470 research outputs found
Goal Oriented Provision of Design Principles for Additive Manufacturing to Support Conceptual Design
Additive Manufacturing (AM) offers a new degree in design freedom. However, in order to exploit AM's potentials in end-use products a methodical approach and suitable tools especially during conceptual design are needed. This paper presents a methodology for application in industrial practice, which should support the component conception for additively manufactured products. The approach focuses on a benefit-oriented preparation and provision of knowledge. In addition to general design methods for abstraction and promotion of creativity, AM-specific tools are introduced which support the provision of solution principles and process-specific restrictions. A broad applicability of the solution principles is ensured by an expansion of the solution space through abstraction. Consequently, product developers are sensitised to the new design possibilities of AM, on the one hand. On the other hand, they are supported in a holistic exploitation of design potentials in ideation in order to foster innovative solution ideas. Finally, the methodological procedure and the developed tools will be demonstrated in a workshop by using an example from industrial practice of the automotive sector
Assessment of Ecosystem Services across the Land–Sea Interface in Baltic Case Studies
Spatial assessments of ecosystem services (ES) are needed to fulfil EU policy requirements and to support practical applications of the ES concept in policy implementation. So far, ES assessments have largely focused on terrestrial systems. A joint approach for land and sea is especially lacking. To overcome this gap, we present a novel spatial habitat typology and ES classification for an assessment across the land–sea interface. We build upon existing approaches and common spatial definitions, like CORINE land cover (CLC) types, water bodies of the Water Framework Directive (WFD), and habitat types according to the Habitats Directive (HD). We show applications of the resulting ES matrix for an expert-based assessment of ES potentials in three Baltic study sites (Schlei, Greifswald Bay and Curonian Lagoon). A complementary indicator-based approach to assess ES flows is introduced and applied. It enables a quantification of ES potentials and flows and ensures comparability among case study sites. Comparisons between the results for ES potentials and flows show that development capacities exist in particular for provisioning ES for marine habitats. Our approaches are spatially expandable and transferrable and could be applied to support environmental policy implementation. Further, we discuss their practical relevance, current limitations, and future research perspective
The effects of cultural differences on consumers' willingness to share personal information
Consumer information is an increasingly valuable resource in the digitally interconnected modern world. Globally, the number of firms collecting and exploiting consumer information to optimize their marketing efforts is increasing rapidly. The authors determine how four cultural dimensions—power distance, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation—affect consumers’ willingness to share their personal information with firms (WTS). The authors empirically test the direct effect of national culture on WTS, as well as its moderating effect on the link between WTS and two of its key drivers, privacy concerns and perceived benefits. Drawing on regulatory focus theory, the authors develop a conceptual framework and test it using multilevel modeling on data from 15,045 consumers across 24 countries. The empirical findings demonstrate that national culture directly affects WTS and moderates the effects of both privacy concerns and perceived benefits on WTS. These results highlight the need for managers and marketers to consider international cultural differences when collecting consumer information
A Principal’s Dilemma: Instructional Leader or Manager
This study focuses on the emphasis principals’ place on the design and delivery of curriculum and instruction on individual campuses and the extent federal regulation has impacted principal behaviors as instructional leaders. The transformation from the principal’s role of manager to that which is inclusive of instructional leadership is due to the steady increase of the regulations governing the accountability system culminating in No Child Left Behind. In fact, “ … one in three principals says implementation of NCLB is the most pressing issue he or she is facing” (Sergiovanni, 2009, p. 44)
Collapse of Coherent Large Scale Flow in Strongly Turbulent Liquid Metal Convection
The large-scale flow structure and the turbulent transfer of heat and
momentum are directly measured in highly turbulent liquid metal convection
experiments for Rayleigh numbers varied between and and Prandtl numbers of . Our
