Desempenho agronômico de Azospirillum brasilense na cultura de trigo

The use of nitrogen-fixing diazotrophs bacteria in grasses is a recent alternative that which allows reducing the use of agricultural inputs. In this aspect the Azospirillum brasilense has emerged as a viable alternative in reducing nitrogen application in field crops. The objective of this review was to gather information regarding the agronomic performance in the use of A. brasilense in wheat crops. Besides the obvious reduction in the need for nitrogen fertilization, is noteworthy that the inoculation allows obtaining agronomic results similar to those obtained with fertilizers, that is, presents efficiency in several important agronomic attributes. Generally it is observed increase in productivity as the crop is inoculated. The best results were obtained with the use of diazotrophic bacteria associated to nitrogen fertilizer, underscoring the fact that the bacterium does not completely replace the fertilization. The increase in productivity is attributed to the improved translocation of biomass to grains and in the increased photosynthetic activity, justified by the increase in green tissues and its root system, occasioned by the plant symbiosis.El uso de bacterias diazotróficas fijadoras de nitrógeno en pastos es una alternativa reciente que permite reducir el uso de insumos agrícolas. En este respecto el Azospirillum brasilense esta se destacando como alternativa viable para reducción de la aplicación de nitrógeno en los cultivos. El objetivo de esta revisión fue recopilar información sobre el comportamiento agronómico en el uso de A. brasilense en trigo. Además de la reducción obvia en la necesidad de fertilización con nitrógeno, es evidente que la inoculación agronómica permite la obtención de resultados similares a los obtenidos con los fertilizantes, es decir, presenta eficiencia en varias características agronómicas importantes. En general se observa aumento de la productividad cuando se inocula el cultivo. Se puede observar que los mejores resultados se relacionan con el uso de bacterias diazostrófica asociados con el nitrógeno, lo que subraya el hecho de que la bacteria no reemplaza completamente los fertilizantes. El aumento de la productividad se atribuye a la mejora de la translocación de la biomasa hasta el grano y el aumento de la actividad fotosintética, justificado por el aumento en los tejidos verdes y de la eficiencia del sistema radicular, ocasionado por la simbiosis.A utilização de bactérias diazotróficas fixadoras de nitrogênio em gramíneas é uma recente alternativa que permite diminuir o uso de insumos agrícolas. Neste aspecto a Azospirillum brasilense vem se destacando como uma alternativa viável na redução da aplicação de nitrogênio em culturas de lavoura. O objetivo desta revisão foi reunir informações com respeito ao desempenho agronômico na utilização de A. brasilense na cultura do trigo. Além da evidente redução na necessidade de adubação nitrogenada, é visível que a inoculação permite a obtenção de resultados agronômicos semelhantes aos obtidos com fertilizantes, ou seja, apresenta eficiência em várias das características agronômicas importantes. Geralmente observa-se elevação na produtividade quando a lavoura é inoculada. Pode-se verificar que os melhores resultados são relacionados a associação do uso da bactéria diazostrófica associado ao Nitrogênio, ressaltando o fato de que a bactéria não substitui completamente a adubação. O aumento de produtividade é atribuído à melhoria da translocação da biomassa até os grãos e no aumento da atividade fotossintética, justificado pela elevação dos tecidos verdes e aumento na eficiência do sistema radicular, ocasionado em razão da simbiose

Utjecaj dodatka brašna od brakteja banane (Musa spp.) na miševe hranjene hranom s velikim udjelom masnoća

