Changing Epidemiology of Rotavirus-Related Hospitalizations in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil, from 2002 to 2006

A prospective hospital-based sentinel study conducted in Rio de Janeiro identified a shift in the pattern (long to short electropherotype and P(8) to P(4) genotype) of rotavirus strains recovered from children with severe diarrhea a few months after the far-reaching Brazilian rotavirus immunization program was launched, posing new interesting challenges

Effect of High vs Low Doses of Chloroquine Diphosphate as Adjunctive Therapy for Patients Hospitalized With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Infection: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

There is no specific antiviral therapy recommended for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In vitro studies indicate that the antiviral effect of chloroquine diphosphate (CQ) requires a high concentration of the drug.To evaluate the safety and efficacy of 2 CQ dosages in patients with severe COVID-19. This parallel, double-masked, randomized, phase IIb clinical trial with 81 adult patients who were hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection was conducted from March 23 to April 5, 2020, at a tertiary care facility in Manaus, Brazilian Amazon. - Patients were allocated to receive high-dosage CQ (ie, 600 mg CQ twice daily for 10 days) or low-dosage CQ (ie, 450 mg twice daily on day 1 and once daily for 4 days). - Label: Main Outcomes and Measures Primary outcome was reduction in lethality by at least 50% in the high-dosage group compared with the low-dosage group. Data presented here refer primarily to safety and lethality outcomes during treatment on day 13. Secondary end points included participant clinical status, laboratory examinations, and electrocardiogram results. Outcomes will be presented to day 28. Viral respiratory secretion RNA detection was performed on days 0 and 4. Out of a predefined sample size of 440 patients, 81 were enrolled (41 [50.6%] to high-dosage group and 40 [49.4%] to low-dosage group). Enrolled patients had a mean (SD) age of 51.1 (13.9) years, and most (60 [75.3%]) were men. Older age (mean [SD] age, 54.7 [13.7] years vs 47.4 [13.3] years) and more heart disease (5 of 28 [17.9%] vs 0) were seen in the high-dose group. Viral RNA was detected in 31 of 40 (77.5%) and 31 of 41 (75.6%) patients in the low-dosage and high-dosage groups, respectively. Lethality until day 13 was 39.0% in the high-dosage group (16 of 41) and 15.0% in the low-dosage group (6 of 40). The high-dosage group presented more instance of QTc interval greater than 500 milliseconds (7 of 37 [18.9%]) compared with the low-dosage group (4 of 36 [11.1%]). Respiratory secretion at day 4 was negative in only 6 of 27 patients (22.2%). - Label: Conclusions and Relevance The preliminary findings of this study suggest that the higher CQ dosage should not be recommended for critically ill patients with COVID-19 because of its potential safety hazards, especially when taken concurrently with azithromycin and oseltamivir. These findings cannot be extrapolated to patients with nonsevere COVID-19

Prevalence of Chlamydia Trachomatis infections and associated risk factors in different populations of both gender in Manaus city

