Neue Funde seltener Zikadenarten auf den Kalkmagerrasen des Diemeltals (Ostwestfalen/Nordhessen): (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha)

Im Jahr 2013 wurden auf zehn Kalkmagerrasen des Mittleren und Un-teren Diemeltals (Ostwestfalen/Nordhessen) systematische Zikadenerfassungen durchge-führt. Insgesamt konnten 82 Arten nachgewiesen werden. Darunter waren 24 Arten, die erstmalig für das Untersuchungsgebiet erfasst werden konnten. Unter Berücksichtigung der Studie von Poniatowski & Hertenstein (2013) umfasst die Checkliste der Kalkmagerrasen des Mittleren und Unteren Diemeltals nun 108 Zikadenarten. Davon sind 30 Arten in der Roten Liste der gefährdeten Zikadenarten Deutschlands einer Gefährdungskategorie zuge-ordnet. 45 Arten wurden als Halbtrockenrasen-Spezialisten eingestuft. Zu den bemerkens-werten Erstnachweisen gehören Arocephalus languidus, Asiraca clavicornis, Eurysella brunnea, Hesium domino, Mocydiopsis attenuata, Ribautodelphax collina und Wagneriala sinuata. Darüber hinaus konnten für die stark gefährdeten Arten Doratura horvathi, Eupteryx origani, Hephathus nanus und Tettigometra impressopunctata weitere Fundstellen ermittelt werden.New records of rare Auchenorrhyncha species for the calcareous grasslands in the Diemel Valley (Ostwestfalen/Nordhessen) (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha). – In 2013 we sampled Auchenorrhyncha in ten calcareous grassland sites in the Middle and Lower Diemel Valley (Central Germany). In total, we found 82 species. Among these, 24 species represent new records for the study area. Taking into account the study of Poniatowski & Hertenstein (2013), a total number of 108 species is now documented for the Diemel Valley. 30 species are on the Red List of the Auchenorrhyncha of Germany. A total of 45 species were classi-fied as specialists of semi-dry grasslands. Remarkable new species are Arocephalus languidus, Asiraca clavicornis, Eurysella brunnea, Hesium domino, Mocydiopsis attenuata, Ribautodelphax collina and Wagneriala sinuata. Additionally, we found new sites for the endangered species Doratura horvathi, Eupteryx origani, Hephathus nanus and Tettigometra impressopunctata

Die Zikadenfauna isolierter Schieferkuppen der Medebacher Bucht (Südwestfalen/Nordhessen): (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha)

Im Jahr 2014 wurden auf 30 Schieferkuppen der Medebacher Bucht (Südwestfalen/Nordhessen) systematische Zikadenerfassungen durchgeführt. Insgesamt konnten 102 Arten nachgewiesen werden. Davon sind 31 Arten in der Roten Liste der gefährdeten Zikadenarten Deutschlands einer Gefährdungskategorie zugeordnet. Acht Arten wurden als Trockenrasen-Spezialisten und 60 Arten als typische Grünlandbewohner eingestuft. Besonders hervorzuheben sind die Nachweise von Delphacinus mesomelas, Jassidaeus lugubris, Stictocoris picturatus und Xanthodelphax flaveola. Sie sind alle Indikatoren historisch alter, extensiv genutzter Weidelandschaften. Jassidaeus lugubris und Xanthodelphax flaveola konnten erstmalig für Nordrhein-Westfalen nachgewiesen werden.The Auchenorrhyncha fauna (Hemiptera) of isolated acidic hilltops of the “Medebacher Bucht” (central Germany). – In 2014 we sampled Auchenorrhyncha on 30 acidic grassland sites in the “Medebacher Bucht” (central Germany). In total, we found 102 species. Among these, 31 species are on the Red List of the Auchenorrhyncha of Germany. A total of eight species were classified as xerothermophilous habitat specialists and 60 species as typical grassland species in Germany. Particularly noteworthy are the records of Delphacinus mesomelas, Jassidaeus lugubris, Stictocoris picturatus und Xanthodelphax flaveola. All of them are indicators for ancient traditionally grazed pastures. The records of Jassidaeus lugubris and Xanthodelphax flaveola were new for North North-Rhine-Westphalia

Relative impacts of land-use and climate change on grasshopper range shifts have changed over time

