Morphologic changes of the frontal and sphenoid sinuses at pharyngeal airway space after orthognathic surgery for class II correction

Orientador: Paulo Henrique Ferreira CariaDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: A cirurgia ortognática tem sido regularmente usada no tratamento das deformidades dentofaciais, porém, seus efeitos sobre os tecidos moles e duros adjacentes ainda não estão totalmente esclarecidos. O objetivo desse estudo é avaliar cefalometricamente as alterações morfológicas dos seios frontal e esfenoidal e do espaço aéreo faríngeo superior e inferior em indivíduos com maloclusão classe II, submetidos à cirurgia ortognática com avanço maxilomandibular. Foram avaliados 49 pacientes (98 telerradiografias laterais), nos períodos pré- operatório (01 semana antes da cirurgia) e pósoperatório (seis meses após a cirurgia). Foram realizadas as medidas lineares: Nasofaringe (TB-PhW1), Orofarínge (TU-PhW2), ENA-Me, N-Me e S-Go e as medidas angulares SNA, SNB e Gonial além das dimensões dos seios frontal e esfenoidal em cada telerradiografia lateral. Os resultados foram submetidos ao test t de Student para avaliar as diferenças entre os dois momentos operatórios. Todas as medidas mostraram replicabilidade excelente para o intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (ICC>0,9; p0.9; p<0.0001) for the measurements. There was an increase in the measurements TB - PhW1 and TU - PhW2 and decrease of the dimensions of the frontal and sphenoid sinuses after orthognathic surgery. In conclusion, the orthognathic surgery consisting of maxillomandibular advancement alters the morphology of the pharyngeal airway space, superior and inferior, and of the frontal and sphenoid sinuses in individuals with class II malocclusion after six months of correction.MestradoAnatomiaMestre em Biologia Buco-Denta

Cross-sectional study of correlation between mandibular incisor crowding and third molars in young Brazilians

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate transversally the clinical correlation between lower incisor crowding and mandible third molar. Study Design: Three hundred healthy volunteers (134 male and 166 female), aged 20.4 (±2.4) years-old were submitted to a complete clinical examination and filled up a questionnaire about gender, age, total teeth number and presence or absence of superior and inferior third molar. After a recent panoramic radiography were evaluated. The multiple logistic regression showed that none of the studied factors influenced the mandibular incisor crowding. Results: The proportion of both molars present or both absent was higher than the other conditions (Chi-square, p.05) the mandibular incisor crowding. Despite the statistical significance, wear orthodontics appliances showed a little correlation (odds ratios < 1.0) in the mandibular incisor crowding. Conclusion: Presence of maxillary and/or mandibular third molars has no relation with the lower incisor crowding

Photoelastic and finite element analyses of occlusal loads in mandibular body

This study proposed to evaluate the mandibular biomechanics in the posterior dentition based on experimental and computational analyses. The analyses were performed on a model of human mandible, which was modeled by epoxy resin for photoelastic analysis and by computer-aided design for finite element analysis. To standardize the evaluation, specific areas were determined at the lateral surface of mandibular body. The photoelastic analysis was configured through a vertical load on the first upper molar and fixed support at the ramus of mandible. The same configuration was used in the computer simulation. Force magnitudes of 50, 100, 150, and 200 N were applied to evaluate the bone stress. The stress results presented similar distribution in both analyses, with the more intense stress being at retromolar area and oblique line and alveolar process at molar level. This study presented the similarity of results in the experimental and computational analyses and, thus, showed the high importance of morphology biomechanical characterization at posterior dentition.This study proposed to evaluate the mandibular biomechanics in the posterior dentition based on experimental and computational analyses. The analyses were performed on a model of human mandible, which was modeled by epoxy resin for photoelastic analysis a2014CNPQ - CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICOsem informaçã

Procesos pterigoideos y la sincondrosis esfeno-occipital en la disyunción palatina