measurements are performed in two cylindrical samples of aspect ratios diameter/height and 1 filled with the eutectic alloy GaInSn. The
reconstruction of the three-dimensional flow pattern by 17 ultrasound Doppler
velocimetry sensors detecting the velocity profiles along their beamlines in
different planes reveals a clear breakdown of coherence of the large-scale
circulation for . As a consequence, the scaling laws for heat and
momentum transfer inherit a dependence on the aspect ratio. We show that this
breakdown of coherence is accompanied with a reduction of the Reynolds number
. The scaling exponent of the power law
crosses \FIN{eventually} over from to 0.124 when the liquid metal
flow at reaches and the coherent
large-scale flow is completely collapsed.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, 1 supplementary with 1 figure and 4 tables, 1
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Tuning the van der Waals Interaction of Graphene with Molecules via Doping
We use scanning tunneling microscopy to visualize and thermal desorption
spectroscopy to quantitatively measure that the binding of naphthalene
molecules to graphene (Gr), a case of pure van der Waals (vdW) interaction,
strengthens with - and weakens with -doping of Gr. Density functional
theory calculations that include the vdW interaction in a seamless, ab initio
way accurately reproduce the observed trend in binding energies. Based on a
model calculation, we propose that the vdW interaction is modified by changing
the spatial extent of Gr's orbitals via doping
Integration of NEMO into an existing particle physics environment through virtualization
With the ever-growing amount of data collected with the experiments at the
Large Hadron Collider (LHC) (Evans et al., 2008), the need for computing resources
that can handle the analysis of this data is also rapidly increasing. This
increase will even be amplified after upgrading to the High Luminosity LHC
(Apollinari et al., 2017). High-Performance Computing (HPC) and other cluster
computing resources provided by universities can be useful supplements to the
resources dedicated to the experiment as part of the Worldwide LHC Computing
Grid (WLCG) (Eck et al., 2005) for data analysis and production of simulated
event samples. Computing resources in the WLCG are structured in four layers
– so-called Tiers. The first layer comprises two Tier-0 computing centres
located at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland and at the Wigner Research Centre
for Physics in Budapest, Hungary. The second layer consists of thirteen Tier-1
centres, followed by 160 Tier-2 sites, which are typically universities and other
scientific institutes. The final layer are Tier-3 sites which are directly used by
local users. The University of Freiburg is operating a combined Tier-2/Tier-3,
the ATLAS-BFG (Backofen et al., 2006). The shared HPC cluster »NEMO« at
the University of Freiburg has been made available to local ATLAS (Aad et al.,
2008) users through the provisioning of virtual machines incorporating the ATLAS software environment analogously to the bare metal system at the Tier-3. In
addition to the provisioning of the virtual environment, the on-demand integration
of these resources into the Tier-3 scheduler in a dynamic way is described. In
order to provide the external NEMO resources to the user in a transparent way,
an intermediate layer connecting the two batch systems is put into place. This
resource scheduler monitors requirements on the user-facing system and requests
resources on the backend-system
Dynamic Virtualized Deployment of Particle Physics Environments on a High Performance Computing Cluster
The NEMO High Performance Computing Cluster at the University of Freiburg has
been made available to researchers of the ATLAS and CMS experiments. Users
access the cluster from external machines connected to the World-wide LHC
Computing Grid (WLCG). This paper describes how the full software environment
of the WLCG is provided in a virtual machine image. The interplay between the
schedulers for NEMO and for the external clusters is coordinated through the
ROCED service. A cloud computing infrastructure is deployed at NEMO to
orchestrate the simultaneous usage by bare metal and virtualized jobs. Through
the setup, resources are provided to users in a transparent, automatized, and
on-demand way. The performance of the virtualized environment has been
evaluated for particle physics applications
Terrestrial, Coastal and Marine Ecosystem Service Matrix: [research data]
This research item is a revised and enlarged version of a qualitative assessment matrix for the appraisal of ecosystem service potentials. The product is a simple tool for scoring landscape and seascape types with respect to their abilities to provide provisioning, regulating and cultural ecosystem services as well as indicators of ecosystem state by applying criteria of ecosystem integrity
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