7 research outputs found
Study of the circulation of hepatitis E virus between humans and the environment bymolecular characterization of human and environmental strains
Le virus de lâhĂ©patite E (VHE) est responsable dâhĂ©patites chez lâHomme. Bien que lâinfection par le VHE soit le plus souvent aiguĂ«, des formes chroniques ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©crites chez des sujets immunodĂ©primĂ©s. Quatre gĂ©notypes majeurs sont dĂ©crits. Les gĂ©notypes 1 et 2 circulent dans les pays en voie de dĂ©veloppement oĂč ils nâinfectent que lâHomme avec une transmission hydrique. Les gĂ©notypes 3 et 4 circulent plutĂŽt dans les pays dĂ©veloppĂ©s, oĂč ils peuvent infecter lâHomme mais aussi des animaux (cochons, sangliers et cerfs), se transmettent Ă lâHomme par lâingestion de viande crue ou mal cuite dâun animal infectĂ©. Cependant les voies de transmission du VHE dans les pays dĂ©veloppĂ©s ne sont pas encore claires et une voie de contamination hydrique est suspectĂ©e. Lâobjectif de ce travail Ă©tait de clarifier la circulation du VHE dans le nord-est de la France (exemple de pays dĂ©veloppĂ©). Nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© des prĂ©lĂšvements humains, de sangliers, de cochons de ferme, ainsi que des effluents dâun abattoir porcin, des eaux dâentrĂ©e dâune station dâĂ©puration (STEP) et des moules dâeau douce utilisĂ©es pour concentrer des virus Ă©ventuellement prĂ©sents dans des riviĂšres. Le VHE de gĂ©notype 3 a Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ© dans des prĂ©lĂšvements humains, de sangliers, dâeffluents dâabattoir et de STEP. Plusieurs substitutions dâacide aminĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© mises en Ă©vidence. Certaines sont de possibles signatures dâorigine du prĂ©lĂšvement. Quelques-unes entraĂźnent des modifications dâantigĂ©nicitĂ© et dâhydrophobie prĂ©dites, pouvant avoir des consĂ©quences sur le comportement du virus et sa circulation. Enfin, les prĂ©lĂšvements de STEP comportaient un mĂ©lange de variants dâorigines diverses, en faveur dâun rĂŽle de lâeau dans la circulation du VHE. Des tests fonctionnels doivent ĂȘtre effectuĂ©s afin de mesurer lâimpact des substitutions observĂ©es.Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes hepatitis in humans. Although HEV infection is mainly self-limiting, chronic forms have been described in immunocompromised patients. Four major genotypes have been described. Genotypes 1 and 2 circulate in developing countries where they only infect humans with a waterborne transmission. Genotypes 3 and 4 mainly circulate in developed countries where they infect humans and some animals (pigs, wild boars, deer), and are transmitted to humans through consumption of an infected animalâs raw or undercooked meat. However, HEV transmission paths are still unclear in developed countries and a waterborne transmission is suspected. The aim of this work was to clarify HEV circulation in North-Eastern France (as a model of a developed country). We have studied human, wild boar, farm pig samples, effluent water from a pig slaughterhouse, incoming water of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and little pure water mussels that can concentrate viruses possibly present in rivers. Genotype 3 HEV has been recovered from human, wild boars, slaughterhouse and WWTP samples. Several amino acid substitutions have been brought out. Some are possible signatures of a sampleâs origin. Some lead to modifications in predicted antigenicity and hydrophobicity, which can have consequences on the virusâ behaviour and circulation. Finally, the WWTP samples showed a mixture of variants from different origins, in favour of a role of water in HEV circulation. Functional tests need to be performed to measure the impact of the observed substitutions
Ătude de la circulation du virus de lâhĂ©patite E entre lâHomme et lâenvironnement par caractĂ©risation molĂ©culaire de souches humaines et environnementales
