Asimetrías socioespaciales y los modelos de planificación racional. Un estudio de la dinámica urbana en la ciudad de Temuco

Desde finales del siglo XX, diversos autores plantearon que el modelo neoliberal había generado profundas asimetrías en la morfología de las ciudades, situación que se vio potenciada por la aplicación de modelos de planificación racionalistas que no han permitido el desarrollo sostenible de las áreas urbanas. Ante la existencia de estos fenómenos, se busca determinar cómo se manifiestan estas asimetrías socioespaciales en una de las ciudades chilenas con mayores tasas de crecimiento demográfico y espacial, como es el caso de Temuco. Para ello, se compara la concentración de equipamiento y la estructura de rentas de suelo, en los distritos que han contado con las mayores tasas de expansión urbana entre los años 1992 y 2017. Frente a la evidencia encontrada, se plantean alternativas a los modelos tradicionales de planificación, que pudiesen remediar las asimetrías generadas sobre la base de una mayor movilidad de la población dentro de un marco socioambiental sostenible.Socio-spatial asymmetries and rational planning models. A study of urban dynamics in the city of Temuco.Since the end of the 20th century, several authors have proposed that the neoliberal model has generated deep asymmetries in the morphology of cities, a situation that was worsened by the application of rationalist planning models that did not allow the sustainable development of urban areas. Given the existence of these phenomena, our study has sought to determine how these socio-spatial asymmetries manifest themselves in one of the Chilean cities with higher rates of demographic and spatial growth, as is the case of Temuco. For this, we compare the concentration of equipment and the structure of land rent, in the districts that have had the highest rates of urban expansion between 1992 and 2017. Faced with the confirmation of our hypothesis, on the basis of greater mobility of the population within a sustainable socio-environmental framework.we propose alternatives to traditional planning models, which could moderate the existing asymmetries

SCA como Manifestacion Clínica de la Reestenosis Intrastent

In-stent re-stenosis(ISR) has been associated with a high incidence of reintervention, but in addition some reports indicate that acute coronary syndromes(ACS) are a frequent clinical presentation. In this study of 210 patients with ISR we found that ACS was thepresenting event in 31% of patients while a stable clinical event occurred in 69%. In the ACS group 21 patients (31%) had an STEMI, 20 (29%) an NSTE-MI and 27 (40%) patients presented with unstableangina. Comparing ACS vs SE groups, clinical cha-acteristics were similar, except for diabetes which was more frequent in ACS (30% vs 22%, p=0,02). Thirty day mortality was 2,9% vs 2,1% (p=ns) and long term mortality was 12,2% vs 6,4%, respecti-vely (p=0.18). In multivariate analysis, there wereno independent predictors of an SCA presentation. In conclusion, ACS is a frequent clinical presentation of ISR and it is not always a benign condition.</div

Modified Craniocervical Approach for Resection of the Styloid Process in Patients with Eagle's Syndrome

Abstract Objective Surgical treatment of Eagle's syndrome remains the mainstay of treatment. Palsy of the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve is the most significant complication encountered in transcervical resections, due to direct compression during the approach. We proposed a modification of the craniocervical approach to the jugular foramen to resect the styloid process avoiding the marginal mandibular branch and subsequent palsy. Design This is a single-center retrospective cohort study. Setting The research was conducted at a tertiary medical center. Participants From November 2008 to October 2018, 12 patients with Eagle's syndrome underwent treatment using our modified approach. Main Outcome Measures Demographic data, type of Eagle's syndrome, symptomatic side, size of the styloid process, clinical outcomes, and complications were analyzed. Results Mean size of the styloid processes was of 3.34 cm on the operated side (2.3–4.7 cm) and 2.98 cm on the other (2–4.2 cm). Intraoperative facial nerve irritation occurred in one case. Resection of the entire styloid process was achieved in all cases. Eight cases experienced complete improvement, three cases had a partial response, and one case failed to improve. There were no cases of recurrence. Two patients presented transient postoperative auricular paresthesia. There were no cases of mandibular branch palsy, nor any other complications in our series. Conclusions Our modified transcervical approach is effective in avoiding the marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve, avoiding postoperative palsy.</jats:p