CITATION: Poniatowski, D. et al. 2020. Relative impacts of land-use and climate change on grasshopper range shifts have changed over time. Global Ecology and Biogeography 29(12): 2190– 2202. doi:10.1111/geb.13188The original publication is available at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/14668238Aim: Stopping the decline of biodiversity is one of today’s greatest challenges. To help address this, we require studies that disentangle the effects of the most important drivers behind species range losses and shifts. In this large-scale study, we aim to evaluate the relative impacts of changes in land use and climate on distributional changes in grasshoppers. Location: Central Europe. Time period: Historical (pre-1990 vs. 1990–1999); recent (1990–1999 vs. 2000–2017). Major taxa studied: Orthoptera (hereafter referred to as grasshoppers). Methods: We used an advanced modelling approach within the framework of spatial point pattern analysis (SPPA) to calculate distributional changes of 58 grasshopper species based on > 100,000 aggregated observational records. Historical and recent range shifts were compared among four functional groups and analysed against: (a) the species temperature index (STI); and (b) the species farmland index (SFI). Results: During the earlier historical period, most species suffered from large range losses, with habitat specialists declining more than generalists with equal mobility. Range retractions were related to species with high SFI values; that is, species associated with farmland having a high natural value. In contrast, during the recent period the distribution of less mobile species generally remained stable, whereas highly mobile species even expanded their ranges, irrespective of their habitat specificity. Additionally, range expansions occurred mostly among thermophilic species; that is, those with high STI values. Main conclusions: This is the first large-scale study world-wide that quantifies both historical and recent range shifts of numerous grasshopper species. Our results suggest that historical range losses were mainly caused by severe loss of semi-natural habitats pre-1990. Recently, global warming has led to range expansions of several grasshopper species. The challenge now is to ensure the persistence of species that might not be able to evade future climate change owing to the increasing lack of suitable refuge habitats in intensive agricultural landscapes.https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/geb.1318

Auchenorrhyncha and Psylloidea collected during the 25th Central European Auchenorrhyncha meeting, Arnhem, The Netherlands (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha and Psylloidea)

Die 25. Mitteleuropäische Zikadentagung fand vom 14.-17. September 2018 in Arnheim in den Niederlanden statt. Da es die erste Tagung in den Niederlanden war, wurden Sammelexkursionen in fünf typische niederländische Landschaften unternommen. Drei der Exkursionsziele befanden sich in neu geschaffenen Schutzgebieten, die sich auf ehemals landwirtschaftlich genutzten Flächen befinden. Die beiden weiteren Exkursionsziele waren alte, geschützte Heideflächen. Insgesamt konnten 117 Zikadenarten und 6 Psylloidea-Arten nachgewiesen werden. Drei Arten waren neu für die Niederlande: Macrosteles spinosus (in dieser Publikation vorgestellt), Kybos abstrusus (monophag an Populus nigra) und Macrosteles sardus (an Epilobium hirsutum). Für einige seltene Arten konnten neue Fundpunkte ermittelt werden: Kelisia monoceros, Aphrophora major, Stroggylocephalus agrestis, Edwardsiana diversa, E. tersa, Fruticidia bisignata, Ophiola russeola und Psammotettix pallidinervis. Durch die drei Neufunde erhöht sich die Anzahl der bislang in den Niederlanden nachgewiesenen Zikadenarten auf 421. Diese Arbeit zeigt zudem, dass selbst in erst seit kurzem bestehenden Schutzgebieten seltene und interessante Arten nachgewiesen werden können. The 25th Central European Auchenorrhyncha meeting took place in Arnhem, The Netherlands on 14-17 September 2018. It was the first time the meeting was held in The Netherlands, and for this reason, excursions were undertaken to five typical Dutch landscapes. Three of the excursions involved newly created nature reserves, located on former agricultural land. The other two were old, protected heathlands. In total, 115 Auchenorrhyncha species, and 6 Psylloidea species were collected. Three species were new for the Netherlands: Macrosteles spinosus (presented in this paper), Kybos abstrusus (monophagous on Populus nigra) and Macrosteles sardus (Epilobium hirsutum). For a number of rare species new occurrences were reported: Kelisia monoceros, Aphrophora major, Stroggylocephalus agrestis, Edwardsiana diversa, E. tersa, Fruticidia bisignata, Ophiola russeola and Psammotettix pallidinervis. Our results show that also in young, newly created nature reserves interesting species can be found.&nbsp

Leafhopper diversity in home gardens – results of a survey in four countries across Europe (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha)

Despite urbanisation being one of the main drivers of habitat destruction and biodiversity loss, home gardens can provide habitat for a wide range of species. Here we report the results of a leafhopper survey in 12 gardens in four European countries (Germany, Serbia, Austria and Bulgaria). Sampling was conducted in a semi-standardised way across the summer 2020. In total, 143 Auchenorrhyncha species with 2,361 adult specimens were recorded, including several red-listed species. The number of species per garden varied between 9 and 58. On average, around 26 species were found. Leafhopper diversity was positively influenced by garden area, age, plant diversity, extensive management and the cover of forests and parks in the surroundings, but also by the number of sampling dates. We conclude that extensively managed home gardens across Europe can support diverse communities of leafhoppers which is crucial in times of severe insect declines

CeRebrUm and CardIac Protection with ALlopurinol in Neonates with Critical Congenital Heart Disease Requiring Cardiac Surgery with Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CRUCIAL):study protocol of a phase III, randomized, quadruple-blinded, placebo-controlled, Dutch multicenter trial