Submitted by Gilvan Almeida ([email protected]) on 2016-12-07T12:03:30Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Prevalência.pdf: 65404 bytes, checksum: 36977ec6d471ebfd2adee1abb2039a98 (MD5)Rejected by Éder Freyre ([email protected]), reason: Refazer on 2017-02-14T16:44:47Z (GMT)Submitted by Gilvan Almeida ([email protected]) on 2019-02-06T17:00:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Prevalência.pdf: 65404 bytes, checksum: 36977ec6d471ebfd2adee1abb2039a98 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Regiane Silva ([email protected]) on 2019-06-03T16:40:13Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Prevalência.pdf: 65404 bytes, checksum: 36977ec6d471ebfd2adee1abb2039a98 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-06-03T16:40:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Prevalência.pdf: 65404 bytes, checksum: 36977ec6d471ebfd2adee1abb2039a98 (MD5) license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical e Venereologia Alfredo da Matta. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Universidad Calixto Garcia. Havana, Cuba.Ministério da Saúde do Brasil. Brasília, DF, Brasil.Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical e Venereologia Alfredo da Matta. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical e Venereologia Alfredo da Matta. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública Sergio Arouca. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação de Dermatologia Tropical e Venereologia Alfredo da Matta. Manaus, AM, Brasil.Introdução: a infecção por Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) é uma DST de alta prevalência no mundo e quando não diagnosticada pode, principalmente nas mulheres, progredir com seqüelas graves. No Brasil não se conhece com precisão o padrão de comportamento epidemiológico da infecção por CT. Objetivo: estimar prevalência e fatores associados à infecção por Chlamydia trachomatis em segmentos de população sexualmente ativa da cidade de Manaus. Métodos: durante 2004 e 2005 foi realizado estudo de corte seccional com 1.762 pessoas (1.007 mulheres e 755 homens) divididos em grupos de baixo risco (598 gestantes e 600 homens trabalhadores de indústrias) e de maior vulnerabilidade (409 mulheres e 155 homens em clínica de DST). Para o diagnóstico, empregou-se captura híbrida/DIGENE nas mulheres e PCR Cobas Amplicor CT/NG/Roche nos homens. Resultados: a prevalência global foi de 7,5%, em mulheres de 11,1% e nos homens de 2,8% (p = 0,000000). As taxas para gestantes e mulheres com DST foram de 11,9% e 10,0% (p = 0,36) e 3,0% e 1,9% para trabalhadores de indústrias e homens com DST (p = 0,65). Prevalências elevadas foram observadas nos adolescentes e nas gestantes (14,8%). Mulheres apresentaram risco de infecção quatro vezes maior do que os homens [ORprev. = 4,38 (IC 95% 2,66 7,26); p = 0,0000000], a razão de prevalência (RP) foi 4 e a prevalência atribuível para mulheres foi de 8,3. Prevalência em mulheres com mais de um parceiro foi de 16,6% (42/253), superior àquelas que só tiveram um parceiro 9,3% (70/753 p = 0,001). O risco de infectarse foi o dobro nas com mais de um parceiro [ORPrev.= 1,74 (OR 95% 1,26 2,99); p = 0,002]. Mulheres com parceiro portador de corrimento uretral representaram agravo [OR = 4,4 (IC 95% 2,15 9,21); p = 0,0000104]. A co-infecção com Neisseria gonorrhoeae ocorreu em 17,3%. Conclusão: a prevalência nas mulheres é intermediária (aproximadamente 10%) quando comparada com as taxas publicadas na literatura internacional. A taxa em mulheres é significativamente maior do que nos homens e as maiores prevalências correspondem às adolescentes, sendo os principais fatores associados à infecção o incremento no número de parceiros e ter parceiro com corrimento uretral.Introduction: infection by Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) is an STD of high prevalence in the world and when it is not diagnosed it can, especially among women, progress with grave sequels. In Brazil, the epidemiological behavior trend of the infection is not well-known. Objective: estimate the prevalence and factors associated with the infection by Chlamydia trachomatis in segments of the sexual active population of Manaus. Methods: during 2004 and 2005 a study was performed of seccional cuts with 1.762 people (1.007 women and 755 men) divided in groups of low risk (598 pregnant women and 600 manufacture industry workers) and of higher vulnerability (409 women and 155 men in STD clinics). For the diagnostic, hybrid capture/DIGENE in women and PCR “Cobas Amplicor CT/NG/Roche” in men. Results: the global prevalence was of 7.5% in women and 11.1% in men, with 2.8% (p = 0). The prevalence for pregnant women with STD were 11.9% and 10% (p = 0.36) and 3% and 1.9% for manufacture industry workers and men with STD (p = 0.65). High prevalence was observed in adolescents and pregnant women (14.8%). Women showed a risk of infection four times higher than those of men, [ORprev. = 4,38 (C.I. 95% 2.66-7.26); p = 0]. The prevalence reason was 4 and the prevalence attributed to women was 8.3. The prevalence in women with more than one sexual partner was of 16.6% (42/253), superior to those that had only one partner, who had a prevalence 9.3% (70/753 p = 0.001). This is two times the risk of infection [ORprev. = 1,74 (OR 95% 1.26–2.99); p = 0,002]. Women with partners that had urethral discharge worsened the prevalence rate [OR = 4.4 (IC 95% 2.15–9.21); p = 0.0000104]. The co-infection with Neisseria gonorrhoea happened in 17.3% of the cases. Conclusion: the prevalence of women is intermediary (approximately 10%) when compared to those rates published in international literature. The prevalence in women is significantly higher than those of men and higher prevalence corresponds to adolescents. The main factors associated with the infection were the increment in the number of partners and having partners with urethral discharge

The emergence of Omicron VOC and its rapid spread and persistence in the Western Amazon.

Genomic surveillance represents a strategy to understanding the evolutionary mechanisms, transmission, and infectivity of different SARS-CoV-2 variants. We evaluated 603 individuals positive for SARS-CoV-2 from 34 municipalities of Rondônia between December 2021 to December 2022. Nasopharyngeal samples were collected, RNA was extracted and screened using RT-qPCR for VOCs. RNA of the samples were sequenced and further analyzed for phylogeny, mutations, and lineages, totaling 96.19% of samples positive for Omicron VOC in this cohort. We observed that most individuals had at least two doses, however 18.97% were not vaccinated with any dose. 554 sequences were amenable to analysis for alignment and phylogenetic characterization; this group corresponded to the 27 subvariants of the Omicron VOC; a total of 100 mutations were identified, 48% of which were found in the S gene. In conclusion, the data demonstrated the rapid spread and persistence of Omicron VOC in Rondônia during the 12-month study period. Although high frequency of mutations was found in the analyzed samples, there were no individuals with a severe clinical profile, demonstrating that vaccination had a positive effect in those cases

Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree presenting 554 sequences obtained in this study and 363 genomes retrieved from GISAID.

The samples are indicated as blue circles. The tree was rooted with the most ancestral sequence (EPI_ISL_402123).</p

Viral load measured by the number of days after onset of symptoms.

Viral load measured by the number of days after onset of symptoms.</p