Research background. The extensive cultivation of bananas (Musa sp.) is related to producing tons of residues, such as leaves, pseudostems and bracts (inflorescences). The banana bract is a commercially interesting residue due to its dietary fibre content and high antioxidant potential. With this in mind, this study evaluates the effects of administering banana bract flour in animal models fed a cafeteria diet. Experimental approach. Thirty-two male rats were divided into 4 groups: (i) control diet, (ii) control diet with 10 % banana bract flour, (iii) hypercaloric diet, and (iv) hypercaloric diet with 10 % bract banana flour. The study was conducted for 12 weeks and included analysis of phenolic compounds, assessment of the antioxidant effect of banana bract flour, determination of serum biochemical parameters (glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), amylase, albumin, uric acid, creatine, total protein, and oral glucose), determination of faecal fat content, and histomorphological analysis of the liver, pancreas and adipose tissue. In addition, molecular parameters such as IL6, total and phosphorylated JNK, total and phosphorylated IKKβ, TNFα, TLR4 and HSP70 were determined. Results and conclusions. The banana bract flour showed a high content of phenolic compounds and an antioxidant effect. The in vivo results suggest that the supplementation of a hypercaloric diet with banana bract flour prevented pathological damage by reducing total cholesterol and glucose amounts, which may imply a hepatoprotective effect of this supplement. Thus, using banana bract flour as a supplement can increase the consumption of fibre, antioxidants and bioactive compounds. Novelty and scientific contribution. The development of flour from banana waste and its inclusion in the diet can prevent and/or help treat obesity. In addition, the use of banana bracts can help protect the environment, as they are considered a source of waste by the food industry.Pozadina istraživanja. Pri ekstenzivnom uzgoju banana (Musa sp.) nastaje velika količina otpadaka, kao što su lišće, prividno deblo i cvjetne brakteje. Brakteje banane su od komercijalnog interesa, jer su bogate vlaknima i imaju veliki antioksidacijski potencijal. Stoga je svrha ovoga rada bila ispitati utjecaj dodatka brašna od brakteja banane na životinje hranjene hranom s velikim udjelom masnoća. Eksperimentalni pristup. Trideset i dva mužjaka miševa podijeljena su u četiri skupine ovisno o hranidbi: (i) kontrolna prehrana, (ii) kontrolna prehrana s dodatkom 10 % brašna od brakteja banane, (iii) hiperkalorična prehrana i (iv) hiperkalorična prehrana s dodatkom 10 % brašna od brakteja banane. Istraživanje je provedeno tijekom 12 tjedana, te je obuhvaćalo ispitivanje udjela fenolnih spojeva i antioksidacijskog učinka brašna od brakteja banane, određivanje biokemijskih pokazatelja u serumu (koncentracije glukoze, ukupnog kolesterola i triglicerida, aktivnosti aspartat aminotransferaze (AST), alanin transaminaze (ALT) i amilaze, te koncentracije albumina, mokraćne kiseline, kreatinina, ukupnih proteina i oralne glukoze), masenog udjela lipida u stolici, te histomorfološku analizu tkiva jetre, gušterače i masnog tkiva. Uz to, ispitana je prisutnost molekula kao što su interleukin 6 (IL6), ukupne i fosforilirane kinaze JNK i IKKβ, tumorski faktor nekroze alfa (TNFα), Toll-u sličan receptor 4 (TLR4) i protein toplinskog šoka 70 (HSP70). Rezultati i zaključci. Brašno od brakteja banane imalo je velik udjel fenolnih spojeva i izražen antioksidacijski učinak. Rezultati dobiveni ispitivanjem in vivo pokazuju da su se dodatkom tog brašna hiperkaloričnoj prehrani smanjile koncentracije ukupnog kolosterola i glukoze u krvi, te spriječilo patološko oštećenje organa, što upućuje na mogući hepatoprotektivni učinak ovog dodatka hrani. Zaključeno je da se dodatkom ovog brašna povećava unos vlakana, antioksidanasa i bioaktivnih spojeva u organizam. Novina i znanstveni doprinos. Pripremom brašna od brakteja banane i njegovim dodatkom prehrani moguće je spriječiti ili smanjiti pretilost. Osim toga, korištenje brakteja banana pomaže zaštiti okoliša, jer predstavljaju otpad iz prehrambene industrije

Spinning Gland Transcriptomics from Two Main Clades of Spiders (Order: Araneae) - Insights on Their Molecular, Anatomical and Behavioral Evolution

Characterized by distinctive evolutionary adaptations, spiders provide a comprehensive system for evolutionary and developmental studies of anatomical organs, including silk and venom production. Here we performed cDNA sequencing using massively parallel sequencers (454 GS-FLX Titanium) to generate ∼80,000 reads from the spinning gland of Actinopus spp. (infraorder: Mygalomorphae) and Gasteracantha cancriformis (infraorder: Araneomorphae, Orbiculariae clade). Actinopus spp. retains primitive characteristics on web usage and presents a single undifferentiated spinning gland while the orbiculariae spiders have seven differentiated spinning glands and complex patterns of web usage. MIRA, Celera Assembler and CAP3 software were used to cluster NGS reads for each spider. CAP3 unigenes passed through a pipeline for automatic annotation, classification by biological function, and comparative transcriptomics. Genes related to spider silks were manually curated and analyzed. Although a single spidroin gene family was found in Actinopus spp., a vast repertoire of specialized spider silk proteins was encountered in orbiculariae. Astacin-like metalloproteases (meprin subfamily) were shown to be some of the most sampled unigenes and duplicated gene families in G. cancriformis since its evolutionary split from mygalomorphs. Our results confirm that the evolution of the molecular repertoire of silk proteins was accompanied by the (i) anatomical differentiation of spinning glands and (ii) behavioral complexification in the web usage. Finally, a phylogenetic tree was constructed to cluster most of the known spidroins in gene clades. This is the first large-scale, multi-organism transcriptome for spider spinning glands and a first step into a broad understanding of spider web systems biology and evolution

