-year mass drug administration strategies on childhood Schistosoma mansoni-associated morbidity:A combined analysis from the schistosomiasis consortium for operational research and evaluation cohort studies in the Lake Victoria Regions of Kenya and Tanzania

The WHO recommends mass treatment with praziquantel as the primary approach for; Schistosoma mansoni; -related morbidity control in endemic populations. The Schistosomiasis Consortium for Operational Research and Evaluation implemented multi-country, cluster-randomized trials to compare effectiveness of community-wide and school-based treatment (SBT) regimens on prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis. To assess the impact of two different treatment schedules on; S. mansoni; -associated morbidity in children, cohort studies were nested within the randomized trials conducted in villages in Kenya and Tanzania having baseline prevalence ≥ 25%. Children aged 7-8 years were enrolled at baseline and followed to ages 11-12 years. Infection intensity and odds of infection were reduced both in villages receiving four years of annual community-wide treatment (CWT) and those who received biennial SBT over 4 years. These regimens were also associated with reduced odds of undernutrition and reduced odds of portal vein dilation at follow-up. However, neither hemoglobin levels nor the prevalence of the rare abnormal pattern C liver scores on ultrasound improved. For the combined cohorts, growth stunting worsened in the areas receiving biennial SBT, and maximal oxygen uptake as estimated by fitness testing scores declined under both regimens. After adjusting for imbalance in starting prevalence between study arms, children in villages receiving annual CWT had significantly greater decreases in infection prevalence and intensity than those villages receiving biennial SBT. Although health-related quality-of-life scores improved in both study arms, children in the CWT villages gained significantly more. We conclude that programs using annual CWT are likely to achieve better overall; S. mansoni; morbidity control than those implementing only biennial SBT

The Reproducibility of Lists of Differentially Expressed Genes in Microarray Studies

Reproducibility is a fundamental requirement in scientific experiments and clinical contexts. Recent publications raise concerns about the reliability of microarray technology because of the apparent lack of agreement between lists of differentially expressed genes (DEGs). In this study we demonstrate that (1) such discordance may stem from ranking and selecting DEGs solely by statistical significance (P) derived from widely used simple t-tests; (2) when fold change (FC) is used as the ranking criterion, the lists become much more reproducible, especially when fewer genes are selected; and (3) the instability of short DEG lists based on P cutoffs is an expected mathematical consequence of the high variability of the t-values. We recommend the use of FC ranking plus a non-stringent P cutoff as a baseline practice in order to generate more reproducible DEG lists. The FC criterion enhances reproducibility while the P criterion balances sensitivity and specificity

Mobile Cloud-Based Blood Pressure Healthcare for Education

Mercury, pneumatic, and electronic sphygmomanometers were widely used for traditional blood pressure (BP) measurement. Cloud BP database, and mobile information and communication technology (MICT) do not integrate to these BP measurement methods. Pen and papers were employed to record BP values for nurses and physicians, and recording errors are possible to occur. In the chapter, the cloud-based BP platform solution and advanced wireless hospital BP measurement technologies were studied. These cloud-based BT measurement technologies were used as teaching aids to train students of electrical and nursing fields for mobile BP healthcare and health promotion education, and hence interdisciplinary teaching and learning were conducted. The teachers include professors of electrical and nursing fields, physicians, hospital nurses, and the engineer and health management experts of Microlife. The interdisciplinary teaching and learning of mobile BP healthcare and health promotion for smart aging were conducted in the Department of Nursing Division, Chang Cung Memorial Hospital, Keelung Branch, Department of Nursing Ching Kuo Institute of Management and Health, School of Nursing Chung Shan Medical University, and Department of Electrical Engineering, National Taiwan Ocean University. The students of electrical and nursing fields participated for joint interdisciplinary learning. The concepts of interdisciplinary mobile BP healthcare learning and teaching involve nursing and technology, healthy aging, BP health care for smart aging, telenursing, BP care for smart aging, community/home telecare, and MICT. The objective of teaching and learning is training the design and making electrical engineers to understand BP healthcare and health promotion, and nurses to understand mobile BP healthcare and health promotion system for smart aging

Measurement report: comparison of wintertime individual particles at ground level and above the mixed layer in urban Beijing

Beijing has been suffering from frequent severe air pollution events, with concentrations affected significantly by the mixed-layer height. Major efforts have been made to study the physico-chemical properties, compositions, and sources of aerosol particles at ground level. However, little is known about the morphology, elemental composition, and mixing state of aerosol particles above the mixed layer. In this work, we collected individual aerosol particles simultaneously at ground level (2 m above ground) and above the mixed layer in urban Beijing (within the Atmospheric Pollution and Human Health in a Chinese Megacity, APHH-Beijing, 2016 winter campaign). The particles were analyzed offline by transmission electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Our results showed that the relative number contribution of mineral particles to all measured particles was much higher during non-haze periods (42.5 %) than haze periods (18.1 %); in contrast, internally mixed particles contributed more during haze periods (21.9 %) than non-haze periods (7.2 %) at ground level. In addition, more mineral particles were found at ground level than above the mixed-layer height. Around 20 % of individual particles showed core–shell structures during haze periods, whereas only a few core–shell particles were observed during non-haze periods (2 %). The results showed that the particles above the mixed layer were more aged, with a larger proportion of organic particles originating from coal combustion. Our results indicate that a large fraction of the airborne particles above the mixed layer come from surrounding areas influenced by coal combustion activities. This source contributes to the surface particle concentrations in Beijing when polluted air is mixed down to the ground level

A Sensitive and Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Cell Free In Vitro Non-Homologous End Joining Assay for Hematopoietic Stem Cells

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are responsible for sustaining hematopoietic homeostasis and regeneration after injury for the entire lifespan of an organism. Maintenance of genomic stability is crucial for the preservation of HSCs, which depends on their efficient repair of DNA damage, particularly DNA double strand breaks (DSBs). Because of the paucity of HSCs and lack of sensitive assays, directly measuring the ability of HSCs to repair DSBs has been difficult. Therefore, we developed a sensitive and quantitative cell free in vitro non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) assay using linearized plasmids as the substrates and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) technique. This assay can sensitively detect DSB repair via NHEJ in less than 1 µg 293T cell nuclear proteins or nuclear extracts from about 5,000 to 10,000 human BM CD34+ hematopoietic cells. Using this assay, we confirmed that human bone marrow HSCs (CD34+CD38− cells) are less proficient in the repair of DSBs by NHEJ than HPCs (CD34+CD38+ cells). In contrast, mouse quiescent HSCs (Pyronin-Ylow LKS+ cells) and cycling HSCs (Pyronin-Yhi LKS+ cells) repaired the damage more efficiently than HPCs (LKS− cells). The difference in the abilities of human and mouse HSCs and HPCs to repair DSBs through NHEJ is likely attributed to their differential expression of key NHEJ DNA damage repair genes such as LIG4. These findings suggest that the qPCR-based cell free in vitro NHEJ assay can be used to sensitively measure the ability of human and mouse HSCs to repair DSBs