The Rapid Maxillary Expansion that involves the opening of the median palatine suture is used frequently to correct narrow arch maxillary and since the maxillary relates also with the skull base, the objective of this paper was to search in the literature the effects that the Rapid Maxillary Expansion produces on the pterygoid process and the spheno-occipital synchondrosis; analyzed clinically, with compute tomography, bone scintigraphy, cephalometric X-ray and the finite element method. The literature review was done on the data bases: Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Scielo, BSV (Bireme), ISI (Web of Sciencie) and Lilacs. It can be said that the forces it proportionate during the Rapid Maxillary Expansion not only to performs on the median palatine suture, but also on the pterygoid processes and even on the spheno-occipital synchondrosis, to making displacements and different concentrations of stress.La disyunción palatina que consiste en la apertura de la sutura palatina media, es usada frecuentemente para corregir la arcada maxilar estrecha transversalmente y ya que el maxilar se relaciona también con la base del cráneo el objetivo de este estudio fue revisar en la literatura los efectos que la disyunción palatina produce sobre los procesos pterigoideos y la sincondrosis esfeno-occipital, analizados clínicamente, con tomografías computarizadas, gammagrafía ósea, radiografías cefalométricas y el método de elementos finitos. La literatura revisada fue hecha sobre las bases de datos: Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Scielo, BSV (Bireme), ISI (Web of Sciencie) y Lilacs. Se puede afirmar que la fuerza proporcionada durante una disyunción palatina no solo actúa al nivel de la sutura palatina media, sino también sobre los procesos pterigoideos y hasta sobre la sincondrosis esfeno-occipital, ocasionando desplazamientos y diferentes concentraciones de tensiones

A SERM increasing the expression of the osteoblastogenesis and mineralization-related proteins and improving quality of bone tissue in an experimental model of osteoporosis

Raloxifene is an antiresorptive drug, selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) used in the treatment of osteoporosis. Objective: To evaluate proteins related to bone repair at the peri-implant bone in a rat model of osteoporosis treated with raloxifene. Material and Methods: 72 rats were divided into three groups: SHAM (healthy animals), OVX (ovariectomized animals), and RLX (ovariectomized animals treated with raloxifene). Raloxifene was administered by gavage (1 mg/kg/day). Tibial implantation was performed 30 days after ovariectomy, and animals were euthanized at 14, 42, and 60 days postoperatively. Samples were collected and analyzed by immunohistochemical reactions, molecular analysis, and microtomographic parameters. Results: RLX showed intense staining of all investigated proteins at both time points except for RUNX2. These results were similar to SHAM and opposite to OVX, showing mild staining. The PCR gene expression of OC and ALP values for RLX (P&lt;0.05) followed by SHAM and OVX groups. For BSP data, the highest expression was observed in the RLX groups and the lowest expression was observed in the OVX groups (P&lt;0.05). For RUNX2 data, RLX and SHAM groups showed greater values compared to OVX (P&lt;0.05). At 60 days postoperatively, microtomography parameters, related to closed porosity, showed higher values for (Po.N), (Po.V), and (Po) in RLX and SHAM groups, whereas OVX groups showed lower results (P&lt;0.05); (BV) values (P=0.009); regarding total porosity (Po.tot), RLX group had statistically significant lower values than OVX and SHAM groups (P=0.009). Regarding the open porosity (Po.V and Po), the SHAM group presented the highest values, followed by OVX and RLX groups (P&lt;0.05). The Structural Model Index (SMI), RLX group showed a value closer to zero than SHAM group (P&lt;0.05). Conclusions: Raloxifene had a positive effect on the expression of osteoblastogenesis/mineralization-related proteins and on micro-CT parameters related to peri-implant bone healin

Processos éticos do Conselho Regional de Odontologia do Estado do Pará no período de 2007 a 2010