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) causes hepatitis in humans. Although HEV infection is mainly self-limiting, chronic forms have been described in immunocompromised patients. Four major genotypes have been described. Genotypes 1 and 2 circulate in developing countries where they only infect humans with a waterborne transmission. Genotypes 3 and 4 mainly circulate in developed countries where they infect humans and some animals (pigs, wild boars, deer), and are transmitted to humans through consumption of an infected animalâs raw or undercooked meat. However, HEV transmission paths are still unclear in developed countries and a waterborne transmission is suspected. The aim of this work was to clarify HEV circulation in North-Eastern France (as a model of a developed country). We have studied human, wild boar, farm pig samples, effluent water from a pig slaughterhouse, incoming water of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and little pure water mussels that can concentrate viruses possibly present in rivers. Genotype 3 HEV has been recovered from human, wild boars, slaughterhouse and WWTP samples. Several amino acid substitutions have been brought out. Some are possible signatures of a sampleâs origin. Some lead to modifications in predicted antigenicity and hydrophobicity, which can have consequences on the virusâ behaviour and circulation. Finally, the WWTP samples showed a mixture of variants from different origins, in favour of a role of water in HEV circulation. Functional tests need to be performed to measure the impact of the observed substitutions.Le virus de lâhĂ©patite E (VHE) est responsable dâhĂ©patites chez lâHomme. Bien que lâinfection par le VHE soit le plus souvent aiguĂ«, des formes chroniques ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©crites chez des sujets immunodĂ©primĂ©s. Quatre gĂ©notypes majeurs sont dĂ©crits. Les gĂ©notypes 1 et 2 circulent dans les pays en voie de dĂ©veloppement oĂč ils nâinfectent que lâHomme avec une transmission hydrique. Les gĂ©notypes 3 et 4 circulent plutĂŽt dans les pays dĂ©veloppĂ©s, oĂč ils peuvent infecter lâHomme mais aussi des animaux (cochons, sangliers et cerfs), se transmettent Ă lâHomme par lâingestion de viande crue ou mal cuite dâun animal infectĂ©. Cependant les voies de transmission du VHE dans les pays dĂ©veloppĂ©s ne sont pas encore claires et une voie de contamination hydrique est suspectĂ©e. Lâobjectif de ce travail Ă©tait de clarifier la circulation du VHE dans le nord-est de la France (exemple de pays dĂ©veloppĂ©). Nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© des prĂ©lĂšvements humains, de sangliers, de cochons de ferme, ainsi que des effluents dâun abattoir porcin, des eaux dâentrĂ©e dâune station dâĂ©puration (STEP) et des moules dâeau douce utilisĂ©es pour concentrer des virus Ă©ventuellement prĂ©sents dans des riviĂšres. Le VHE de gĂ©notype 3 a Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ© dans des prĂ©lĂšvements humains, de sangliers, dâeffluents dâabattoir et de STEP. Plusieurs substitutions dâacide aminĂ© ont Ă©tĂ© mises en Ă©vidence. Certaines sont de possibles signatures dâorigine du prĂ©lĂšvement. Quelques-unes entraĂźnent des modifications dâantigĂ©nicitĂ© et dâhydrophobie prĂ©dites, pouvant avoir des consĂ©quences sur le comportement du virus et sa circulation. Enfin, les prĂ©lĂšvements de STEP comportaient un mĂ©lange de variants dâorigines diverses, en faveur dâun rĂŽle de lâeau dans la circulation du VHE. Des tests fonctionnels doivent ĂȘtre effectuĂ©s afin de mesurer lâimpact des substitutions observĂ©es
Polymorphisme du récepteur US28 du cytomégalovirus humain (étude de virus sensibles et résistants aux antiviraux)
PARIS7-Xavier Bichat (751182101) / SudocSudocFranceF
Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 resistance mutations in a patient who received anti-SARS-COV2 spike protein monoclonal antibodies: a case report
International audienceBackground: To manage severe or potentially severe cases of CoronaVirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), therapeutic monoclonal antibodies targeting Spike protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been designed. It has been noted in vitro that upon exposure to these treatments, mutations could be selected. Case presentation: We here report the case of an immunosuppressed patient infected with a B.1.1.7 variant, who received a combination of monoclonal antibodies, and subsequently selected mutations K417N, E484K and Q493R on Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions: Our case raises the importance of monitoring SARS-CoV-2 mutations in patients receiving monoclonal antibodies and having persistent excretion of the virus, in order to offer optimal management of their infection, and strengthen prevention measures to avoid subsequent transmission of these selected variants
Hepatitis E virus emergence in north eastern France
International audienc