Factores asociados a la interrupción y mantenimiento de conductas delictivas: “Un estudio con adolescentes atendidos por el Programa de Intervención Integral Especializada de la comuna de Osorno, Chile”

Abstract The objective; consisted of identifying factors relating to the interruption and preservation of criminal behaviors in adolescents emerging from a Specialized Intervention Program (“Integral Specialized Intervention Program”) in the South of Chile. The research methodology: included the following: a) statistic monitoring over 50 adolescents leaving the program, in order to detect readmissions to the Protection System and Juvenile Justice of the National Service for Minors (“Servicio Nacional de Menores” - Sename); b) the application of in-depth interviews to 12 adolescents (six repeat offenders and six non-recidivists); c) the carrying out of interviews with family members or relatives and to the group of professionals of the intervention team. The results: obtained highlight the fact that 54 % of the adolescents having been monitored do not show readmissions to the Sename network; however, at the time of the study 26% thereof had been admitted in the Right Protection Programs and 20% were active in the Juvenile Justice schemes. At a qualitative level, it can be observed that the more relevant factor in the group not having recorded readmissions is support to the family and school network. In order to improve intervention processes, the professionals underline the need to establish a specialized accompaniment system with a strong emphasis on family work and socio-communitarian involvement.Resumo O objetivo: foi identificar os fatores relacionados à interrupção e à manutenção de comportamentos criminosos nos adolescentes formados de um Programa de Intervenção Especializada, do sul do Chile. A metodologia: da investigação incluiu: a) um monitoramento estatístico dos 50 adolescentes formados, a fim detectar reingressos ao Sistema da Proteção e à área de Justiça Juvenil do Serviço Nacional dos Menores (Sename); b) a aplicação das entrevistas com profundidade a 12 adolescentes (seis reincidentes e seis não-reincidentes); c) a realização das entrevistas a referentes familiares e o conjunto dos profissionais da equipe da intervenção. Os resultados: destacam que 54% dos adolescentes dos monitorados não apresentam reingressos à rede Sename; não obstante, no momento do estudo um 26% destes estavam ingressados em Programas da Proteção de Direitos e um 20% eram válidas nos Programas da Justiça Juvenil. No nível qualitativo, estima-se que o fator de maior relevância no grupo que não regista reingressos é a sustentação da rede familiar e escolar. A fim de melhorar os processos da intervenção, os profissionais explicam a necessidade de estabelecer um sistema de acompanhamento especializado, com uma forte ênfase no trabalho familiar e a vinculação social comunitária.Resumen El objetivo: fue identificar los factores relacionados con la interrupción y mantenimiento de conductas delictivas en adolescentes egresados de un Programa de Intervención Especializada, del sur de Chile. La metodología: de investigación incluyó: a) un monitoreo estadístico de los 50 adolescentes egresados, a fin de detectar reingresos al Sistema de Protección y al área de Justicia Juvenil del Servicio Nacional de Menores (Sename); b) la aplicación de entrevistas con profundidad a 12 adolescentes (seis reincidentes y seis no reincidentes); c) la realización de entrevistas a referentes familiares y al conjunto de profesionales del equipo de intervención. Los resultados : destacan que el 54 % de los adolescentes monitoreados no presentan reingresos a la Red Sename; sin embargo, al momento del estudio un 26 % de estos se encontraban ingresados a Programas de Protección de Derechos y un 20 % estaban vigentes en Programas de Justicia Juvenil. A nivel cualitativo, se aprecia que el factor de mayor relevancia en el grupo que no registra reingresos es el apoyo de la red familiar y escolar. Para mejorar los procesos de intervención, los profesionales plantean la necesidad de establecer un sistema de acompañamiento especializado, con un fuerte énfasis en el trabajo familiar y vinculación sociocomunitaria