Os profissionais da área odontológica estão cada vez mais sujeitos a processos éticos, sendo indiscutível a necessidade de precaução contra possíveis ações instauradas por pacientes e colegas de profissão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar aspectos quantitativos relacionados aos processos éticos junto ao Conselho Regional de Odontologia Secção Pará (CRO-PA) no período de janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2010. A análise dos documentos fornecidos pela instituição (n=67) mostrou que o fator motivador mais frequentemente verificado foi a insatisfação em relação aos resultados obtidos, qualificada como imperícia ou imprudência, com 40,3%, seguido de irregularidade (26,9%), propaganda indevida (19,4%) e constrangimento (7,5%). Esses dados indicam que a população entende que os maus resultados são decorrentes de falta de preparo técnico dos profissionais no exercício da profissão e que existem dentre os cirurgiões-dentistas uma evidente carência de conhecimentos deontológicos sobre publicidade e propaganda. Estes dados indicam que população entende que os maus resultados são decorrentes de falta de preparo técnico dos profissionais no exercício da profissão e que existe dentre os cirurgiões-dentistas, uma evidente carência de conhecimentos deontológicos sobre publicidade e propaganda.With dental health professionals becoming ever more subject to ethical law suits, there is, without question, a need to safeguard against possible accusations of patients and professional colleagues. In this paper, the authors analyze quantitative aspects related to ethical processes in the Regional Council of Dentistry from Pará, Brazil State (CRO-PA) from January 2007 to December 2010. From The documents provided by CRO-PA (n=67) it was possible to observe that malpractice and imprudence were the main issues of complaint (related to acquired results) being 40.3 % of the cases, followed by irregularity (26.9 %), misuse of marketing (19.4 %) and embarrassment (7.5 %). These data showed that the general population understands bad treatment as a result of a lack of professional training and that there is a need for a better preparation when marketing and propaganda are in state. The acquired data suggest that the general population understands bad results as a lack of appropriate technical preparation of the dentists and, there is, among these professionals, a need for more knowledge related to ethics in marketing and advertising

Stress dissipation by human zygomatic pilar during molar occlusion : finite element analysis

Orientador: Paulo Henrique Ferreira CariaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas. Faculdade de Odontologia de PiracicabaResumo: Introdução: As tensões mastigatórias são absorvidas pelos processos alveolares e são dissipadas do pilar zigomático para o restante do crânio. A análise por elementos finitos é útil para avaliar a dissipação da tensão e simular o comportamento mecânico de estruturas biológicas. Objetivo: O Objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a dissipação da tensão principal máxima na região do Pilar Zigomático de um crânio humano, ao simular a oclusão dos molares. Material e Método: Um modelo dos ossos faciais foi construído a partir de imagens tomograficas computadorizadas com 0,25 mm de espessura de um crânio humano dentado pertencente ao Departamento de Morfologia da FOP - UNICAMP. O modelo geométrico foi construído com base na modelagem por meio do software Rhinoceros 4,0 (modelagem tridimensional por superfícies NURBS), utilizando a técnica de BioCAD e software MSC / Nastran ® 4.5 para Windows (The Corporation MacNeal-Schwendler, Savannah, GA, E.U.A.) que reproduziu o modelo de elementos finitos com as propriedades mecânicas da estrutura original. Resultados: Durante a aplicação da carga nos molares superiores, surgiram na superfície interna do seio maxilar duas linhas tensão máxima principal a partir do assoalho do seio maxilar, a primeira em direção ao pilar zigomático e a segunda para a região póstero-lateral do seio maxilar. Na região de transição entre a maxila e a crista zigomático maxilar foi observado uma área de tensão máxima principal nula. Conclusão: A tensão máxima principal durante a oclusão molar não é transferida diretamente ao pilar zigomático, mas sim para estruturas adjacentes.Abstract: Introduction: Masticatory stress are absorbed by the alveolar processes and dissipated from the Zygomatic Pillar for the hole skull. The finite element analysis is useful to evaluate the stress dissipation and simulate the mechanical behavior of biological structures. Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the dissipation of maximum principal strain in the region of the Pillar Zygomatic of a human skull during molars occlusion. Material and Methods: A model of the facial bones was constructed from computed tomography images with 0.25 mm thickness of a dentate human skull from the Department of Morphology, FOP - UNICAMP. The geometric model was built based on modeling using the Rhinoceros 4.0 software (three-dimensional modeling by NURBS surfaces), using the technique of BioCAD and MSC / Nastran for Windows ® 4.5 software (The MacNeal-Schwendler Corporation, Savannah, GA USA) which reproduced the finite element model with the mechanical properties of the original structure. Results: During application of the load on the upper molars two lines of maximum principal strain appeared on the inner surface of the maxillary sinus from the maxillary sinus floor, the first toward the Zygomatic Pillar and the second to the posterior of the maxillary sinus. Conclusion: The maximum principal strain during molar occlusion is not transferred directly to the Zygomatic Pillar, but to adjacent structures.DoutoradoAnatomiaDoutor em Biologia Buco-Denta

Analysis Of The Fluorescence Of Body Fluids On Different Surfaces And Times.

