On the potential of Cherenkov Telescope Arrays and KM3 Neutrino Telescopes for the detection of extended sources

We discuss the discovery potential of extended very-high-energy (VHE) neutrino sources by the future KM3 Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT) in the context of the constraining power of the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), designed for deep surveys of the sky in VHE gamma rays. The study is based on a comparative analysis of sensitivities of KM3NeT and CTA. We show that a minimum gamma-ray energy flux of E^2{\phi}_{\gamma}(10 TeV) > 1x10^{-12} TeV cm^{-2} s^{-1} is required to identify a possible neutrino counterpart with a 3{\sigma} significance and 10 years of KM3NeT observations with upgoing muons, if the source has an angular size of R_{src} = 0.1 deg and emits gamma rays with an E^{-2} energy spectrum through a full hadronic mechanism. This minimum gamma-ray flux is increased to the level of E^2{\phi}_{\gamma}(10 TeV) > 2x10^{-11} TeV cm^{-2} s^{-1} in case of sources with radial extension of R_{src} = 2.0 deg. The analysis methods are applied to the supernova remnant RX J1713.7-3946 and the Galactic Center Ridge, as well as to the recent HAWC catalog of multi-TeV gamma-ray sources.Comment: 15 pages, 7 figure

Aroma-active secondary oxidation products of butter

Butter contains vitamins, minerals and unsaturated lipids, such as polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and conjugated linoleic acids (CLAs). However the oxidative stability and consequently the shelf-life of milk products are inversely correlated with their PUFA and CLA content. The objective of this study is the evaluation of the oxidative stability and sensory quality of PUFA/CLA-enriched butter versus conventional butter, with both types of butter being produced at ALP. For this purpose, new chemical and sensory-based methods will be developed, as well holistic complementary methods. This paper focuses on a preliminary study achieved using conventional butter, subjected to a long storage and to oxygen and light exposure, to develop a gas chromatography olfactometry (GC-O) method able to detect the aroma-active compounds originated from oxidation. This will be one of the methods used for the evaluation of the oxidative stability of PUFA/CLA-enriched butter

Scattering theory of adiabatic reaction forces due to out-of-equilibrium quantum environments

The Landauer-Buettiker theory of mesoscopic conductors was recently extended to nanoelectromechanical systems. In this extension, the adiabatic reaction forces exerted by the electronic degrees of freedom on the mechanical modes were expressed in terms of the electronic S-matrix and its first non-adiabatic correction, the A-matrix. Here, we provide a more natural and efficient derivation of these results within the setting and solely with the methods of scattering theory. Our derivation is based on a generic model of a slow classical degree of freedom coupled to a quantum-mechanical scattering system, extending previous work on adiabatic reaction forces for closed quantum systems.Comment: Minor typos fixed, published versio

Quantum thermodynamics of the driven resonant level model

We present a consistent thermodynamic theory for the resonant level model in the wide band limit, whose level energy is driven slowly by an external force. The problem of defining 'system' and 'bath' in the strong coupling regime is circumvented by considering as the 'system' everything that is influenced by the externally driven level. The thermodynamic functions that are obtained to first order beyond the quasistatic limit fulfill the first and second law with a positive entropy production, successfully connect to the forces experienced by the external driving, and reproduce the correct weak coupling limit of stochastic thermodynamics.Comment: Final version as publishe

Measuring environmental quantum noise exhibiting a non-monotonous spectral shape

Understanding the physical origin of noise affecting quantum systems is important for nearly every quantum application. Quantum noise spectroscopy has been employed in various quantum systems, such as superconducting qubits, NV centers and trapped ions. Traditional spectroscopy methods are usually efficient in measuring noise spectra with mostly monotonically decaying contributions. However, there are important scenarios in which the noise spectrum is broadband and non-monotonous, thus posing a challenge to existing noise spectroscopy schemes. Here, we compare several methods for noise spectroscopy: spectral decomposition based on the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) sequence, the recently presented DYnamic Sensitivity COntrol (DYSCO) sequence and a modified DYSCO sequence with a Gaussian envelope (gDYSCO). The performance of the sequences is quantified by analytic and numeric determination of the frequency resolution, bandwidth and sensitivity, revealing a supremacy of gDYSCO to reconstruct non-trivial features. Utilizing an ensemble of nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond coupled to a high density $^{13}$C nuclear spin environment, we experimentally confirm our findings. The combination of the presented schemes offers potential to record high quality noise spectra as a prerequisite to generate quantum systems unlimited by their spin-bath environment