Acinic cell carcinoma of the oral and maxillofacial region: an international multicenter study

Abstract The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, clinicopathological, and prognostic features of acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) of the oral and maxillofacial region. AciCC cases were retrospectively retrieved from 11 pathology centers of three different countries. Medical records were examined to extract demographic, clinical, pathologic, and follow-up information. A total of 75 cases were included. Females (65.33%) with a mean age of 45.51 years were mostly affected. The lesions usually presented as an asymptomatic (64.28%) nodule (95.66%) in the parotid gland (70.68%). The association of two histopathological patterns was the most common finding (48.93%) and the tumors presented mainly conventional histopathological grades (86.11%). Surgical treatment was performed in the majority of the cases (59.19%). Local recurrence was observed in 20% of the informed cases, regional metastasis in 30.43%, and distant metastasis in 12.50%. The statistical analysis showed that the cases with a solid histopathological pattern (p=0.01), high-grade transformation (p=0.008), recurrence (p=0.007), and regional metastasis (p=0.03) were associated with poor survival. In conclusion, high histopathological transformation, presence of nodal metastasis, and recurrence were prognostic factors for AciCC of the oral and maxillofacial region

Acinic cell carcinoma of the oral and maxillofacial region : an international multicenter study

The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence, clinicopathological, and prognostic features of acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) of the oral and maxillofacial region. AciCC cases were retrospectively retrieved from 11 pathology centers of three different countries. Medical records were examined to extract demographic, clinical, pathologic, and follow-up information. A total of 75 cases were included. Females (65.33%) with a mean age of 45.51 years were mostly affected. The lesions usually presented as an asymptomatic (64.28%) nodule (95.66%) in the parotid gland (70.68%). The association of two histopathological patterns was the most common finding (48.93%) and the tumors presented mainly conventional histopathological grades (86.11%). Surgical treatment was performed in the majority of the cases (59.19%). Local recurrence was observed in 20% of the informed cases, regional metastasis in 30.43%, and distant metastasis in 12.50%. The statistical analysis showed that the cases with a solid histopathological pattern (p=0.01), high-grade transformation (p=0.008), recurrence (p=0.007), and regional metastasis (p=0.03) were associated with poor survival. In conclusion, high histopathological transformation, presence of nodal metastasis, and recurrence were prognostic factors for AciCC of the oral and maxillofacial region.The Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and the CNPq.https://www.scielo.br/j/boram2024Oral Pathology and Oral BiologySDG-03:Good heatlh and well-bein

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Práticas Educomunicativas

Esta publicação pretende divulgar as práticas educomunicativas realizadas em diferentes regiões do país e que estão sendo implantadas por nossos associados. O e-book Práticas Educomunicativas, que visa oferecer um material de uso prático que possa servir de apoio pedagógico em diferentes contextos, escolar ou de ações junto a instituições, apresenta 20 artigos de profissionais e pesquisadores que implementam ações que inter-relacionam comunicação e educação no contexto da educação apontando as experiências e processos de educomunicação e valorizando desta forma, o trabalho realizado por cada educomunicador oferecendo, ao leitor, um material de uso prático que possa servir de apoio pedagógico em diferentes contextos

ATLANTIC EPIPHYTES: a data set of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte plants and lichens from the Atlantic Forest