The use of screening techniques, such as an alternative light source (ALS), is important for finding biological evidence at a crime scene. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether biological fluid (blood, semen, saliva, and urine) deposited on different surfaces changes as a function of the age of the sample. Stains were illuminated with a Megamaxx™ ALS System and photographed with a Canon EOS Utility™ camera. Adobe Photoshop™ was utilized to prepare photographs for analysis, and then ImageJ™ was used to record the brightness values of pixels in the images. Data were submitted to analysis of variance using a generalized linear mixed model with two fixed effects (surface and fluid). Time was treated as a random effect (through repeated measures) with a first-order autoregressive covariance structure. Means of significant effects were compared by the Tukey test. The fluorescence of the analyzed biological material varied depending on the age of the sample. Fluorescence was lower when the samples were moist. Fluorescence remained constant when the sample was dry, up to the maximum period analyzed (60 days), independent of the substrate on which the fluid was deposited, showing the novelty of this study. Therefore, the forensic expert can detect biological fluids at the crime scene using an ALS even several days after a crime has occurred.54427-3

Incidence of retromolar foramen in human mandibles: ethnic and clinical aspects

The retromolar foramen allows the passage of the neurovascular bundles that contribute to nutrition and innervation of the pulp and periodontium of the lower teeth. Knowledge of this anatomical variation may prevent complications in the anesthesia and surgical procedures in this area and serve as an anatomical landmark for ethnic identification. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the retromolar foramen in human mandibles of adult Brazilians and discuss the clinical and ethnic related to the presence of this foramen. Were evaluated 222 human mandibles, dry, adults, Brazilians, independent of gender. The evaluation was performed by two examiners who standardized search from a previous anatomical study. The mandibles were analyzed: the presence of the retromolar foramen (bilateral or unilateral), the presence of the foramen on right and left sides, and the number of foramens present on each side. It was found that 59 had at least one mandible retromolar foramens resulting in an incidence of 26.58%. The retromolar foramen was present unilaterally in 41 mandibles and 18 bilaterally, with incidences of 18.47% and 12.16% respectively. on the right side, the retromolar foramen was present in incidences of 16.22% and 18.92% respectively The analysis of the right side of the mandibles revealed that 47.46%, 21.21% and 3.03% had one, two and three foramens, respectively The left side showed 55.93%, 16.22% and 8.11% of the 222 mandibles with one, two and three retromolar foramens, respectively The incidence of retromolar foramen in the Brazilian population is significant and should be considered in the planning and execution of procedures in several areas of clinical practice dentistry in order to avoid complications. Moreover, it was found that the incidence of retromolar foramen contributes to differentiation of ethnic groups in the area of forensic anthropology.El foramen retromolar permite el paso de los haces neurovasculares que contribuyen a la nutrición y inervación de la pulpa y periodonto de los dientes mandibulares. Conocer sus variaciones anatómicas pueden prevenir complicaciones de la anestesia y procedimientos quirúrgicos, y servir de punto de referencia anatómico para la identificación étnica. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el impacto del foramen retromolar en mandíbulas humanas de brasileños adultos y discutir la relación clínica y étnica de la presencia de este foramen. Se evaluaron 222 mandíbulas humanas secas de adultos brasileños, independiente del sexo. La evaluación fue efectuada por dos examinadores que realizaron búsquedas estándar de un estudio anatómico anterior. En las mandíbulas se examinaron: la presencia del foramen retromolar (bilateral o unilateral), lados (derecho e izquierdo), y el número de forámenes presentes en cada lado. En 59 mandíbulas se observó al menos un foramen retromolar, una incidencia del 26,58%. El foramen retromolar estuvo presente de manera unilateral en 41 mandíbulas, bilateralmente en 18, con una incidencia del 18,47% y 12,16%, respectivamente. En el lado derecho, el foramen retromolar estuvo presente en el 16,22% y 18,92% respectivamente. El análisis de la parte derecha de la mandíbula reveló que 47,46%, 21,21% y 3,03% tuvo uno, dos y tres forámenes, respectivamente. El lado izquierdo mostró 55,93%, 16,22% y 8,11% con uno, dos y tres forámenes retromolares, respectivamente. La incidencia del foramen retromolar en la población brasileña es significativo y se debe considerar en la planificación y ejecución de los procedimientos en varias áreas de la odontología clínica con el fin de evitar complicaciones. Por otra parte, se constató que la incidencia del foramen retromolar contribuye a la diferenciación de los grupos étnicos en el área de la antropología forense