General Eigenstate Thermalization via Free Cumulants in Quantum Lattice Systems

The Eigenstate-Thermalization-Hypothesis (ETH) has been established as the general framework to understand quantum statistical mechanics. Only recently has the attention been paid to so-called general ETH, which accounts for higher-order correlations among matrix elements, and that can be rationalized theoretically using the language of Free Probability. In this work, we perform the first numerical investigation of the general ETH in physical many-body systems with local interactions by testing the decomposition of higher-order correlators into free cumulants. We perform exact diagonalization on two classes of local non-integrable (chaotic) quantum many-body systems: spin chain Hamiltonians and Floquet brickwork unitary circuits. We show that the dynamics of four-time correlation functions are encoded in fourth-order free cumulants, as predicted by ETH. Their non-trivial frequency dependence encodes the physical properties of local many-body systems and distinguishes them from structureless, rotationally invariant ensembles of random matrices.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures + Supplementary Material. v3: added an introduction to Free Cumulants in the Supp. Ma

Scattering theory of current-induced forces in mesoscopic systems

We develop a scattering theory of current-induced forces exerted by the conduction electrons of a general mesoscopic conductor on slow "mechanical" degrees of freedom. Our theory describes the current-induced forces both in and out of equilibrium in terms of the scattering matrix of the phase-coherent conductor. Under general nonequilibrium conditions, the resulting mechanical Langevin dynamics is subject to both non-conservative and velocity-dependent Lorentz-like forces, in addition to (possibly negative) friction. We illustrate our results with a two-mode model inspired by hydrogen molecules in a break junction which exhibits limit-cycle dynamics of the mechanical modes.Comment: 4+ pages, 1 figure; v2: minor modification

Declining rotation curves at z=2z=2 in Λ\LambdaCDM galaxy formation simulations

Selecting disk galaxies from the cosmological, hydrodynamical simulation Magneticum Pathfinder we show that almost half of our poster child disk galaxies at $z=2$ show significantly declining rotation curves and low dark matter fractions, very similar to recently reported observations. These galaxies do not show any anomalous behavior, reside in standard dark matter halos and typically grow significantly in mass until $z = 0$, where they span all morphological classes, including disk galaxies matching present day rotation curves and observed dark matter fractions. Our findings demonstrate that declining rotation curves and low dark matter fractions in rotation dominated galaxies at $z=2$ appear naturally within the $\Lambda$CDM paradigm and reflect the complex baryonic physics, which plays a role at the peak epoch of star-formation. In addition, we find some dispersion dominated galaxies at $z=2$ which host a significant gas disk and exhibit similar shaped rotation curves as the disk galaxy population, rendering it difficult to differentiate between these two populations with currently available observation techniques.Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, ApJ Letters in press, www.magneticum.or

PENGUKURAN KUALITAS PELAYANAN BADAN USAHA MILIK DESA DI DESA LAMOANAK, KABUPATEN LANDAK MENGGUNAKAN METODE SERVICE QUALITY DAN IMPORTANCE-PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) di Desa Lamoanak, Kecamatan Menjalin, terlibat dalam distribusi tabung gas LPG 3 kg (subsidi). Sering terjadi penundaan pengiriman tabung gas kepada pelanggan, mengakibatkan kerugian bagi pemilik toko yang menjadi pelanggan tetap. Selain itu, sering kali tabung gas yang dikirim mengalami kerusakan, sehingga pembeli mengembalikannya kepada pemilik toko. Tingkat kepuasan pelanggan terhadap kinerja BUMDes dan harapan mereka merupakan aspek penting yang perlu diketahui oleh pihak BUMDes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kepuasan dan harapan pelanggan terhadap pelayanan BUMDes serta mengidentifikasi atribut yang menjadi prioritas perbaikan guna memberikan rekomendasi peningkatan kualitas pelayanan BUMDes. Metode Service Quality (SERVQUAL) digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kepuasan dan harapan pelanggan BUMDes di Desa Lamoanak dalam mengevaluasi kualitas pelayanan yang diterima. Analisis Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA) diterapkan untuk menilai tingkat kepentingan dan kinerja setiap atribut, sehingga prioritas perbaikan dapat diketahui dan rekomendasi peningkatan kinerja dapat diberikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan antara harapan dan persepsi pelanggan terhadap kualitas pelayanan BUMDes. Kesenjangan terbesar ditemukan pada kendaraan pengiriman tabung gas dengan nilai kesenjangan -2,24, diikuti oleh kualitas tabung gas LPG yang dijual dengan nilai kesenjangan -0,86, pelayanan yang cepat dan tepat waktu dengan nilai kesenjangan -1,44, respon cepat dan efisien terhadap keluhan pelanggan dengan nilai kesenjangan -1,21, serta jaminan pengembalian tabung gas yang tidak layak pakai dengan nilai kesenjangan -0,97. Selanjutnya, analisis IPA menyoroti lima atribut sebagai prioritas utama perbaikan untuk peningkatan kualitas pelayanan.Kata kunci: BUMDes, Service Quality, Importance-Performance Analysis (IPA), LPG 3 k