BACKGROUND: Neonates with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are at risk of brain injury that may result in adverse neurodevelopment. To date, no therapy is available to improve long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes of CCHD neonates. Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, prevents the formation of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, thereby limiting cell damage during reperfusion and reoxygenation to the brain and heart. Animal and neonatal studies suggest that allopurinol reduces hypoxic-ischemic brain injury and is cardioprotective and safe. This trial aims to test the hypothesis that allopurinol administration in CCHD neonates will result in a 20% reduction in moderate to severe ischemic and hemorrhagic brain injury. METHODS: This is a phase III, randomized, quadruple-blinded, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial. Neonates with a prenatal or postnatal CCHD diagnosis requiring cardiac surgery with CPB in the first 4 weeks after birth are eligible to participate. Allopurinol or mannitol-placebo will be administered intravenously in 2 doses early postnatally in neonates diagnosed antenatally and 3 doses perioperatively of 20 mg/kg each in all neonates. The primary outcome is a composite endpoint of moderate/severe ischemic or hemorrhagic brain injury on early postoperative MRI, being too unstable for postoperative MRI, or mortality within 1 month following CPB. A total of 236 patients (n = 188 with prenatal diagnosis) is required to demonstrate a reduction of the primary outcome incidence by 20% in the prenatal group and by 9% in the postnatal group (power 80%; overall type 1 error controlled at 5%, two-sided), including 1 interim analysis at n = 118 (n = 94 with prenatal diagnosis) with the option to stop early for efficacy. Secondary outcomes include preoperative and postoperative brain injury severity, white matter injury volume (MRI), and cardiac function (echocardiography); postnatal and postoperative seizure activity (aEEG) and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (NIRS); neurodevelopment at 3 months (general movements); motor, cognitive, and language development and quality of life at 24 months; and safety and cost-effectiveness of allopurinol. DISCUSSION: This trial will investigate whether allopurinol administered directly after birth and around cardiac surgery reduces moderate/severe ischemic and hemorrhagic brain injury and improves cardiac function and neurodevelopmental outcome in CCHD neonates. TRIAL REGISTRATION: EudraCT 2017-004596-31. Registered on November 14, 2017. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04217421. Registered on January 3, 2020 SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-022-06098-y

Galactic Core-Collapse Supernovae at IceCube: “Fire Drill” Data Challenges and follow-up

The next Galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) presents a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to make astrophysical measurements using neutrinos, gravitational waves, and electromagnetic radiation. CCSNe local to the Milky Way are extremely rare, so it is paramount that detectors are prepared to observe the signal when it arrives. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, a gigaton water Cherenkov detector below the South Pole, is sensitive to the burst of neutrinos released by a Galactic CCSN at a level >10σ. This burst of neutrinos precedes optical emission by hours to days, enabling neutrinos to serve as an early warning for follow-up observation. IceCube\u27s detection capabilities make it a cornerstone of the global network of neutrino detectors monitoring for Galactic CCSNe, the SuperNova Early Warning System (SNEWS 2.0). In this contribution, we describe IceCube\u27s sensitivity to Galactic CCSNe and strategies for operational readiness, including "fire drill" data challenges. We also discuss coordination with SNEWS 2.0

All-Energy Search for Solar Atmospheric Neutrinos with IceCube

The interaction of cosmic rays with the solar atmosphere generates a secondary flux of mesons that decay into photons and neutrinos – the so-called solar atmospheric flux. Although the gamma-ray component of this flux has been observed in Fermi-LAT and HAWC Observatory data, the neutrino component remains undetected. The energy distribution of those neutrinos follows a soft spectrum that extends from the GeV to the multi-TeV range, making large Cherenkov neutrino telescopes a suitable for probing this flux. In this contribution, we will discuss current progress of a search for the solar neutrino flux by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory using all available data since 2011. Compared to the previous analysis which considered only high-energy muon neutrino tracks, we will additionally consider events produced by all flavors of neutrinos down to GeV-scale energies. These new events should improve our analysis sensitivity since the flux falls quickly with energy. Determining the magnitude of the neutrino flux is essential, since it is an irreducible background to indirect solar dark matter searches

TXS 0506+056 with Updated IceCube Data

Past results from the IceCube Collaboration have suggested that the blazar TXS 0506+056 is a potential source of astrophysical neutrinos. However, in the years since there have been numerous updates to event processing and reconstruction, as well as improvements to the statistical methods used to search for astrophysical neutrino sources. These improvements in combination with additional years of data have resulted in the identification of NGC 1068 as a second neutrino source candidate. This talk will re-examine time-dependent neutrino emission from TXS 0506+056 using the most recent northern-sky data sample that was used in the analysis of NGC 1068. The results of using this updated data sample to obtain a significance and flux fit for the 2014 TXS 0506+056 "untriggered" neutrino flare are reported