Epiphytes are hyper-diverse and one of the frequently undervalued life forms in plant surveys and biodiversity inventories. Epiphytes of the Atlantic Forest, one of the most endangered ecosystems in the world, have high endemism and radiated recently in the Pliocene. We aimed to (1) compile an extensive Atlantic Forest data set on vascular, non-vascular plants (including hemiepiphytes), and lichen epiphyte species occurrence and abundance; (2) describe the epiphyte distribution in the Atlantic Forest, in order to indicate future sampling efforts. Our work presents the first epiphyte data set with information on abundance and occurrence of epiphyte phorophyte species. All data compiled here come from three main sources provided by the authors: published sources (comprising peer-reviewed articles, books, and theses), unpublished data, and herbarium data. We compiled a data set composed of 2,095 species, from 89,270 holo/hemiepiphyte records, in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, recorded from 1824 to early 2018. Most of the records were from qualitative data (occurrence only, 88%), well distributed throughout the Atlantic Forest. For quantitative records, the most common sampling method was individual trees (71%), followed by plot sampling (19%), and transect sampling (10%). Angiosperms (81%) were the most frequently registered group, and Bromeliaceae and Orchidaceae were the families with the greatest number of records (27,272 and 21,945, respectively). Ferns and Lycophytes presented fewer records than Angiosperms, and Polypodiaceae were the most recorded family, and more concentrated in the Southern and Southeastern regions. Data on non-vascular plants and lichens were scarce, with a few disjunct records concentrated in the Northeastern region of the Atlantic Forest. For all non-vascular plant records, Lejeuneaceae, a family of liverworts, was the most recorded family. We hope that our effort to organize scattered epiphyte data help advance the knowledge of epiphyte ecology, as well as our understanding of macroecological and biogeographical patterns in the Atlantic Forest. No copyright restrictions are associated with the data set. Please cite this Ecology Data Paper if the data are used in publication and teaching events. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

Avaliação da sensibilidade e especificidade dos exames citopatológico e colposcópico em relação ao exame histológico na identificação de lesões intra-epiteliais cervicais Sensibility and specificity of cytology and colposcopy exams with the histological evaluation of cervical intraepithelial lesions

OBJETIVO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a concordância dos exames citológico e colposcópico com o resultado da análise histológica, obtida a partir de biópsia colpodirigida. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionadas 80 pacientes do ambulatório de colposcopia do Hospital e Maternidade Santa Brígida de Curitiba, PR. As pacientes foram encaminhadas à colposcopia segundo os seguintes critérios: 1) exames citológicos prévios com resultado anormal, 2) dados clínicos indicativos de alteração ou 3) lesões suspeitas ao exame ginecológico. A análise da significância estatística entre os resultados dos exames foi realizada por meio do teste de Qui-quadrado e foram determinados os valores correspondentes à sensibilidade, especificidade, valor preditivo negativo e valor preditivo positivo de cada método. RESULTADOS: As pacientes apresentaram idade média de 30,2 anos (&plusmn;10,9). A capacidade de identificação da presença de lesão na citologia com relação à histologia foi de 50%. A especificidade da citologia foi de 77%, a sensibilidade de 41%, o valor preditivo positivo de 74% e o valor preditivo negativo de 45%. A capacidade da colposcopia em identificar a presença de lesão foi de 51%. A sensibilidade foi de 96%, a especificidade de 19%, o valor preditivo positivo de 65% e o valor preditivo negativo de 75%. A capacidade dos dois métodos associados de detectar a presença de lesões foi de 63%. CONCLUSÕES: A citologia mostrou-se um exame de alta especificidade, enquanto que a colposcopia das pacientes selecionadas apresentou alta sensibilidade. A associação de colposcopia ao screening feito pela citologia, em pacientes selecionadas, aumenta muito a acurácia do diagnóstico das lesões precursoras do carcinoma do colo uterino.<br>OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the correlation of cytopathological and colposcopycal diagnosis with the histopathological analysis from biopsy.METHODS: 80 patients from the colposcopy ambulatory of the Hospital e Maternidade Santa Brígida de Curitiba, PR, were selected. Those patients were sent to colposcopy under the following criteria: 1) previous abnormal cytopathological exams, 2) Indicative clinical data or, 3) Suspected lesions on gynecological exam. The statistical significance analysis of the results was done using the chi-square test. Sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) were also determined.RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 30.2 (&plusmn;10.9). Cytopathological capability of identifying lesions was 50% when compared to histology. Its specificity was 77%, the sensibility 41%, the PPV 74%, and the NPV 45%. Colposcopy capability of identifying lesions was 50%. Its sensibility, specificity, PPV and NPV were 96%, 19%, 65% and 75% respectively. The two methods associated were capable of identifying 63% of the lesions.CONCLUSIONS: Cytopathology was a high specificity exam, while colposcopy from those selected patients had a high sensibility. Colposcopy association with cytopathological screening, on those selected patients, significantly raises the diagnostic accuracy of cervical cancer precursor lesions